Tension of the $E_G$ statistic and RSD data with Planck/$\Lambda$CDM and implications for weakening gravity

Abstract

The $E_G$ statistic is a powerful probe for detecting deviations from GR by combining weak lensing (WL), real-space clustering and redshift space distortion (RSD) measurements thus probing both the lensing and the growth effective Newton constants ($G_L$ and $G_{eff}$). We construct an up to date compilation of $E_G$ statistic data including both redshift and scale dependence ($E_G(R,z)$). We combine this $E_G$ data compilation with an up to date compilation of $f{\sigma }_8$ data from RSD observations to identify the current level of tension between the Planck/$\Lambda$CDM standard model based on general relativity and a general model independent redshift evolution parametrization of $G_L$ and $G_{eff}$. Each $f{\sigma }_8$ datapoint considered has been published separately in the context of independent analyses of distinct galaxy samples. However, there are correlations among the datapoints considered due to overlap of the analyzed galaxy samples. Due to these correlations the derived levels of tension of the best fit parameters with Planck/$\Lambda$CDM are somewhat overestimated but this is the price to pay for maximizing the information encoded in the compilation considered. We find that the level of tension increases from about $3.5\sigma$ for the $f{\sigma }_8$ data compilation alone to about $6\sigma$ when the $E_G$ data are also included in the analysis. The direction of the tension is the same as implied by the $f{\sigma }_8$ RSD growth data alone (lower ${\Omega }_m$ and/or weaker effective Newton constant at low redshifts for both the lensing and the growth effective Newton constants ($G_L$ and $G_{eff}$)). These results further amplify the hints for weakening modified gravity discussed in other recent analyses.

arXiv comment24 pages, 10 Figures. Published extended version (3 additional figures, additional less correlated dataset analysed). The data and the Mathematica data analysis files may be downloaded from http://leandros.physics.uoi.gr/egfs8plots.zip

References in corpus (168)

• Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant
• Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae
• Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters
• Seven-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Cosmological Interpretation
• Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Cosmological Interpretation
• Nine-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Cosmological Parameter Results
• Unified cosmic history in modified gravity: from F(R) theory to Lorentz non-invariant models
• Modified Gravity and Cosmology
• The Confrontation between General Relativity and Experiment
• Extended Theories of Gravity
• The clustering of galaxies in the completed SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: cosmological analysis of the DR12 galaxy sample
• Modified Gravity Theories on a Nutshell: Inflation, Bounce and Late-time Evolution
• The Cosmological Constant
• Weak Gravitational Lensing
• A 2.4% Determination of the Local Value of the Hubble Constant
• Large-Scale Structure of the Universe and Cosmological Perturbation Theory
• The clustering of galaxies in the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Baryon Acoustic Oscillations in the Data Release 10 and 11 galaxy samples
• Cosmological Perturbation Theory in the Synchronous vs. Conformal Newtonian Gauge
• Cosmological Perturbation Theory in the Synchronous and Conformal Newtonian Gauges
• The 3D power spectrum of galaxies from the SDSS
• Models of f(R) Cosmic Acceleration that Evade Solar-System Tests
• Cosmological Constraints from the SDSS Luminous Red Galaxies
• Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: Cosmological Constraints from Galaxy Clustering and Weak Lensing
• KiDS-450: Cosmological parameter constraints from tomographic weak gravitational lensing
• Cosmology and Fundamental Physics with the Euclid Satellite
• Cluster Abundance Constraints on Quintessence Models
• The WiggleZ Dark Energy Survey: Joint measurements of the expansion and growth history at z < 1
• Everything You Always Wanted To Know About The Cosmological Constant Problem (But Were Afraid To Ask)
• Cosmology and fundamental physics with the Euclid satellite
• Cosmic Growth History and Expansion History
• CFHTLenS: The Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Lensing Survey
• Cosmological Tests of Modified Gravity
• Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: Cosmological Constraints from Cosmic Shear
• Milky Way Cepheid Standards for Measuring Cosmic Distances and Application to Gaia DR2: Implications for the Hubble Constant
• Cosmology with cosmic shear observations: a review
• The Large Scale Structure of f(R) Gravity
• The 6dF Galaxy Survey: z \approx 0 measurement of the growth rate and sigma_8
• Cosmological Constraints from the SDSS maxBCG Cluster Catalog
• Testing General Relativity in Cosmology
• Scalar-tensor gravity in an accelerating universe
• Measuring the dark side (with weak lensing)
• Parameterized Beyond-Einstein Growth
• A discriminating probe of gravity at cosmological scales
• Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: Constraints on Extended Cosmological Models from Galaxy Clustering and Weak Lensing
• Reconstructing the history of structure formation using redshift distortions
• H0LiCOW - IX. Cosmographic analysis of the doubly imaged quasar SDSS 1206+4332 and a new measurement of the Hubble constant
• Interpreting large-scale redshift-space distortion measurements
• The clustering of galaxies in the completed SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Anisotropic galaxy clustering in Fourier-space
• Planck 2015 results. XIV. Dark energy and modified gravity
• The clustering of galaxies in the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: RSD measurement from the power spectrum and bispectrum of the DR12 BOSS galaxies
• Crossing the Phantom Divide: Theoretical Implications and Observational Status
• Properties of galaxy dark matter halos from weak lensing
• The pattern of growth in viable f(R) cosmologies
• Confirmation of general relativity on large scales from weak lensing and galaxy velocities
• Modeling the Anisotropic Two-Point Galaxy Correlation Function on Small Scales and Improved Measurements of H(z), D_A(z), and f(z)sigma_8(z) from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR7 Luminous Red Galaxies
• Systematic errors in weak lensing: application to SDSS galaxy-galaxy weak lensing
• The VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS). Galaxy clustering and redshift-space distortions at z=0.8 in the first data release
• f(R) Gravity and Chameleon Theories
• Distinguishing Modified Gravity from Dark Energy
• A Lower Growth Rate from Recent Redshift Space Distortion Measurements than Expected from Planck
• Aspects of the cosmological "coincidence problem"
• Cosmological Tests of Gravity
• Linear Redshift Distortions: A Review
• Matter density perturbations and effective gravitational constant in modified gravity models of dark energy
• KiDS-450 + 2dFLenS: Cosmological parameter constraints from weak gravitational lensing tomography and overlapping redshift-space galaxy clustering
• Planck 2015 results. XV. Gravitational lensing
• The Clustering of the SDSS Main Galaxy Sample II: Mock galaxy catalogues and a measurement of the growth of structure from Redshift Space Distortions at $z=0.15$
• The Clustering of Galaxies in the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS): measuring growth rate and geometry with anisotropic clustering
• Cosmic flows in the nearby universe from Type Ia Supernovae
• Searching for modified growth patterns with tomographic surveys
• The Subaru FMOS galaxy redshift survey (FastSound). IV. New constraint on gravity theory from redshift space distortions at $z\sim 1.4$
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): improved cosmic growth measurements using multiple tracers of large-scale structure
• Evolution of the $f{\sigma }_8$ tension with the Planck15/$\Lambda$CDM determination and implications for modified gravity theories
• Tension and constraints on modified gravity parametrizations of $G_{\text{eff}}(z)$ from growth rate and Planck data
• Probing the interaction between dark matter and dark energy in the presence of massive neutrinos
• The clustering of the SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey DR14 quasar sample: a tomographic measurement of cosmic structure growth and expansion rate based on optimal redshift weights
• The Clustering of Galaxies in the SDSS-III DR9 Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Testing Deviations from $\Lambda$ and General Relativity using anisotropic clustering of galaxies
• Scalar-Tensor Models of Normal and Phantom Dark Energy
• Reconciling CMB and structure growth measurements with dark energy interactions
• Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: Redshift distributions of the weak lensing source galaxies
• KiDS-450: The tomographic weak lensing power spectrum and constraints on cosmological parameters
• The VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS): The growth of structures at $0.5<z<1.2$ from redshift-space distortions in the clustering of the PDR-2 final sample
• Relativistic effects and dark matter in the Solar system from observations of planets and spacecraft
• CFHTLenS: Testing the Laws of Gravity with Tomographic Weak Lensing and Redshift Space Distortions
• Local Gravity versus Local Velocity: Solutions for $\beta$ and nonlinear bias
• Testing General Relativity with Current Cosmological Data
• On the Growth of Perturbations as a Test of Dark Energy
• The clustering of galaxies in the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: cosmological implications of the full shape of the clustering wedges in the data release 10 and 11 galaxy samples
• Weak Lensing Probes of Modified Gravity
• Mass Calibration and Cosmological Analysis of the SPT-SZ Galaxy Cluster Sample Using Velocity Dispersion ${\sigma }_v$ and X-ray $Y_{\text{X}}$ Measurements
• The growth rate of cosmic structure from peculiar velocities at low and high redshifts
• On the growth of linear perturbations
• How to optimally parametrize deviations from General Relativity in the evolution of cosmological perturbations
• Observational constraints on one-parameter dynamical dark-energy parametrizations and the $H_0$ tension
• Testing $\Lambda$CDM at the lowest redshifts with SN Ia and galaxy velocities
• Observables and unobservables in dark energy cosmologies
• The clustering of galaxies in the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: single-probe measurements from CMASS anisotropic galaxy clustering
• The clustering of the SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey DR14 quasar sample: structure growth rate measurement from the anisotropic quasar power spectrum in the redshift range $0.8<z<2.2$
• Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: Galaxy clustering for combined probes
• Probing modifications of General Relativity using current cosmological observations
• Growth of Cosmic Structure: Probing Dark Energy Beyond Expansion
• $f(T)$ gravity after GW170817 and GRB170817A
• Beyond BAO: improving cosmological constraints from BOSS with measurement of the void-galaxy cross-correlation
• Crossing the Phantom Divide
• The growth of matter perturbations in f(R) models
• Observational constraints on viable f(R) parametrizations with geometrical and dynamical probes
• The clustering of galaxies in the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: measuring structure growth using passive galaxies
• Growth rate of cosmological perturbations at z ~ 0.1 from a new observational test
• Density perturbations for running vacuum: a successful approach to structure formation and to the ${\sigma }_8$-tension
• The VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS). Gravity test from the combination of redshift-space distortions and galaxy-galaxy lensing at $0.5<z<1.2$
• The VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey: Measuring the growth rate of structure around cosmic voids
• 2MTF VI. Measuring the velocity power spectrum
• The growth of matter perturbations in some scalar-tensor DE models
• Unraveling the effective fluid approach for $f(R)$ models in the subhorizon approximation
• Complementarity of Weak Lensing and Peculiar Velocity Measurements in Testing General Relativity
• Cosmological Hints of Modified Gravity ?
• The clustering of the SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey DR14 quasar sample: anisotropic clustering analysis in configuration-space
• RCSLenS: Testing gravitational physics through the cross-correlation of weak lensing and large-scale structure
• Coupled quintessence with a $\Lambda$CDM background: removing the ${\sigma }_8$ tension
• Constraining Gravity at the Largest Scales through CMB Lensing and Galaxy Velocities
• No Slip Gravity
• The Redshift Space Momentum Power Spectrum II: measuring the growth rate from the combined 2MTF and 6dFGSv surveys
• The Limits of Extended Quintessence
• Confronting General Relativity with Further Cosmological Data
• Relaxing the ${\sigma }_8$-tension through running vacuum in the Universe
• Model-independent reconstruction of the linear anisotropic stress $\eta$
• KiDS+2dFLenS+GAMA: Testing the cosmological model with the $E_{\mathrm{G}}$ statistic
• Mapping the Real Space Distributions of Galaxies in SDSS DR7: II. Measuring the growth rate, clustering amplitude of matter and biases of galaxies at redshift $0.1$
• Banana Split: Testing the Dark Energy Consistency with Geometry and Growth
• The clustering of galaxies in the completed SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: constraining modified gravity
• The clustering of galaxies in the completed SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: a tomographic analysis of structure growth and expansion rate from anisotropic galaxy clustering
• The clustering of the SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey DR14 LRG sample: structure growth rate measurement from the anisotropic LRG correlation function in the redshift range 0.6 < z < 1.0
• Dark Energy and Neutrino Masses from Future Measurements of the Expansion History and Growth of Structure
• Designing Horndeski and the effective fluid approach
• Probing Dark Energy through Scale Dependence
• Searching for Modified Gravity: Scale and Redshift Dependent Constraints from Galaxy Peculiar Velocities
• Cosmological constraints and comparison of viable $f(R)$ models
• Hints of Modified Gravity in Cosmos and in the Lab?
• Testing Dark energy models in the light of ${\sigma }_8$ tension
• Testing gravity on large scales by combining weak lensing with galaxy clustering using CFHTLenS and BOSS CMASS
• Combining weak lensing tomography and spectroscopic redshift surveys
• Probing gravity with a joint analysis of galaxy and CMB lensing and SDSS spectroscopy
• Constraints on modified gravity from the observed X-ray luminosity function of galaxy clusters
• Optimising growth of structure constraints on modified gravity
• The VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS): An unbiased estimate of the growth rate of structure at $⟨\mathbf{z}⟩=0.85$ using the clustering of luminous blue galaxies
• Possibility of realizing weak gravity in redshift space distortion measurements
• Parametrized modified gravity constraints after Planck
• Probing gravity at large scales through CMB lensing
• The VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS): Unbiased clustering estimate with VIPERS slit assignment
• COSMOS weak-lensing constraints on modified gravity
• Measuring gravity at cosmological scales
• Accuracy of the growth index in the presence of dark energy perturbations
• Speed from light: growth rate and bulk flow at z ~ 0.1 from improved SDSS DR13 photometry
• One Gravitational Potential or Two? Forecasts and Tests
• Consistency of Modified Gravity with a decreasing $G_{\mathrm{eff}}(z)$ in a $\Lambda$CDM background
• Evolution of Dark Energy Perturbations in Scalar-Tensor Cosmologies
• Testing gravity with $E_G$: mapping theory onto observations
• On the current status of Modified Gravity
• Testing gravity with galaxy-galaxy lensing and redshift-space distortions using CFHT-Stripe 82, CFHTLenS and BOSS CMASS datasets
• Testing gravity on cosmological scales with cosmic shear, cosmic microwave background anisotropies, and redshift-space distortions
• Does Quartessence Ease Tensions?
• When is the growth index constant?
• Lensing corrections to the $E_g(z)$ statistics from large scale structure
• Observable Predictions for Massive-Neutrino Cosmologies with Model-Independent Dark Energy
• Constraining Cosmic Expansion and Gravity with Galaxy Redshift Surveys
• The observable $E_g$ statistics
• Lunar Laser Ranging Contributions to Relativity and Geodesy
• Geometric and growth rate tests of General Relativity with recovered linear cosmological perturbations

Cited by in corpus (54)

• Challenges for $\Lambda$CDM: An update
• Arbitrating the $S_8$ discrepancy with growth rate measurements from Redshift-Space Distortions
• $H_0$ Tension, Phantom Dark Energy and Cosmological Parameter Degeneracies
• A rapid transition of $G_{\mathrm{eff}}$ at $z_t\simeq 0.01$ as a solution of the Hubble and growth tensions
• A $w-M$ phantom transition at $z_t<0.1$ as a resolution of the Hubble tension
• Hubble tension or a transition of the Cepheid SnIa calibrator parameters?
• Hints of a Local Matter Underdensity or Modified Gravity in the Low $z$ Pantheon data
• Late-transition vs smooth $H(z)$ deformation models for the resolution of the Hubble crisis
• Late time approaches to the Hubble tension deforming $H(z)$, worsen the growth tension
• Brans-Dicke cosmology with a $\Lambda$- term: a possible solution to $\Lambda$CDM tensions
• Observational constraints on the deceleration parameter in a tilted universe
• Quantifying the $S_8$ tension and evidence for interacting dark energy from redshift-space distortion measurements
• $\Lambda$CDM Tensions: Localising Missing Physics through Consistency Checks
• Inferring $S_8(z)$ and $\gamma (z)$ with cosmic growth rate measurements using machine learning
• $S_8$ increases with effective redshift in $\Lambda$CDM cosmology
• Hints of dark energy anisotropic stress using Machine Learning
• The minimally extended Varying Speed of Light (meVSL)
• Cosmology Intertwined: A Review of the Particle Physics, Astrophysics, and Cosmology Associated with the Cosmological Tensions and Anomalies
• The Hubble Tension, The $M$ Crisis of Late Time $H(z)$ Deformation Models and the Reconstruction of Quintessence Lagrangians
• Machine learning constraints on deviations from general relativity from the large scale structure of the Universe
• Cosmographic view on the $H_0$ and ${\sigma }_8$ tensions
• Minimal theory of massive gravity in the light of CMB data and the $S_8$ tension
• Gravitational transitions via the explicitly broken symmetron screening mechanism
• New cosmological constraints on $f(T)$ gravity in light of full Planck-CMB and type Ia supernovae data
• New late-time constraints on $f(R)$ gravity
• Cosmological constraints on non-adiabatic dark energy perturbations
• Current constraints on deviations from General Relativity using binning in redshift and scale
• Hints for possible low redshift oscillation around the best fit $\Lambda$CDM model in the expansion history of the Universe
• Mapping the ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}$CDM scenario to $f(T)$ modified gravity: Effects on structure growth rate
• Machine Learning and cosmographic reconstructions of quintessence and the Swampland conjectures
• The $S_8$ Tension in Light of Updated Redshift-Space Distortion Data and PAge Approximation
• Differentiating dark interactions with perturbation
• The growth factor parametrization versus numerical solutions in flat and non-flat dark energy models
• Post-Newtonian $\gamma$-like parameters and the gravitational slip in scalar-tensor and $f(R)$ theories
• Is gravity getting weaker at low z? Observational evidence and theoretical implications
• Testing the growth rate in homogeneous and inhomogeneous interacting vacuum models
• Linear matter density perturbations in the ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}$CDM model: Examining growth dynamics and addressing the $S_8$ tension
• Weak gravity on a $\Lambda$CDM background
• Reconstructing the growth index $\gamma$ with Gaussian Processes
• Cosmological framework for renormalization group extended gravity at the action level
• Constraining viscous fluid models in $f(Q)$ gravity with data
• An unbiased method of measuring the ratio of two data sets
• Testing $f(T)$ Gravity with Cosmological Observations: Confronting the Hubble Tension and Implications for the Late-Time Universe
• Special Issue on Modified Gravity Approaches to the Tensions of $\Lambda$CDM: Goals and Highlights
• Viability of general relativity and modified gravity cosmologies using high-redshift cosmic probes
• Revisiting Varying Speed of Light in Cosmology: Insights from the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker Metric
• Effect of redshift bin mismatch on cross correlation between DESI Legacy Imaging Survey and Planck CMB lensing potential
• Cosmology with Cosmic Voids
• Towards a Composite Framework for Simultaneous Exploration of New Physics in Background and Perturbed Universe
• Perturbation Theory in the Minimally Extended Varying Speed of Light (meVSL) Model
• Implications of $f(R)$ gravity on late-time cosmic structure growth through a complete description of density perturbations
• Perturbations In Some Dark Energy Models
• Evolution of matter perturbations in the context of cosmic slowing down
• Testing Scale-Dependent Suppression of Structure Growth in the Linear Regime