The Clustering of Galaxies in the SDSS-III DR9 Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Testing Deviations from $\Lambda$ and General Relativity using anisotropic clustering of galaxies

Abstract

We use the joint measurement of geometry and growth from anisotropic galaxy clustering in the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey Data Release 9 CMASS sample reported by Reid et al. to constrain dark energy properties and possible deviations from the General Relativity. Assuming GR and taking a prior on the linear matter power spectrum at high redshift from the cosmic microwave background (CMB), anisotropic clustering of the CMASS DR9 galaxies alone constrains ${\Omega }_{\mathrm{m}}=0.308\pm 0.022$ and $100{\Omega }_{\mathrm{k}}=5.9\pm 4.8$ for $w=-1$, or $w=-0.91\pm 0.12$ for ${\Omega }_k=0$. When combined with the full CMB likelihood, the addition of the anisotropic clustering measurements to the spherically-averaged BAO location increases the constraining power on dark energy by a factor of 4 in a flat CDM cosmology with constant dark energy equation of state $w$ (giving $w=-0.87\pm 0.05$). This impressive gain depends on our measurement of both the growth of structure and Alcock-Paczynski effect, and is not realised when marginalising over the amplitude of redshift space distortions. Combining with both the CMB and Supernovae Type Ia (SNeIa), we find ${\Omega }_{\mathrm{m}}=0.281\pm 0.014$ and $1000{\Omega }_{\mathrm{k}}=-9.2\pm 5.0$ for $w=-1$, or $w_0=-1.13\pm 0.12$ and $w_{\mathrm{a}}=0.65\pm 0.36$ assuming ${\Omega }_k=0$. Finally, when a $\Lambda$CDM background expansion is assumed, the combination of our estimate of the growth rate with previous growth measurements provides tight constraints on the parameters describing possible deviations from GR giving $\gamma =0.64\pm 0.05$. For one parameter extensions of the flat $\Lambda$CDM model, we find a $\sim 2\sigma$ preference either for $w>-1$ or slower growth than in GR. However, the data is fully consistent with the concordance model, and the evidence for these additional parameters is weaker than $2\sigma$.

16 pages, 13 figures, 5 tables. Matches published version

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