A general class of gravitational theories as alternatives to dark matter where the speed of gravity always equals the speed of light

Abstract

A number of theories of gravity have been proposed as proxies for dark matter in the regime of galaxies and cosmology. The recent observations of gravitational waves (GW170817) from the merger of two neutron stars, followed by an electromagnetic counterpart (GW170817a) have placed stringent constraints on the difference of the speed of gravity to the speed of light, severely restricting the phenomenological viability of such theories. We revisit the impact of these observations on the Tensor-Vector-Scalar (TeVeS) paradigm of relativistic Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) and demonstrate the existence of a previously unknown class of this paradigm where the speed of gravity always equals the speed of light. We show that this holds without altering the usual (bimetric) MOND phenomenology in galaxies.

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• Probing the radial acceleration relation and the strong equivalence principle with the Coma cluster ultra-diffuse galaxies
• The distribution of galaxy rotation in JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey
• The General Linear Cartan Khronon
• Aether scalar tensor theory: Linear stability on Minkowski space
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• Relativistic Khronon Theory in agreement with Modified Newtonian Dynamics and Large-Scale Cosmology
• Cosmological Dynamics of Relativistic MOND
• Baryon-Interacting Dark Matter: heating dark matter and the emergence of galaxy scaling relations
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• Dressed black holes in the new tensor-vector-scalar theory
• On the absence of backsplash analogues to NGC 3109 in the $\Lambda$CDM framework
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• Covariant formulation of refracted gravity
• Aether scalar tensor theory: Hamiltonian Formalism
• The dynamics of three nearby E0 galaxies in refracted gravity
• Scale-invariant dynamics in the Solar System
• Broader view of bimetric MOND
• Stealth black holes in Aether Scalar Tensor theory
• A new constant behind the rotational velocity of galaxies
• Buchdahl bound, photon ring, ISCO and radial acceleration in Einstein-æther theory
• A simple direct empirical observation of systematic bias of the redshift as a distance indicator
• Using Elliptical Galaxy Kinematics to Compare of the Strength of Gravity in Cosmological Regions of Differing Gravitational Potential -- A First Look
• MOND-like behavior in the Dirac-Milne universe -- Flat rotation curves and mass/velocity relations in galaxies and clusters
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• MOND via Matrix Gravity
• Fast particle-mesh code for Milgromian dynamics
• Cosmic backgrounds from the radio to the far-infrared: recent results and perspectives from cosmological and astrophysical surveys
• Are disks of satellites comprised of tidal dwarf galaxies?