Testing the Early Universe with Anisotropies of the Gravitational Wave Background

Abstract

In this work we analyse in detail the possibility of using small and intermediate-scale gravitational wave anisotropies to constrain the inflationary particle content. First, we develop a phenomenological approach focusing on anisotropies generated by primordial tensor-tensor-scalar and purely gravitational non-Gaussianities. We highlight the quantities that play a key role in determining the detectability of the signal. To amplify the power of anisotropies as a probe of early universe physics, we consider cross-correlations with CMB temperature anisotropies. We assess the size of the signal from inflationary interactions against so-called induced anisotropies. In order to arrive at realistic estimates, we obtain the projected constraints on the non-linear primordial parameter $F_{\mathrm{NL}}$ for several upcoming gravitational wave probes in the presence of the astrophysical gravitational wave background. We further illustrate our findings by considering a concrete inflationary realisation and use it to underscore a few subtleties in the phenomenological analysis.

47 pages, 16 figures

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• Large Spin-2 Signals at the Cosmological Collider
• CLASS_GWB: robust modeling of the astrophysical gravitational wave background anisotropies
• Primordial Non-Gaussianity $f_{\mathrm{NL}}$ and Anisotropies in Scalar-Induced Gravitational Waves
• Enhancing gravitational wave anisotropies with peaked scalar sources
• Complete analysis of the background and anisotropies of scalar-induced gravitational waves: primordial non-Gaussianity $f_{\mathrm{NL}}$ and $g_{\mathrm{NL}}$ considered
• Doppler boosting the stochastic gravitational wave background
• New universal property of cosmological gravitational wave anisotropies
• Anisotropies in Scalar-Induced Gravitational-Wave Background from Inflaton-Curvaton Mixed Scenario with Sound Speed Resonance
• Unraveling Cosmological Anisotropies within Stochastic Gravitational Wave Backgrounds
• Primordial Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background Anisotropies: in-in Formalization and Applications
• Probing parity-odd bispectra with anisotropies of GW $V$ modes
• Angular bispectrum and trispectrum of scalar-induced gravitational waves: all contributions from primordial non-Gaussianity $f_{\mathrm{NL}}$ and $g_{\mathrm{NL}}$
• Primordial tensor bispectra in $\mu$-CMB cross-correlations
• On the response of the Einstein Telescope to Doppler anisotropies
• Induced gravitational waves from statistically anisotropic scalar perturbations
• Anisotropies of cosmological gravitational wave backgrounds in non-flat spacetime
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• Astrometry meets Pulsar Timing Arrays: Synergies for Gravitational Wave Detection
• Study of primordial non-Gaussianity $f_{\mathrm{NL}}$ and $g_{\mathrm{NL}}$ with the cross-correlations between the scalar-induced gravitational waves and the cosmic microwave background
• Stochastic gravitational wave background anisotropies from inflation with non-Bunch-Davies states
• Antipodal Angular Correlations of Inflationary Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background
• Primordial gravitational waves from excited states
• Test of the Statistical Isotropy of the Universe using Gravitational Waves