Testing General Relativity in Cosmology

Abstract

We review recent developments and results in testing general relativity (GR) at cosmological scales. The subject has witnessed rapid growth during the last two decades with the aim of addressing the question of cosmic acceleration and the dark energy associated with it. However, with the advent of precision cosmology, it has also become a well-motivated endeavor by itself to test gravitational physics at cosmic scales. We overview cosmological probes of gravity, formalisms and parameterizations for testing deviations from GR at cosmological scales, selected modified gravity (MG) theories, gravitational screening mechanisms, and computer codes developed for these tests. We then provide summaries of recent cosmological constraints on MG parameters and selected MG models. We supplement these cosmological constraints with a summary of implications from the recent binary neutron star merger event. Next, we summarize some results on MG parameter forecasts with and without astrophysical systematics that will dominate the uncertainties. The review aims at providing an overall picture of the subject and an entry point to students and researchers interested in joining the field. It can also serve as a quick reference to recent results and constraints on testing gravity at cosmological scales.

Invited review article for Living Reviews in Relativity. 201 pages, 17 figures. Matches published version

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• Towards unveiling the large-scale nature of gravity with the wavelet scattering transform
• The full-sky Spherical Fourier-Bessel power spectrum in general relativity
• Primordial Black Hole-Neutron Star Merger Rate in Modified Gravity
• A representation learning approach to probe for dynamical dark energy in matter power spectra
• Data-driven and Almost Model-independent Reconstruction of Modified Gravity
• The Effective Fluid approach for Modified Gravity and its applications
• Non-local gravity in bouncing cosmology scenarios
• Bounds on the Horndeski Gauge-Gravity Coupling
• Effective Potential of Scalar-Tensor Gravity
• Aether-quasi-dilaton massive gravity
• Multi-horizons black hole solutions, photon sphere and perihelion shift in weak ghost-free Gauss-Bonnet theory of gravity
• Fast numerical method to generate halo catalogs in modified gravity (part I): second-order Lagrangian Perturbation Theory
• Cosmological fluids with boundary term couplings
• Perturbation Spectra of Warm Inflation in $f(Q,T)$ Gravity
• Gravitational Radiation from Eccentric Binary Black Hole System in Dynamical Chern-Simons Gravity
• Shift-symmetric Horndeski gravity in the asymptotic-safety paradigm
• Study on the mapping of halo clustering from real space to redshift space
• Scale-Dependent Gravitational Couplings in Parameterised Post-Newtonian Cosmology
• Towards an optimal marked correlation function analysis for the detection of modified gravity
• Exploring Modified Gravity: Constraints on the $\mu$ and $\Sigma$ Parametrization with WMAP, ACT, and SPT
• Reconstruction of the dark energy scalar field potential by Gaussian process
• Euclid preparation LXXI. Simulations and nonlinearities beyond $\mathsf{\Lambda }$CDM. 3. Constraints on $f(R)$ models from the photometric primary probes
• Galileon scalar electrodynamics
• Scalar field as a null dust
• Testing modified gravity scenarios with direct peculiar velocities
• Singling out modified gravity parameters and datasets reveals a dichotomy between Planck and lensing
• Constraining modified gravity scenarios with the 6dFGS and SDSS galaxy peculiar velocity datasets
• Toward a more stringent test of gravity with redshift space power spectrum: simultaneous probe of growth and amplitude of large-scale structure
• Reproducing the asymptotic behaviour of galaxy rotation curves by a novel constraint in general relativity
• Testing $f(T)$ Gravity with Cosmological Observations: Confronting the Hubble Tension and Implications for the Late-Time Universe
• Spectral lines of dirty wormholes
• Uncalibrated Cosmic Standards as a Robust Test on Late-Time Cosmological Models
• Thermodynamic phase transition and Joule-Thomson expansion of a quantum corrected black hole in AdS spacetime
• Energy-momentum squared symmetric Teleparallel gravity: $f(Q,T_{\mu \nu }{T}^{\mu \nu })$ gravity
• Cosmological test of an extended quintessence model
• Constraints on higher curvature gravity from time delay between GW170817 and GRB 170817A
• Probing the Spin-Induced Quadrupole Moment of Massive Black Holes with the Inspiral of Binary Black Holes
• The momentum constraint equation in Parameterised Post-Newtonian Cosmology
• Weak-lensing tunnel voids in simulated light cones: A new pipeline to investigate modified gravity and massive neutrinos signatures
• Dark Energy in the DESI Era: A Brief Review of Evidence, Beyond-$\Lambda$CDM Interpretations, and Tensions
• Compact Binary Merger Rate with Modified Gravity in Dark-Matter Spikes
• Imprint of f(R) gravity in the cosmic magnification
• Special Issue on Modified Gravity Approaches to the Tensions of $\Lambda$CDM: Goals and Highlights
• Teleparallel dark energy in a nonflat universe
• Ricci-Determinant Gravity: Dynamical Aspects and Astrophysical Implications
• The Impact of ${\Omega }_{m0}$ Prior Bias on Cosmological Parameter Estimation: Reconciling DESI DR2 BAO and Pantheon+ SNe Data Combination Results
• On variations of $G$ in the geometric scalar theory of gravity
• Cosmological constraints from the EFT power spectrum and tree-level bispectrum of 21cm intensity maps
• Dynamics of holographic dark energy with apparent-horizon cutoff and non-minimal derivative coupling gravity in non-flat FLRW universe
• Quantization of Einstein-aether Scalar field Cosmology
• Numerical implementation of the Cubic Galileon model in PINOCCHIO
• Tidal Love Numbers of Neutron Stars in Horndeski Theories
• THESEUS$-$BTA cosmological tests using Multimessenger Gamma-Ray Bursts observations
• Universal expansion with spatially varying $G$
• Constrain the linear scalar perturbation theory of Cotton gravity
• New method of exponential potentials reconstruction based on given scale factor in phantonical two-field models
• The Schönberg-Chandrasekhar limit in presence of small anisotropy and modified gravity
• The scalar-torsion gravity corrections in the first-order inflationary models
• Probing General Relativity in galactic scales at z $\sim 0.3$
• The quantization of Proca fields on globally hyperbolic spacetimes: Hadamard states and Møller operators
• In-in correlators and scattering amplitudes on a causal set
• Cosmological Solutions of Chameleon Scalar Field Model
• Probing Fundamental Physics with Gravitational Waves
• Cosmology in holographic non-minimal derivative coupling theory: constraints from inflation and variation of gravitational constant
• Clusternets: A deep learning approach to probe clustering dark energy
• Kinetic recoupling of dark matter
• A Post-Newtonian Analysis of Regularized 4D-EGB Theory: Complete Set of PPN Parameters and Observational Constraints
• Principal Components for Model-Agnostic Modified Gravity with 3x2pt
• Observational constraints on the Kerr and its several single-parameter modified spacetimes using quasi-periodic oscillation data
• Epicyclic oscillations and accretion disk around a special Buchdahl-inspired spacetime
• Testing beyond-Kerr spacetimes with GWTC-3
• Innermost stable circular orbits of neutron stars in dilatonic-Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory
• Classical and quantum cosmology of $K$-essentially modified $R^2$ and pure $R^p$ gravity
• Compact scalar field solutions in EiBI gravity
• Exploring Scalarized Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Theories Through the Lens of Parametrized Post-Newtonian Formalism
• Quasilocal mass and multipole expansion in scalar-tensor gravity
• Thermal channels of scalar and tensor waves in Jordan-frame scalar--tensor gravity
• Emergent Lorentzian dispersion relations from a Euclidean scalar-tensor theory
• Recent bounds on graviton mass using galaxy clusters
• Probing gravity with the DES-CMASS sample and BOSS spectroscopy
• Propagation of anisotropic gravitational and electromagnetic waves at very high energies
• Using Elliptical Galaxy Kinematics to Compare of the Strength of Gravity in Cosmological Regions of Differing Gravitational Potential -- A First Look
• Cosmological perturbations in the energy-momentum squared gravity theory: constraints from gravitational wave standard sirens and redshift space distortions
• Novel black holes with scalar hair in the Einstein-Maxwell-Scalar Theory with positive coupling
• On the KG-constrained general disformal transformation of the Einstein-Hilbert action
• Astro- and Quantum Physical Tests of Screened Scalar Fields
• Chameleon Gravity as an Alternative to Dark Matter
• Testing Gauss-Bonnet Gravity with DESI BAO Data
• Dark energy with oscillatory tracking potential: Observational Constraints and Perturbative effects
• Shadow constraints of charged black hole with scalar hair and gravitational waves from extreme mass ratio inspirals
• Cosmological dynamics of holographic dark energy with non-minimally coupled scalar field
• A New Paradigm for Testing Gravity: Theory-Independent Constraints Using Data From All Astrophysical and Cosmological Scales
• Cosmological dynamical systems of non-minimally coupled fluids and scalar fields
• The Cosmological Impact of Brane-Chern-Simons Massive Gravity
• Compact binary system dynamics at the second post-Newtonian order: analytical formula of the coordinate time for eccentric and circular orbits
• Illuminating the Dark Sector: Understanding Modified Gravity Signatures with Cross-Correlations of Gravitational Waves and Large-Scale Structure
• Probing dynamical embeddings in a five-dimensional spacetime in light of DESI BAO
• Higgs-Induced Screening Mechanisms in Scalar-Tensor Theories
• Analytical coordinate time at the second post-Newtonian order
• Exploring the self-tuning of the cosmological constant from Planck mass variation
• Gravity from the Determinant of the Energy-Momentum: Astrophysical Implications
• Correlation of structure growth index with current cosmic acceleration: constraints on dark energy models
• Hybrid metric-Palatini gravity: Regular stringlike configurations
• An ostentatious model of cosmological scalar-tensor theory
• Testing weakest force with coldest spot
• Damping of cosmological tensor modes in Horndeski theories after GW170817
• Constraining Scalar Charge in Neutron Stars through Gravitational Wave Signals from NSBH Mergers
• Probing beyond-Horndeski gravity on ultra-large scales
• Hybrid $P_{\ell }(k)$: general, unified, non-linear matter power spectrum in redshift space
• Propagation and emission of gravitational waves in the weak-field limit within the Palatini formalism
• Regularized Black Hole Solution from a New String Cloud Source
• Origin & evolution of the Universe
• First Light: Switching on Stars at the Dawn of Time
• Cavendish experiment with fast radio bursts on cosmological scales
• The initial value problem for gravitational waves in conformal gravity
• gr-Orbit-Toolkit: A Python-Based Software for Simulating and Visualizing Relativistic Orbits
• Cosmic magnification in beyond-Horndeski gravity
• Cosmology with the Roman Space Telescope -- Synergies with CMB lensing
• Noether currents in theories with higher derivatives and theories with differential field transformation in action (DFTA)
• Constraining beyond $\Lambda$CDM models with 21cm intensity mapping forecast observations combined with latest CMB data
• Viscous effect in the late time evolution of phantom universe
• Metric Field as Emergence of Hilbert Space
• Evolution of matter perturbations in the context of cosmic slowing down
• Revisiting the equation of state of dark energy from DESI BAO with SNe Ia and CMB
• Hamilton-Jacobi analysis of noncanonical inflation in $f(R,T)$ gravity: Constraints from Planck/ACT data, and theoretical bounds