$\Lambda$CDM Tensions: Localising Missing Physics through Consistency Checks

Abstract

$\Lambda$CDM tensions are by definition model dependent; one sees anomalies through the prism of $\Lambda$CDM. Thus, progress towards tension resolution necessitates checking the consistency of the $\Lambda$CDM model to localise missing physics either in redshift or scale. Since the Universe is dynamical and redshift is a proxy for time, it is imperative to first perform consistency checks involving redshift, then consistency checks involving scale, as the next steps to settle the ``systematics versus new physics" debate and foster informed model building. We present a review of the hierarchy of assumptions underlying the $\Lambda$CDM cosmological model and comment on whether relaxing them can address the tensions. We focus on the lowest lying fruit of identifying missing physics through the identification of redshift dependent $\Lambda$CDM model fitting parameters. We highlight recent progress made on $S_8:={\sigma }_8\sqrt{{\Omega }_{\mathrm{m}}/0.3}$ tension and elucidate how similar progress can be made on $H_0$ tension. Our discussions indicate that $H_0$ tension, equivalently a redshift dependent $H_0$, and a redshift dependent $S_8$ imply a problem with background $\Lambda$CDM cosmology.

arXiv comment10 page commentary (a review with interpretation) on Lambda-CDM tensions; comments welcome on the physical picture and literature omissions; v2 references updated; v3 matches published version

References in corpus (203)

• Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant
• Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae
• The Cosmological Constant and Dark Energy
• Modified Gravity and Cosmology
• The Confrontation between General Relativity and Experiment
• Final Results from the Hubble Space Telescope Key Project to Measure the Hubble Constant
• The Complete Light-curve Sample of Spectroscopically Confirmed Type Ia Supernovae from Pan-STARRS1 and Cosmological Constraints from The Combined Pantheon Sample
• Exploring the Expansion History of the Universe
• Accelerating Universes with Scaling Dark Matter
• Dark energy cosmology: the equivalent description via different theoretical models and cosmography tests
• A Comprehensive Measurement of the Local Value of the Hubble Constant with 1 km/s/Mpc Uncertainty from the Hubble Space Telescope and the SH0ES Team
• In the Realm of the Hubble tension $-$ a Review of Solutions
• The Completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Cosmological Implications from two Decades of Spectroscopic Surveys at the Apache Point observatory
• The Pantheon+ Analysis: Cosmological Constraints
• A gravitational-wave standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant
• Dark Energy Survey Year 3 Results: Cosmological Constraints from Galaxy Clustering and Weak Lensing
• H0LiCOW XIII. A 2.4% measurement of $H_0$ from lensed quasars: $5.3\sigma$ tension between early and late-Universe probes
• Early Dark Energy Can Resolve The Hubble Tension
• Raising the bar: new constraints on the Hubble parameter with cosmic chronometers at z$\sim$2
• Tests of the Gravitational Inverse-Square Law below the Dark-Energy Length Scale
• Constraining Cosmological Parameters Based on Relative Galaxy Ages
• Challenges for $\Lambda$CDM: An update
• Tests of General Relativity with Binary Black Holes from the second LIGO-Virgo Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog
• KiDS-1000 Cosmology: Cosmic shear constraints and comparison between two point statistics
• The Hubble Hunter's Guide
• Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: Cosmological Constraints from Cosmic Shear
• CFHTLenS tomographic weak lensing cosmological parameter constraints: Mitigating the impact of intrinsic galaxy alignments
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: DR4 Maps and Cosmological Parameters
• Dark Matter and Dark Energy Interactions: Theoretical Challenges, Cosmological Implications and Observational Signatures
• Planck evidence for a closed Universe and a possible crisis for cosmology
• A population of red candidate massive galaxies ~600 Myr after the Big Bang
• Measurements of the Hubble Constant: Tensions in Perspective
• Cosmology from cosmic shear power spectra with Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam first-year data
• Dynamical dark energy in light of the latest observations
• The $H_0$ Olympics: A fair ranking of proposed models
• Carnegie Hubble Program: A Mid-Infrared Calibration of the Hubble Constant
• Two Remarkably Luminous Galaxy Candidates at $z\approx 10-12$ Revealed by JWST
• Reconstruction of dark energy and expansion dynamics using Gaussian processes
• Can interacting dark energy solve the $H_0$ tension?
• Calibration of the Tip of the Red Giant Branch (TRGB)
• On the Hubble constant tension in the SNe Ia Pantheon sample
• Curvature tension: evidence for a closed universe
• TDCOSMO IV: Hierarchical time-delay cosmography -- joint inference of the Hubble constant and galaxy density profiles
• The Megamaser Cosmology Project. XIII. Combined Hubble constant constraints
• Seven hints that early-time new physics alone is not sufficient to solve the Hubble tension
• The Power of General Relativity
• Interacting dark energy in the early 2020s: a promising solution to the $H_0$ and cosmic shear tensions
• CMB Anomalies after Planck
• Early results from GLASS-JWST. III: Galaxy candidates at z$\sim$9-15
• Applications of Bayesian model selection to cosmological parameters
• Stress Testing $\Lambda$CDM with High-redshift Galaxy Candidates
• A measurement of large-scale peculiar velocities of clusters of galaxies: results and cosmological implications
• A Lower Growth Rate from Recent Redshift Space Distortion Measurements than Expected from Planck
• Gaussian Process Cosmography
• An Improved Distance to NGC 4258 and its Implications for the Hubble Constant
• A Test of the Cosmological Principle with Quasars
• Discovery and properties of ultra-high redshift galaxies ($9<z<12$) in the JWST ERO SMACS 0723 Field
• Acoustic Dark Energy: Potential Conversion of the Hubble Tension
• CFHTLenS revisited: assessing concordance with Planck including astrophysical systematics
• A general test of the Copernican Principle
• Is the Observable Universe Consistent with the Cosmological Principle?
• New Test of the Gravitational $1/r^2$ Law at Separations down to 52 $\mu$m
• Elucidating $\Lambda$CDM: Impact of Baryon Acoustic Oscillation Measurements on the Hubble Constant Discrepancy
• A Hubble Diagram for Quasars
• On the evolution of the Hubble constant with the SNe Ia Pantheon Sample and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations: a feasibility study for GRB-cosmology in 2030
• Is the Hubble tension a hint of AdS phase around recombination?
• Evolution of the $f{\sigma }_8$ tension with the Planck15/$\Lambda$CDM determination and implications for modified gravity theories
• TDCOSMO. I. An exploration of systematic uncertainties in the inference of $H_0$ from time-delay cosmography
• Tension and constraints on modified gravity parametrizations of $G_{\text{eff}}(z)$ from growth rate and Planck data
• Nonparametric Dark Energy Reconstruction from Supernova Data
• New Early Dark Energy
• Eppur è piatto? The cosmic chronometer take on spatial curvature and cosmic concordance
• Baryon Acoustic Oscillations and the Hubble Constant: Past, Present and Future
• Arbitrating the $S_8$ discrepancy with growth rate measurements from Redshift-Space Distortions
• Probing cosmic isotropy with a new X-ray galaxy cluster sample through the $L_{\text{X}}-T$ scaling relation
• Does Hubble Tension Signal a Breakdown in FLRW Cosmology?
• A non-linear solution to the $S_8$ tension?
• The Hubble series: Convergence properties and redshift variables
• Quasars as standard candles III. Validation of a new sample for cosmological studies
• The Hubble Constant from Infrared Surface Brightness Fluctuation Distances
• Graduated dark energy: Observational hints of a spontaneous sign switch in the cosmological constant
• Cosmic radio dipole from NVSS and WENSS
• Running Hubble Tension and a H0 Diagnostic
• Update on Coupled Dark Energy and the $H_0$ tension
• Tension between the power spectrum of density perturbations measured on large and small scales
• Is there an early Universe solution to Hubble tension?
• DES Y3 + KiDS-1000: Consistent cosmology combining cosmic shear surveys
• Large peculiar motion of the solar system from the dipole anisotropy in sky brightness due to distant radio sources
• A Challenge to the Standard Cosmological Model
• A precise extragalactic test of General Relativity
• The Local Perspective on the Hubble Tension: Local Structure Does Not Impact Measurement of the Hubble Constant
• Nonparametric Reconstruction of the Dark Energy Equation of State
• INFLATION WITH VARIABLE OMEGA
• Rock 'n' Roll Solutions to the Hubble Tension
• A measurement of the Hubble constant from Type II supernovae
• Relaxing cosmological tensions with a sign switching cosmological constant
• Is Local $H_0$ At Odds With Dark Energy EFT?
• Joint analysis of 6dFGS and SDSS peculiar velocities for the growth rate of cosmic structure and tests of gravity
• An improved model-independent assessment of the late-time cosmic expansion
• New constraint on Early Dark Energy from Planck and BOSS data using the profile likelihood
• Constraints on the Hubble constant from Supernova Refsdal's reappearance
• Power of Observational Hubble Parameter Data: a Figure of Merit Exploration
• New Observational $H(z)$ Data from Full-Spectrum Fitting of Cosmic Chronometers in the LEGA-C Survey
• A larger value for $H_0$ by an evolving gravitational constant
• Evolution of dark energy reconstructed from the latest observations
• A statistical standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant from the LIGO/Virgo gravitational wave compact object merger GW190814 and Dark Energy Survey galaxies
• Revisiting the NVSS number count dipole
• Constraints on a Bianchi type I spacetime extension of the standard $\Lambda$CDM model
• Cosmicflows 4: The Calibration of Optical and Infrared Tully-Fisher Relations
• Revealing Intrinsic Flat $\Lambda$CDM Biases with Standardizable Candles
• Using The Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation to Measure $H_o$
• Cosmological implications of the anisotropy of ten galaxy cluster scaling relations
• Setting the Stage for Cosmic Chronometers. I. Assessing the Impact of Young Stellar Populations on Hubble Parameter Measurements
• The KBC void and Hubble tension contradict $\Lambda$CDM on a Gpc scale $-$ Milgromian dynamics as a possible solution
• Cosmic flows in the nearby Universe: new peculiar velocities from SNe and cosmological constraints
• Evidence for a Lower Value for $H_0$ from Cosmic Chronometers Data?
• Hints of FLRW Breakdown from Supernovae
• Analyzing the Large-Scale Bulk Flow using CosmicFlows4: Increasing Tension with the Standard Cosmological Model
• Using the tilted flat-$\Lambda$CDM and the untilted non-flat $\Lambda$CDM inflation models to measure cosmological parameters from a compilation of observational data
• The Cosmic Radio Dipole: Estimators and Frequency Dependence
• Can we have inflation with Omega > 1?
• Cosmography and flat $\Lambda$CDM tensions at high redshift
• TDCOSMO. XII. Improved Hubble constant measurement from lensing time delays using spatially resolved stellar kinematics of the lens galaxy
• GAIA Cepheid parallaxes and 'Local Hole' relieve $H_0$ tension
• Standard Clocks, Orbital Precession and the Cosmological Constant
• Using quasar X-ray and UV flux measurements to constrain cosmological model parameters
• Relaxing cosmological tensions with a sign switching cosmological constant: Improved results with Planck, BAO, and Pantheon data
• Searching for black hole echoes from the LIGO-Virgo Catalog GWTC-1
• Insensitivity of The Distance Ladder Hubble Constant Determination to Cepheid Calibration Modeling Choices
• Quantifying the $S_8$ tension with the Redshift Space Distortion data set
• Determining $H_0$ with Bayesian hyper-parameters
• Can late-time extensions solve the $H_0$ and ${\sigma }_8$ tensions?
• Hubble tension or a transition of the Cepheid SnIa calibrator parameters?
• Evidence for suppression of structure growth in the concordance cosmological model
• A new perspective on Dark Energy modeling via Genetic Algorithms
• Determining the range of validity of quasar X-ray and UV flux measurements for constraining cosmological model parameters
• A standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant using gravitational wave events from the first three LIGO/Virgo observing runs and the DESI Legacy Survey
• Can dark energy be dynamical?
• Evidence of a decreasing trend for the Hubble constant
• Dark Energy Survey Year 3 results: Cosmological constraints from galaxy clustering and galaxy-galaxy lensing using the MagLim lens sample
• A fast test to assess the impact of marginalization in Monte Carlo analyses, and its application to cosmology
• Cosmological constraints on post-Newtonian parameters in effectively massless scalar-tensor theories of gravity
• On the homogeneity of SnIa absolute magnitude in the Pantheon+ sample
• What can Machine Learning tell us about the background expansion of the Universe?
• Model-independent reconstruction of the Interacting Dark Energy Kernel: Binned and Gaussian process
• Tension of the $E_G$ statistic and RSD data with Planck/$\Lambda$CDM and implications for weakening gravity
• A 5% measurement of the Hubble constant from Type II supernovae
• The $H_0$ tension: $\Delta G_N$ vs. $\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}$
• More out of less: an excess integrated Sachs-Wolfe signal from supervoids mapped out by the Dark Energy Survey
• The Hubble Tension Revisited: Additional Local Distance Ladder Uncertainties
• Quasar standardization: Overcoming Selection Biases and Redshift Evolution
• Cosmological parameter inference with Bayesian statistics
• Explaining Cosmological Anisotropy: Evidence for Causal Horizons from CMB data
• The Impact of Peculiar Velocities on the Estimation of the Hubble Constant from Gravitational Wave Standard Sirens
• Testing spatial curvature and anisotropic expansion on top of the $\Lambda$CDM model
• Effect of the cosmological constant on the bending of light and the cosmological lens equation
• The Hubble constant from eight time-delay galaxy lenses
• Testing the effect of $H_0$ on $f{\sigma }_8$ tension using a Gaussian Process method
• Directional Variations of Cosmological Parameters from the Planck CMB Data
• Testing the Mutual Consistency of the Pantheon and SDSS/eBOSS BAO Data Sets with Gaussian Processes
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Cosmology from cross-correlations of unWISE galaxies and ACT DR6 CMB lensing
• CONNECT: A neural network based framework for emulating cosmological observables and cosmological parameter inference
• Revealing the late-time transition of $H_0$: relieve the Hubble crisis
• $S_8$ increases with effective redshift in $\Lambda$CDM cosmology
• Evaluating bulk flow estimators for CosmicFlows-4 measurements
• Cosmic troublemakers: the Cold Spot, the Eridanus Supervoid, and the Great Walls
• Growth of Cosmic Structure
• A simultaneous solution to the Hubble tension and observed bulk flow within 250 $h^{-1}$ Mpc
• A large disparity in cosmic reference frames determined from the sky distributions of radio sources and the microwave background radiation
• The first simultaneous measurement of Hubble constant and post-Newtonian parameter from Time-Delay Strong Lensing
• Model selection applied to reconstructions of the Dark Energy
• Generalised model-independent characterisation of strong gravitational lenses IV: formalism-intrinsic degeneracies
• The DES view of the Eridanus supervoid and the CMB Cold Spot
• Evidence for a high-z ISW signal from supervoids in the distribution of eBOSS quasars
• Note on the perihelion/periastron advance due to cosmological constant
• Can high-redshift Hubble diagrams rule out the standard model of cosmology in the context of cosmographic method?
• Neural network reconstructions for the Hubble parameter, growth rate and distance modulus
• An effective description of Laniakea: impact on cosmology and the local determination of the Hubble constant
• Dipole Cosmology: The Copernican Paradigm Beyond FLRW
• Tomographic Alcock-Paczynski Test with Redshift-Space Correlation Function: Evidence for the Dark Energy Equation of State Parameter w>-1
• Do the observational data favor a local void?
• Can varying the gravitational constant alleviate the tensions ?
• Neural Network Reconstruction of $H^{\prime }(z)$ and its application in Teleparallel Gravity
• Cosmological parameter estimation with Genetic Algorithms
• Can the Distance-Redshift Relation Be Determined from Correlations Between Luminosities?
• First Identification of a CMB Lensing Signal Produced by $1.5$ Million Galaxies at $z\sim$4: Constraints on Matter Density Fluctuations at High Redshift
• The Cosmic Dipole in the Quaia Sample of Quasars: A Bayesian Analysis
• Measuring the Hubble Constant with cosmic chronometers: a machine learning approach
• Generalised model-independent characterisation of strong gravitational lenses VI: the origin of the formalism intrinsic degeneracies and their influence on $H_0$
• Neural Networks Optimized by Genetic Algorithms in Cosmology
• Neural network reconstruction of cosmology using the Pantheon compilation
• Constraining Dark Energy from Local Group dynamics
• Effect of extinction on quasar luminosity distances determined from UV and X-ray flux measurements
• Cosmic topology. Part I. Limits on orientable Euclidean manifolds from circle searches
• The cosmological star formation history from the Local Cosmological Volume of galaxies and constraints on the matter homogeneity
• On the tension between growth rate and CMB data
• The CMB Cold Spot as predicted by foregrounds around nearby galaxies
• The X-ray Luminosity Function Evolution of Quasars and the Correlation Between the X-ray and Ultraviolet Luminosities
• Cosmic topology. Part IIa. Eigenmodes, correlation matrices, and detectability of orientable Euclidean manifolds
• Dark Energy as a Critical Period in Binary Motion: Bounds from Multi-scale Binaries
• Testing the consistency of early and late cosmological parameters with BAO and CMB data
• Determining Cosmological-model-independent $H_0$ with Gravitationally Lensed Supernova Refsdal
• Isolating the linear signal when making redshift space distortion measurements

Cited by in corpus (27)

• Robust Preference for Dynamical Dark Energy in DESI BAO and SN Measurements
• Nonparametric late-time expansion history reconstruction and implications for the Hubble tension in light of recent DESI and type Ia supernovae data
• The state of the dark energy equation of state circa 2023
• Model-independent cosmological inference post DESI DR1 BAO measurements
• Multidimensionality of the Hubble tension: the roles of ${\Omega }_m$ and ${\omega }_c$
• Cosmological constraints on ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}$CDM scenario in a type II minimally modified gravity
• ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}$CDM cosmology: Alleviating major cosmological tensions by predicting standard neutrino properties
• Does DESI DR2 challenge $\Lambda$CDM paradigm ?
• Reconciling $S_8$: Insights from Interacting Dark Sectors
• Unexplored regions in teleparallel $f(T)$ gravity: Sign-changing dark energy density
• Linear matter density perturbations in the ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}$CDM model: Examining growth dynamics and addressing the $S_8$ tension
• Do we need wavelets in the late Universe?
• Imprints of screened dark energy on nonlocal quantum correlations
• ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}$CDM cosmology from a type-II minimally modified gravity
• Revisiting CPL with sign-switching density: To cross or not to cross the NECB
• Lensing amplitude anomaly and varying electron mass alleviate the Hubble and $S_8$ tensions
• Special Issue on Modified Gravity Approaches to the Tensions of $\Lambda$CDM: Goals and Highlights
• Constructing Viable Interacting Dark Matter and Dark Energy Models: A Dynamical Systems Approach
• Beyond LambdaCDM: How the Hubble tension challenges early universe physics
• Gravitational Lensing of Dark Energy Models and $\Lambda$CDM Using Observational data in Loop Quantum Cosmology
• Dark energy, spatial curvature, and star formation efficiency from JWST photometric and spectroscopic high-redshift galaxies
• Asymmetry in galaxy spin directions: a fully reproducible experiment using HSC data
• Nonlinear Matter Power Spectrum from relativistic $N$-body Simulations: ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}$CDM versus $\Lambda$CDM
• Probing dynamical embeddings in a five-dimensional spacetime in light of DESI BAO
• Modifying $\Lambda$CDM dynamics via out-of-equilibrium axions: reconciling SH0ES and DESI $H_0$ values
• Background-level reconstruction of scalar-field potentials from dark-energy histories and comparison with analytic potential families
• Void spin distribution as a powerful probe of ${\sigma }_8$