Implications of the Neutron Star Merger GW170817 for Cosmological Scalar-Tensor Theories

Abstract

The LIGO/VIRGO collaboration has recently announced the detection of gravitational waves from a neutron star-neutron star merger (GW170817) and the simultaneous measurement of an optical counterpart (the gamma-ray burst GRB 170817A). The close arrival time of the gravitational and electromagnetic waves limits the difference in speed of photons and gravitons to be less than about one part in $10^{15}$. This has three important implications for cosmological scalar-tensor gravity theories that are often touted as dark energy candidates and alternatives to $\Lambda$CDM. First, for the most general scalar-tensor theories---beyond Horndeski models---three of the five parameters appearing in the effective theory of dark energy can now be severely constrained on astrophysical scales; we present the results of combining the new gravity wave results with galaxy cluster observations. Second, the combination with the lack of strong equivalence principle violations exhibited by the supermassive black hole in M87, constrains the quartic galileon model to be cosmologically irrelevant. Finally, we derive a new bound on the disformal coupling to photons that implies that such couplings are irrelevant for the cosmic evolution of the field.

arXiv commentfive pages, two figures, references added

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• Geometry of Multi-Flavor Galileon-Like Theories
• Noether symmetry in the Nash theory of gravity
• Bayesian Inverse Problem of Rotating Neutron Stars
• Unveiling the Galileon in a three-body system : scalar and gravitational wave production
• Comparing the luminosity distance for gravitational waves and electromagnetic signals in a simple model of quadratic gravity
• Transformation of Primordial Cosmological Perturbations Under the General Extended Disformal Transformation
• The Shape Dependence of Vainshtein Screening in the Cosmic Matter Bispectrum
• Early evolution of fully convective stars in scalar-tensor gravity
• The kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect of the large-scale structure (II): the effect of modified gravity
• Positivity bounds on reconstructed Horndeski models
• Interpretation of geodesy experiments in non-Newtonian theories of gravity
• Einstein-Cartan-Dirac gravity with $U(1)$ symmetry breaking
• Classification of Gravitational Waves in Higher-dimensional Space-time and Possibility of Observation
• Gravitational Waves and Degrees of Freedom in Higher Derivative Gravity
• Compact binary systems in Einstein-Aether gravity: Direct integration of the relaxed field equations to 2.5 post-Newtonian order
• Cosmological Tests of Gravity: A Future Perspective
• Primordial regular black holes as all the dark matter. III. Covariant canonical quantum gravity models
• Swampland Criteria and Constraints on Inflation in a $f(R,T)$ Gravity Theory
• The Parameterized Post-Newtonian-Vainshteinian formalism for the Galileon field
• Constraints on Scalar-Tensor Theory of Gravity by Solar System Tests
• Gravity waves in parity-violating Copernican Universes
• Imprint of Early Dark Energy in Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background
• Chaotic Inflation and Reheating in Generalized Scalar-Tensor Gravity
• Tailoring cosmologies in cubic shift-symmetric Horndeski gravity
• Neutrino pair annihilation above black-hole accretion disks in modified gravity
• Gravitational waves in Brans-Dicke Theory with a cosmological constant
• Linear and Second-order Geometry Perturbations on Spacetimes with Torsion
• The Effective Fluid approach for Modified Gravity and its applications
• Generalised Proca Theories in Teleparallel Gravity
• Jointly fitting weak lensing, X-ray and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich data to constrain scalar-tensor theories with clusters of galaxies
• Gravitational couplings in Chameleon models
• Robust inference of gravitational wave source parameters in the presence of noise transients using normalizing flows
• Modified gravity as a diagravitational medium
• Higher Derivative Scalar Tensor Theory in Unitary Gauge
• DHOST gravity in Ultra-diffuse galaxies -- Part II: NGC 1052-DF4 and Dragonfly 44
• On the formation of "supermassive" neutron stars and dynamical transition to spontaneous scalarization
• Probe the gravitational constant variation via the propagation of gravitational waves
• Self-tuning kinetic gravity braiding: Cosmological dynamics, shift symmetry, and the tadpole
• Revisiting Lorentz violation in Horava gravity
• Covariant formulation of refracted gravity
• Scattering of scalar, electromagnetic and gravitational waves from binary systems
• Hair-dressing Horndeski: an approach to hairy solutions in cubic Horndeski gravity
• Novel Screening with Two Bodies: Summing the ladder in disformal scalar-tensor theories
• Spin precession as a new window into disformal scalar fields
• Shift-symmetric Horndeski gravity in the asymptotic-safety paradigm
• Black holes in self-tuning cubic Horndeski cosmology
• A model-independent tripartite test of cosmic distance relations
• Fundamental Physics and Cosmology with TianQin
• Relativistic effects in the large-scale structure with effective dark energy fluids
• On the 6th Mode in Massive Gravity
• Signatures of graviton masses on the CMB
• A novel probe of graviton dispersion relations at nano-Hertz frequencies
• Higher derivative SVT theories from Kaluza-Klein reductions of Horndeski theory
• Effective speed of gravitational waves
• Simplified equations for gravitational field in the vector theory of gravity and new insights into dark energy
• Cosmology with LIGO/Virgo dark sirens: Hubble parameter and modified gravitational wave propagation
• Phenomenology of minimal theory of quasidilaton massive gravity
• Scalar Dark Energy Models and Scalar-Tensor Gravity: Theoretical Explanations for the Accelerated Expansion of Present Universe
• Prompt emission from the counter jet of a short gamma-ray burst
• Generalised scalar-tensor theories and self-tuning
• Unveiling the Universe with Emerging Cosmological Probes
• On tachyonic stability priors for dark energy
• Graviton-photon oscillation in alternative theories of gravity
• Cosmological cancellation of the vacuum energy density
• Quantum Effects in Galileon Black Holes
• Cosmological Dark sector from a Mimetic-Metric-Torsion perspective
• Constraints on higher curvature gravity from time delay between GW170817 and GRB 170817A
• Cosmology in theories with derivative matter coupling
• Testing Horndeski gravity as dark matter with $\texttt{hi_class}$
• Phase-space analysis of torsion-coupled dilatonic ghost condensate
• Cosmological test of an extended quintessence model
• Cosmology of a higher derivative scalar theory with non-minimal Maxwell coupling
• Vainshtein in the UV and a Wilsonian analysis of derivatively coupled scalars
• Baryogenesis via Gravitational Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking
• Mimetic-Metric-Torsion with induced Axial mode and Phantom barrier crossing
• Cosmological attractors to general relativity and spontaneous scalarization with disformal coupling
• Constraints on Quasi-dilaton Massive Gravity
• Strong Equivalence Principle and Gravitational Wave Polarizations in Horndeski Theory
• Scalar-tensor gravity from thermodynamic and fluid-gravity perspective
• Gravitational wave signatures from dark sector interactions
• Modified Gravity at Astrophysical Scales
• Gravitational waves from inspiralling compact binaries in conformal gravity
• Gravitational Wave luminosity distance in viscous cosmological models
• Corrections to the gravitational wave phasing
• CLAP for modified gravity: scalar instabilities in binary black hole spacetimes
• Dynamical evolution of electromagnetic perturbation in the background of a scalar hairy black hole in Horndeski theory
• Does nonlocal gravity yield divergent gravitational energy-momentum fluxes?
• Gravitoelectromagnetic quadrirefringence
• Neutron stars and the cosmological constant problem
• New model of spontaneous scalarization of black holes induced by curvature and matter
• Special Issue on Modified Gravity Approaches to the Tensions of $\Lambda$CDM: Goals and Highlights
• The speed of gravitational waves and power-law solutions in a scalar-tensor model
• Gravitational wave stochastic background in reduced Horndeski theories
• Generalized Horndeski-Like Einstein Gauss-Bonnet Inflation with Massless Primordial Gravitons
• Galileon-like vector fields
• The effective field theory of dark energy diagnostic of linear Horndeski theories after GW170817 and GRB170817A
• Oscillating solutions of the matter density contrast in Horndeski's theory
• Large black-hole scalar charges induced by cosmology in Horndeski theories
• Constraining the effective field theory of dark energy with multimessenger astronomy
• Lanczos equation on light-like hypersurfaces in a cosmologically viable class of kinetic gravity braiding theories
• On the impact of non-local gravity on compact stars
• Propagation and lensing of gravitational waves in Palatini $f(\hat{R})$ gravity
• Higher-Order Spectra of Weak Lensing Convergence Maps in Parameterized Theories of Modified Gravity
• Luminal Scalar-Tensor theories for a not so dark Dark Energy
• Recent Developments in Degenerate Higher Order Scalar Tensor Theories
• Cosmic acceleration via derivative matter couplings
• Stability Conditions for the Horndeski Scalar Field Gravity Model
• Propagating Gravitational Waves in Teleparallel Gauss-Bonnet Gravity
• Limiting the Number of Extra Dimensions with Shortcuts
• Modified propagation of gravitational waves from the early radiation era
• Primordial Gravitational Waves in Generalized Palatini Gravity
• Enhanced power of gravitational waves and rapid coalescence of black hole binaries through dark energy accretion
• Cosmological Dynamics and Double Screening of DBI Galileon Gravity
• KiDS-Legacy: Constraints on Horndeski gravity from weak lensing combined with galaxy clustering and cosmic microwave background anisotropies
• The gyroscopic frequency of metric $f(R)$ and generalised Brans-Dicke theories: constraints from Gravity Probe-B
• Considering light-matter interactions in the Friedmann equations
• Quantization of the nonstandard propagating gravitational waves in the cosmological background
• Compact scalar field solutions in EiBI gravity
• Reheating era in Gauss-Bonnet theories of gravity compatible with the GW170817 event
• Vainshtein screening in Horndeski theories nonminimally and kinetically coupled to ordinary matter
• Hubble Expansion as an Einstein Curvature
• Screening fifth forces in scalar-vector-tensor theories
• Theoretical priors in scalar-tensor cosmologies: Shift-symmetric Horndeski models
• Dynamical Shortcomings in the Generalized SU(2) Proca Theory: Challenges for Cosmic Acceleration
• More than the sum of its parts: combining parameterized tests of extreme gravity
• Higher order mimetic gravity after GW170817
• Boundary terms and Brown-York quasi-local parameters for scalar-tensor theory: a study on both timelike and null hypersurfaces
• Universal time delay in static spherically symmetric spacetimes for null and timelike signals
• Gravitational dynamics in a 2+1+1 decomposed spacetime along nonorthogonal double foliations: Hamiltonian evolution and gauge fixing
• Lyman-alpha power spectrum as a probe of modified gravity
• Quantum Bias Cosmology: Acceleration from Holographic Information Capacity
• Laser Interferometer in Presence of Scalar field on Gravitational Wave Background
• Dark matter candidate induced by Horndeski theory: dark matter halo and cosmological evolution
• Quasilocal mass and multipole expansion in scalar-tensor gravity
• Astro- and Quantum Physical Tests of Screened Scalar Fields
• Effect of spin in binary neutron star mergers
• Ten years of extreme gravity tests of general theory of relativity with gravitational-wave observations
• Cosmology of the non-local Proca theory
• Horndeski model in nonlinearly realized supergravity
• Unique gravitational wave signatures of GLPV scalar-tensor theories
• Theoretical filters for shift-symmetric Horndeski gravities
• Exact Kerr--Schild spacetimes from linearized kinetic gravity braiding
• K-essence sources of Kerr-Schild spacetimes
• An ostentatious model of cosmological scalar-tensor theory
• Conformally Invariant Scalar-Vector-Tensor Field Theories Consistent with Conservation of Charge in a Four-Dimensional Space
• Neutron stars as extreme gravity probes
• Gravitational wave interactions in ${\Lambda }_3$ models of dark energy
• Spherically symmetric, static black holes with scalar hair, and naked singularities in nonminimally coupled k-essence
• Reformulating Scalar-Tensor Field Theories as Scalar-Scalar Field Theories Using Lorentzian Cofinsler Spaces
• Damping of cosmological tensor modes in Horndeski theories after GW170817
• Challenging theories of gravitation: dark matter, compact objects and gravitational waves
• Equivalence Principle on Cosmological Backgrounds in Scalar-Tensor Theories
• Testing and Emulating Modified Gravity on Cosmological Scales
• A local Lagrangian for MOND as modified inertia
• ASAS-SN search for optical counterparts of gravitational-wave events from the third observing run of Advanced LIGO/Virgo
• Scalarized Black Holes
• Cosmic evolution in DHOST theories with scaling solutions
• Infrared Sensitivity of Cosmological Probes in Horndeski Theory
• Testing modified (Horndeski) gravity by combining intrinsic galaxyalignments with cosmic shear
• Confronting Einstein Yang Mills Higgs Dark Energy in light of observations
• Multimessenger Astronomy Beyond the Standard Model: New Window from Quantum Sensors
• Eikonal gravitational-wave lensing in Einstein-aether theory
• Light scalars in neutron star mergers
• Using Dimensional Analysis to Construct Multiple-Scalar-Vector-Tensor Cosmological Field Theories
• The role of longitudinal polarizations in Horndeski and macroscopic gravity: Introducing gravitational plasmas
• An effective fluid description of scalar-vector-tensor theories under the sub-horizon and quasi-static approximations
• DHOST gravity in Ultra-diffuse galaxies -- Part I: the case of NGC1052-DF2
• Scalar-scalar-tensor interaction in DHOST theories
• Testing gravity with the two-body problem
• The Hidden Scalar Lagrangians within Horndeski Theory
• Constraints on a cubic Galileon disformally coupled to Standard Model matter
• Implications of a high growth index on the variation of $G$
• Confusing dark matter particle properties with modifications to General Relativity
• Reconstructing ACT-compatible and GW170817-compatible Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Inflation from the Observational Indices
• New effective theories of gravitation and their phenomenological consequences
• Jacobson's thermodynamic approach to classical gravity applied to non-Riemannian geometries: remarks on the simplicity of Nature
• Inflaton vacuum fluctuations as dark matter and the potential V(phi) as dark energy
• Constraining the Nuclear Equation of State from Rotating Neutron Stars
• Marked statistics across the cosmic web: Environmental dependent clustering in modified gravity simulations
• Non-parametric exploration of minimally coupled gravity with phantom crossing
• Probing modified gravitational wave propagation with strongly lensed coalescing binaries