Dark Energy after GW170817 and GRB170817A

Abstract

The observation of GW170817 and its electromagnetic counterpart implies that gravitational waves travel at the speed of light, with deviations smaller than a few $\times 10^{-15}$. We discuss the consequences of this experimental result for models of dark energy and modified gravity characterized by a single scalar degree of freedom. To avoid tuning, the speed of gravitational waves must be unaffected not only for our particular cosmological solution, but also for nearby solutions obtained by slightly changing the matter abundance. For this to happen the coefficients of various operators must satisfy precise relations that we discuss both in the language of the Effective Field Theory of Dark Energy and in the covariant one, for Horndeski, beyond Horndeski and degenerate higher-order theories. The simplification is dramatic: of the three functions describing quartic and quintic beyond Horndeski theories, only one remains and reduces to a standard conformal coupling to the Ricci scalar for Horndeski theories. We show that the deduced relations among operators do not introduce further tuning of the models, since they are stable under quantum corrections.

5 pages, sign typos in eq. (8) fixed

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• Higher Derivative Scalar Tensor Theory in Unitary Gauge
• Jointly fitting weak lensing, X-ray and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich data to constrain scalar-tensor theories with clusters of galaxies
• Eccentricity enables the earliest warning and localization of gravitational waves with ground-based detectors
• Imprint of Early Dark Energy in Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background
• Gravitational couplings in Chameleon models
• Modified gravity as a diagravitational medium
• Covariant formulation of refracted gravity
• Shift-symmetric Horndeski gravity in the asymptotic-safety paradigm
• Extreme Mass Ratio Inspirals with Scalar Hair
• Growth of Massive Black Hole Seeds by Migration of Stellar and Primordial Black Holes: Gravitational Waves and Stochastic Background
• Novel Screening with Two Bodies: Summing the ladder in disformal scalar-tensor theories
• Probe the gravitational constant variation via the propagation of gravitational waves
• Hair-dressing Horndeski: an approach to hairy solutions in cubic Horndeski gravity
• Spin precession as a new window into disformal scalar fields
• Generalized McVittie geometry in Horndeski gravity with matter
• DHOST gravity in Ultra-diffuse galaxies -- Part II: NGC 1052-DF4 and Dragonfly 44
• Propagation of gravitational waves in various cosmological backgrounds
• Scattering of scalar, electromagnetic and gravitational waves from binary systems
• Self-tuning kinetic gravity braiding: Cosmological dynamics, shift symmetry, and the tadpole
• Revisiting Lorentz violation in Horava gravity
• Vainshtein screening for slowly rotating stars
• A model-independent tripartite test of cosmic distance relations
• Signatures of graviton masses on the CMB
• Black holes in self-tuning cubic Horndeski cosmology
• Fundamental Physics and Cosmology with TianQin
• Testing the Cubic Galileon Gravity model by the Milky Way rotation curve and SPARC data
• On the 6th Mode in Massive Gravity
• Null energy condition violation and beyond Horndeski physics in light of DESI DR2 data
• Effective speed of gravitational waves
• Stealth black hole perturbations in kinetic gravity braiding
• Cosmology with LIGO/Virgo dark sirens: Hubble parameter and modified gravitational wave propagation
• Difficulties in reconciling non-negligible differences between the local and cosmological values of the gravitational coupling in extended Brans-Dicke theories
• On tachyonic stability priors for dark energy
• Second-order peculiar velocity field as a novel probe of scalar-tensor theories
• Generalised scalar-tensor theories and self-tuning
• Constraining cosmological scaling solutions of a Galileon field
• Unveiling the Universe with Emerging Cosmological Probes
• Where is the ringdown? Reconstructing quasinormal modes from dispersive waves
• Strong Gravitational Lensing in Horndeski theory
• A new test of gravity -- I: Introduction to the method
• Higher derivative SVT theories from Kaluza-Klein reductions of Horndeski theory
• A novel probe of graviton dispersion relations at nano-Hertz frequencies
• Scalar Dark Energy Models and Scalar-Tensor Gravity: Theoretical Explanations for the Accelerated Expansion of Present Universe
• On the Coupling of Generalized Proca Fields to Degenerate Scalar-Tensor Theories
• Universal relation between the variances of distortions of gravitational waves owing to gravitational lensing
• Prompt emission from the counter jet of a short gamma-ray burst
• Constraints on higher curvature gravity from time delay between GW170817 and GRB 170817A
• Weak-lensing tunnel voids in simulated light cones: A new pipeline to investigate modified gravity and massive neutrinos signatures
• Testing Horndeski gravity as dark matter with $\texttt{hi_class}$
• Baryogenesis via Gravitational Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking
• Cosmology of a higher derivative scalar theory with non-minimal Maxwell coupling
• Two-body problem in theories with kinetic screening
• Gravitational waves from inspiralling compact binaries in conformal gravity
• Strong Equivalence Principle and Gravitational Wave Polarizations in Horndeski Theory
• Cosmology in theories with derivative matter coupling
• Vainshtein in the UV and a Wilsonian analysis of derivatively coupled scalars
• Cosmological attractors to general relativity and spontaneous scalarization with disformal coupling
• Cosmological test of an extended quintessence model
• Vainshtein Mechanism in Generalised Massive Gravity
• Non-trivial time crystal-like ground state for gravitational perturbation in quadratic gravity
• Cosmological cancellation of the vacuum energy density
• Scalar-tensor gravity from thermodynamic and fluid-gravity perspective
• Gravitational wave signatures from dark sector interactions
• Modified Gravity at Astrophysical Scales
• General analysis of Noether symmetries in Horndeski gravity
• A theory of dark energy that matches dark matter
• Graviton-photon oscillation in alternative theories of gravity
• A new test of gravity -- II: Application of marked correlation functions to luminous red galaxy samples
• Dynamical evolution of electromagnetic perturbation in the background of a scalar hairy black hole in Horndeski theory
• Gravitational Wave luminosity distance in viscous cosmological models
• Neutron stars and the cosmological constant problem
• Modified gravity versus shear viscosity: imprints on the scalar matter perturbations
• New model of spontaneous scalarization of black holes induced by curvature and matter
• CLAP for modified gravity: scalar instabilities in binary black hole spacetimes
• Domain walls in Horndeski gravity
• Searching for new physics in the solar system with tetrahedral spacecraft formations
• The speed of gravitational waves and power-law solutions in a scalar-tensor model
• Shrouded black holes in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity
• Gravitational wave stochastic background in reduced Horndeski theories
• Generalized Horndeski-Like Einstein Gauss-Bonnet Inflation with Massless Primordial Gravitons
• Probing Particle Physics with Gravitational Waves
• Corrections to the gravitational wave phasing
• Galileon-like vector fields
• The effective field theory of dark energy diagnostic of linear Horndeski theories after GW170817 and GRB170817A
• Does nonlocal gravity yield divergent gravitational energy-momentum fluxes?
• Gravitoelectromagnetic quadrirefringence
• Modified propagation of gravitational waves from the early radiation era
• Stability Conditions for the Horndeski Scalar Field Gravity Model
• A Bright Future? Prospects for Cosmological Tests of GR with Multimessenger Gravitational Wave Events
• Data-driven approach for modeling the temporal and spectral evolution of kilonova systematic uncertainties
• Lanczos equation on light-like hypersurfaces in a cosmologically viable class of kinetic gravity braiding theories
• Luminal Scalar-Tensor theories for a not so dark Dark Energy
• Oscillating solutions of the matter density contrast in Horndeski's theory
• Gravitational wave background from primordial black holes in globular clusters
• Higher-Order Spectra of Weak Lensing Convergence Maps in Parameterized Theories of Modified Gravity
• On the impact of non-local gravity on compact stars
• Numerical implementation of the Cubic Galileon model in PINOCCHIO
• Propagating Gravitational Waves in Teleparallel Gauss-Bonnet Gravity
• Cosmic acceleration via derivative matter couplings
• Large black-hole scalar charges induced by cosmology in Horndeski theories
• Constraining the effective field theory of dark energy with multimessenger astronomy
• Unified Dark Energy and Dark Matter from Dynamical Spacetime Cosmology
• The gyroscopic frequency of metric $f(R)$ and generalised Brans-Dicke theories: constraints from Gravity Probe-B
• K-mouflage at high $k$: extending the reach of $\text{Hi-COLA}$
• Extended Gravity Constraints at Different Scales
• Compact scalar field solutions in EiBI gravity
• A Post-Newtonian Analysis of Regularized 4D-EGB Theory: Complete Set of PPN Parameters and Observational Constraints
• Perturbations in Regularized Lovelock Gravity
• Quantization of the nonstandard propagating gravitational waves in the cosmological background
• Vainshtein screening in Horndeski theories nonminimally and kinetically coupled to ordinary matter
• What to expect: kilonova light curve predictions via equation of state marginalization
• Equatorial orbits and imaging of hairy cubic Galileon black holes
• What laboratory experiments can teach us about cosmology: A chameleon example
• Dark matter candidate induced by Horndeski theory: dark matter halo and cosmological evolution
• Theoretical priors in scalar-tensor cosmologies: Shift-symmetric Horndeski models
• On phenomenological parametrizations for the luminosity distance of gravitational waves
• Fast Generation of Weak Lensing Maps in Modified Gravity with COLA
• Cosmology of the non-local Proca theory
• Lyman-alpha power spectrum as a probe of modified gravity
• Solar System Experiments in the Search for Dark Energy and Dark Matter
• Ten years of extreme gravity tests of general theory of relativity with gravitational-wave observations
• Eckart heat-flux applicability in $F(\Phi ,X)R$ theories and the existence of temperature gradients
• Gravitational dynamics in a 2+1+1 decomposed spacetime along nonorthogonal double foliations: Hamiltonian evolution and gauge fixing
• Dynamical hair growth in black hole binaries in Einstein-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity
• Light-like shockwaves in scalar-tensor theories
• Non-screening of the Cosmological Background in K-mouflage modified gravity
• Dynamical Shortcomings in the Generalized SU(2) Proca Theory: Challenges for Cosmic Acceleration
• Quasilocal mass and multipole expansion in scalar-tensor gravity
• More than the sum of its parts: combining parameterized tests of extreme gravity
• Detection probability of light compact binary mergers in future observing runs of the current ground-based gravitational wave detector network
• Exact Kerr--Schild spacetimes from linearized kinetic gravity braiding
• Eikonal gravitational-wave lensing in Einstein-aether theory
• Horndeski model in nonlinearly realized supergravity
• Cosmic evolution in DHOST theories with scaling solutions
• Unique gravitational wave signatures of GLPV scalar-tensor theories
• Theoretical filters for shift-symmetric Horndeski gravities
• Illuminating the Dark Sector: Understanding Modified Gravity Signatures with Cross-Correlations of Gravitational Waves and Large-Scale Structure
• Cosmological scalar perturbations in Horndeski-like gravity
• K-essence sources of Kerr-Schild spacetimes
• Testing modified (Horndeski) gravity by combining intrinsic galaxyalignments with cosmic shear
• Neutron stars as extreme gravity probes
• An ostentatious model of cosmological scalar-tensor theory
• Reformulating Scalar-Tensor Field Theories as Scalar-Scalar Field Theories Using Lorentzian Cofinsler Spaces
• Gravitational wave interactions in ${\Lambda }_3$ models of dark energy
• Spherically symmetric, static black holes with scalar hair, and naked singularities in nonminimally coupled k-essence
• Infrared Sensitivity of Cosmological Probes in Horndeski Theory
• Gravitational wave from cosmic inflation in a gravity with two small four-derivative corrections
• Thick branes in Horndeski gravity
• Challenging theories of gravitation: dark matter, compact objects and gravitational waves
• Equivalence Principle on Cosmological Backgrounds in Scalar-Tensor Theories
• Confronting Einstein Yang Mills Higgs Dark Energy in light of observations
• Damping of cosmological tensor modes in Horndeski theories after GW170817
• Horndeski in motion
• An effective fluid description of scalar-vector-tensor theories under the sub-horizon and quasi-static approximations
• Hairy Waves: Gravitational Waves in the presence of Screening Mechanism
• Instability of the cosmological DBI-Galileon in the non-relativistic limit
• Light scalars in neutron star mergers
• New effective theories of gravitation and their phenomenological consequences
• Accelerated expansion as manifestation of gravity: when Dark Energy belongs to the left
• The role of longitudinal polarizations in Horndeski and macroscopic gravity: Introducing gravitational plasmas
• Testing gravity with the two-body problem
• Nonlinear matter terms in general scalar-tensor braneworld cosmology
• Exact pp-wave solutions in shift-symmetric higher-order scalar-tensor theories
• The Hidden Scalar Lagrangians within Horndeski Theory
• Constraints on a cubic Galileon disformally coupled to Standard Model matter
• Non-minimal Effective Scalar-Tensor Gravity in the Early Universe
• Scalar-scalar-tensor interaction in DHOST theories
• Comparison of Quasinormal Modes of Black Holes in $f(\mathbb{T})$ and $f(\mathbb{Q})$ Gravity
• Constraining Scalar Charge in Neutron Stars through Gravitational Wave Signals from NSBH Mergers
• Reconstructing ACT-compatible and GW170817-compatible Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Inflation from the Observational Indices
• Jacobson's thermodynamic approach to classical gravity applied to non-Riemannian geometries: remarks on the simplicity of Nature
• Marked statistics across the cosmic web: Environmental dependent clustering in modified gravity simulations
• Non-parametric exploration of minimally coupled gravity with phantom crossing
• Cavendish experiment with fast radio bursts on cosmological scales
• Implications of a high growth index on the variation of $G$
• Astrophysical or Terrestrial: Machine learning classification of gravitational-wave candidates using multiple-search information
• Covariant single-field formulation of effective cosmological bounces
• Probing modified gravitational wave propagation with strongly lensed coalescing binaries
• Scalar Cherenkov radiation from high-energy cosmic rays
• Einstein gravity as a theory with a SL(2,C) connection double copy
• Early Warning From Eccentric Compact Binaries: Template Initialization And Sub-dominant Mode Effects
• DHOST gravity in Ultra-diffuse galaxies -- Part I: the case of NGC1052-DF2
• Inflaton vacuum fluctuations as dark matter and the potential V(phi) as dark energy