A model-independent tripartite test of cosmic distance relations

Abstract

Cosmological distances are fundamental observables in cosmology. The luminosity ($D_L$), angular diameter ($D_A$) and gravitational wave ($D_{\mathrm{GW}}$) distances are all trivially related in General Relativity assuming no significant absorption of photons in the extragalactic medium, also known as cosmic opacity. Supernovae have long been the main cosmological standard candle, but bright standard sirens are now a proven alternative, with the advantage of not requiring calibration with other astrophysical sources. Moreover, they can also measure deviations from modified gravity through discrepancies between $D_L$ and $D_{\mathrm{GW}}$. However, both gravitational and cosmological parameters are degenerate in the Hubble diagram, making it hard to properly detect beyond standard model physics. Finally, recently a model-independent method named FreePower was proposed to infer angular diameter distances from large-scale structure which is independent of the knowledge of both early universe and dark energy physics. In this paper we propose a tripartite test of the ratios of these three distances with minimal amount of assumptions regarding cosmology, the early universe, cosmic opacity and modified gravity. We proceed to forecast this test with a combination of LSST and Roman supernovae, Einstein Telescope bright sirens and a joint DESI-like + Euclid-like galaxy survey. We find that even in this very model-independent approach we will be able to detect, in each of many redshift bins, percent-level deviations in these ratios of distances, allowing for very precise consistency checks of $\Lambda$CDM and standard physics. It can also result in sub-percent measurements of $H_0$.

23 pages, 3 figures, 4 tables

References in corpus (43)

• GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral
• Advanced Virgo: a 2nd generation interferometric gravitational wave detector
• Cosmic Star Formation History
• Advanced LIGO
• Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
• The DESI Experiment Part I: Science,Targeting, and Survey Design
• A gravitational-wave standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant
• Wide-Field InfrarRed Survey Telescope-Astrophysics Focused Telescope Assets WFIRST-AFTA 2015 Report
• Dark Energy after GW170817: dead ends and the road ahead
• Strong constraints on cosmological gravity from GW170817 and GRB 170817A
• Implications of the Neutron Star Merger GW170817 for Cosmological Scalar-Tensor Theories
• Exploring gravitational theories beyond Horndeski
• Maximal freedom at minimum cost: linear large-scale structure in general modifications of gravity
• The clustering of galaxies in the completed SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Anisotropic galaxy clustering in Fourier-space
• DESI Bright Galaxy Survey: Final Target Selection, Design, and Validation
• Constraints on the cosmic expansion history from GWTC-3
• Determination of Dark Energy by the Einstein Telescope: Comparing with CMB, BAO and SNIa Observations
• Anisotropic stress as signature of non-standard propagation of gravitational waves
• On the use of the local prior on the absolute magnitude of Type Ia supernovae in cosmological inference
• The NANOGrav 15-year Data Set: Bayesian Limits on Gravitational Waves from Individual Supermassive Black Hole Binaries
• Testing the Distance-Duality Relation with Galaxy Clusters and Type Ia Supernovae
• Spectral sirens: cosmology from the full mass distribution of compact binaries
• Consistency among distance measurements: transparency, BAO scale and accelerated expansion
• Cosmology and modified gravitational wave propagation from binary black hole population models
• Massive black hole binaries in LISA: multimessenger prospects and electromagnetic counterparts
• Multi-messenger Time-domain Signatures Of Supermassive Black Hole Binaries
• Generalized framework for testing gravity with gravitational-wave propagation. III. Future prospect
• Current and future constraints on cosmology and modified gravitational wave friction from binary black holes
• Testing the Etherington's distance duality relation at higher redshifts: the combination of radio quasars and gravitational waves
• Gravitational wave propagation in $f(R)$ models: New parametrizations and observational constraints
• A Reference Survey for Supernova Cosmology with the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
• Multi-Messenger Astrophysics with Pulsar Timing Arrays
• Constraining axionlike particles using the distance-duality relation
• The 6x2pt method: supernova velocities meet multiple tracers
• The lure of sirens: joint distance and velocity measurements with third generation detectors
• Lunar Laser Ranging Science
• Testing gravity with gravitational wave friction and gravitational slip
• Fisher matrix for the one-loop galaxy power spectrum: measuring expansion and growth rates without assuming a cosmological model
• No slip gravity in light of LISA standard sirens
• GWDALI: A Fisher-matrix based software for gravitational wave parameter-estimation beyond Gaussian approximation
• Improving precision and accuracy in cosmology with model-independent spectrum and bispectrum
• Luminosity distance uncertainties from gravitational wave detections by third generation observatories
• Gravitational wave stochastic background in reduced Horndeski theories

Cited by in corpus (4)

• The Science of the Einstein Telescope
• A robust cosmic standard ruler from the cross-correlations of galaxies and dark sirens
• Revisiting model-independent constraints on spatial curvature and cosmic ladders calibration: updated and forecast analyses
• A model-independent measurement of the expansion and growth rates from BOSS using the FreePower method