A new relativistic theory for Modified Newtonian Dynamics

Abstract

We propose a relativistic gravitational theory leading to modified Newtonian dynamics, a paradigm that explains the observed universal galactic acceleration scale and related phenomenology. We discuss phenomenological requirements leading to its construction and demonstrate its agreement with the observed cosmic microwave background and matter power spectra on linear cosmological scales. We show that its action expanded to second order is free of ghost instabilities and discuss its possible embedding in a more fundamental theory.

7 pages, 2 figures. We separated the CMB and MPS into two figures, displaying for each one the residuals compared to LCDM. We added more references, additional discussion and details, resulting also to structural rearrangements and shortening of text in accordance with referee comments and to fit within PRL page limits. Content matches published version

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• Strong constraints on the gravitational law from $Gaia$ DR3 wide binaries
• Testing the Strong Equivalence Principle. II. Relating the External Field Effect in Galaxy Rotation Curves to the Large-Scale Structure of the Universe
• The gravitational field of X-COP galaxy clusters
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• Testing Theories of Gravity with Planetary Ephemerides
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• Testing Super-Heavy Dark Matter from Primordial Black Holes with Gravitational Waves
• 3D hydrodynamic simulations for the formation of the Local Group satellite planes
• Multifield Ultralight Dark Matter
• Barred spiral galaxies in modified gravity theories
• Models of modified-inertia formulation of MOND
• Numerical Solutions of the External Field Effect on the Radial Acceleration in Disk Galaxies
• Probing the radial acceleration relation and the strong equivalence principle with the Coma cluster ultra-diffuse galaxies
• Alternative ideas in cosmology
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• The Milky Way's rotation curve with superfluid dark matter
• Aether scalar tensor theory: Linear stability on Minkowski space
• The phantom dark matter halos of the Local Volume in the context of modified Newtonian dynamics
• On the tension between the Radial Acceleration Relation and Solar System quadrupole in modified gravity MOND
• Radial acceleration relation of galaxies with joint kinematic and weak-lensing data
• Methodological Reflections on the MOND/Dark Matter Debate
• Newtonian Fractional-Dimension Gravity and MOND
• On the functional form of the radial acceleration relation
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• Aether scalar tensor theory confronted with weak lensing data at small accelerations
• Dynamical system analysis of cosmological evolution in the Aether scalar tensor theory
• Generalizations of Quasilinear MOND (QUMOND)
• Supercomputers against strong coupling in gravity with curvature and torsion
• Dark Matter Realism
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• Relativistic Khronon Theory in agreement with Modified Newtonian Dynamics and Large-Scale Cosmology
• Dressed black holes in the new tensor-vector-scalar theory
• Cosmological Dynamics of Relativistic MOND
• Constraining Palatini-Horndeski theory with gravitational waves after GW170817
• Time evolution of the local gravitational parameters and gravitational wave polarizations in a relativistic MOND theory
• Cherenkov radiation from stars constrains hybrid MOND dark matter models
• Acausality in Superfluid Dark Matter and MOND-like Theories
• A Distinct Radial Acceleration Relation across Brightest Cluster Galaxies and Galaxy Clusters
• Discord in Concordance Cosmology and Anomalously Massive Early Galaxies
• Testing Modified Gravity Theories with Numerical Solutions of the External Field Effect in Rotationally Supported Galaxies
• Covariant formulation of refracted gravity
• Theoretically motivated dark electromagnetism as the origin of relativistic MOND
• An empirical consistent redshift bias: A possible direct reproducible observation of Zwicky's TL theory
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• Hamiltonian Formalism for dynamics of particles in MOG
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• The dynamics of three nearby E0 galaxies in refracted gravity
• Superfluid dark matter in tension with weak gravitational lensing data
• Causal Modifications of Gravity and Their Observational Bounds
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• The prediction of using LHAASO's cosmic-ray electron measurements to constrain decaying heavy dark matter
• A new scale in the quasi-static limit of Aether Scalar Tensor Theory
• Dark Energy from the Fifth Dimension
• Probing modified Newtonian dynamics with hypervelocity stars
• The Scale Invariant Vacuum Paradigm: main results and current progress
• Broader view of bimetric MOND
• Scrutinizing coupled vector dark energy in light of data
• The Scale Invariant Vacuum Paradigm: Main Results and Current Progress Review (Part II)
• Dipolar dark matter simulations on galaxy scales with the RAMSES code
• Testing CCC+TL Cosmology with Galaxy Rotation Curves
• Stealth black holes in Aether Scalar Tensor theory
• Newtonian Fractional-Dimension Gravity and the External Field Effect
• A new constant behind the rotational velocity of galaxies
• Dwarf galaxies with central cores in modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) gravity
• Big Bang Nucleosynthesis constraints on the Energy-Momentum Squared Gravity: The ${\mathbb{T}}^2$ model
• Dark Coincidences: Small-Scale Solutions with Refracted Gravity and MOND
• Newtonian Fractional-Dimension Gravity and Galaxies without Dark Matter
• Buchdahl bound, photon ring, ISCO and radial acceleration in Einstein-æther theory
• Why did the dark matter hypothesis supersede modified gravity in the 1980s?
• Effect of generic dark matter halo on transonic accretion onto galactic black holes
• Sudden cosmological singularities in Aether scalar-tensor theories
• The isolated elliptical galaxy NGC 5812 -- MOND or Dark Matter?
• Analytic Solutions of Scalar Field Cosmology, Mathematical Structures for Early Inflation and Late Time Accelerated Expansion
• Cosmological implications of the Gaia Milky Way declining rotation curve
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• The radial acceleration relation at the EDGE of galaxy formation: testing its universality in low-mass dwarf galaxies
• Consistent cosmological structure formation on all scales in relativistic extensions of MOND
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• Asymmetry in galaxy spin directions: a fully reproducible experiment using HSC data
• Revisiting Flat Rotation Curves in Chern-Simons Modified Gravity
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• Alleviating the Hubble tension with Torsion Condensation (TorC)
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: A Test of the Gravitational Force Law on Cosmological Scales Using the Kinematic Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect
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• Formation of collisional ring galaxies in Milgromian dynamics
• Measuring Mass of Gas in Central Galaxies using weak lensing and satellite kinematics in MOND
• Refracted Gravity Solutions from Small to Large Scales
• Cosmic backgrounds from the radio to the far-infrared: recent results and perspectives from cosmological and astrophysical surveys
• The $\kappa$-model under test of the SPARC database
• Pattern dark matter and galaxy scaling relations
• MOND via Matrix Gravity
• Fast particle-mesh code for Milgromian dynamics
• Multidimensional representation of semantic relations between physical theories, fundamental constants and units of measurement with formal concept analysis
• Testing QUMOND theory with Galactic globular clusters in a weak external field
• Dwarf galaxies in non-local gravity
• Are disks of satellites comprised of tidal dwarf galaxies?
• Testing MOND using the dynamics of nearby stellar streams
• Modification of Newtonian Gravity: Implications for Hot Gas in Clusters and Galactic Angular Momentum
• A test of MOND and Emergent Gravity with SMACS J0723.3-7327 using eROSITA observations
• The radial metric function does not identify null surfaces
• Bimetric MOND as a framework for variable-$G$ theories -- local systems and cosmology
• Examining Baryonic Faber-Jackson Relation in Galaxy Groups
• An effective fluid description of scalar-vector-tensor theories under the sub-horizon and quasi-static approximations
• Improved constraints on modified Newtonian gravity from Cassini radio tracking data
• Distinct radial acceleration relations of galaxies and galaxy clusters supports hyperconical modified gravity