Seven hints that early-time new physics alone is not sufficient to solve the Hubble tension

Abstract

The Hubble tension has now grown to a level of significance which can no longer be ignored and calls for a solution which, despite a huge number of attempts, has so far eluded us. Significant efforts in the literature have focused on early-time modifications of $\Lambda$CDM, introducing new physics operating prior to recombination and reducing the sound horizon. In this opinion paper I argue that early-time new physics alone will always fall short of fully solving the Hubble tension. I base my arguments on seven independent hints, related to 1) the ages of the oldest astrophysical objects, 2) considerations on the sound horizon-Hubble constant degeneracy directions in cosmological data, 3) the important role of cosmic chronometers, 4) a number of ``descending trends'' observed in a wide variety of low-redshift datasets, 5) the early integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect as an early-time consistency test of $\Lambda$CDM, 6) early-Universe physics insensitive and uncalibrated cosmic standard constraints on the matter density, and finally 7) equality wavenumber-based constraints on the Hubble constant from galaxy power spectrum measurements. I argue that a promising way forward should ultimately involve a combination of early- and late-time (but non-local -- in a cosmological sense, i.e. at high redshift) new physics, as well as local (i.e. at $z\sim 0$) new physics, and I conclude by providing reflections with regards to potentially interesting models which may also help with the $S_8$ tension.

arXiv comment39 pages, 18 sub-figures arranged into 11 figures, most of which reproduced (with permission) from other works, many references, "alone" is the keyword here. A very pictorial summary of the whole paper is in Fig. 11, not made by me. Accepted for publication in Universe as an invited opinion/review paper in the special issue "Modified Gravity Approaches to the Tensions of ΛCDM"

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• Touch of Neutrinos on the Vacuum Metamorphosis: is the $H_0$ Solution Back?
• Minimal dark energy: key to sterile neutrino and Hubble constant tensions?
• Revisiting Metastable Dark Energy and Tensions in the Estimation of Cosmological Parameters
• Can small-scale baryon inhomogeneities resolve the Hubble tension? An investigation with ACT DR4
• Updating non-standard neutrinos properties with Planck-CMB data and full-shape analysis of BOSS and eBOSS galaxies
• Cosmic expansion parametrization: Implication for curvature and ${\text{H}}_0$ tension
• Varying fundamental constants principal component analysis: additional hints about the Hubble tension
• Probing the properties of relic neutrinos using the cosmic microwave background, the Hubble Space Telescope and galaxy clusters
• The Hubble Tension, The $M$ Crisis of Late Time $H(z)$ Deformation Models and the Reconstruction of Quintessence Lagrangians
• Small-scale clumping at recombination and the Hubble tension
• A new way to explore cosmological tensions using gravitational waves and strong gravitational lensing
• Theoretical and observational bounds on some interacting vacuum energy scenarios
• Effects of the Axion Through the Higgs Portal on Primordial Gravitational Waves During the Electroweak Breaking
• Weak cosmic growth in coupled dark energy with a Lagrangian formulation
• Hubble tension bounds the GUP and EUP parameters
• Stepped Partially Acoustic Dark Matter, Large Scale Structure, and the Hubble Tension
• $H_0$ Tension and the Phantom Regime: A Case Study In Terms of an Infrared $f(T)$ Gravity
• Measuring the sound horizon and absolute magnitude of SNIa by maximizing the consistency between low-redshift data sets
• Exploring dark matter microphysics with galaxy surveys
• Toward a concordance teleparallel Cosmology I: Background Dynamics
• Constraints on $\gamma$-CDM interactions matching the Planck data precision
• A new coupled three-form dark energy model and implications for the $H_0$ tension
• Confronting interacting dark radiation scenarios with cosmological data
• Smoothing the $H_0$ tension with a dynamical dark energy model
• Exploration of interacting dynamical dark energy model with interaction term including the equation-of-state parameter: alleviation of the $H_0$ tension
• Cosmology With Low-Redshift Observations: No Signal For New Physics
• Testing dark energy after pre-recombination early dark energy
• No-go guide for late-time solutions to the Hubble tension: Matter perturbations
• Do you smell something decaying? Updated linear constraints on decaying dark matter scenarios
• A Dark Matter Trigger for Early Dark Energy Coincidence
• Comprehensive Study of Neutrino-Dark Matter Mixed Damping
• Fractional Dark Matter decay: cosmological imprints and observational constraints
• Hubble tension as a guide for refining the early Universe: Cosmologies with explicit local Lorentz and diffeomorphism violation
• Entropic corrections to Friedmann equations and bouncing universe due to the zero-point length
• $H_0$ Ex Machina: Vacuum Metamorphosis and Beyond $H_0$
• Cosmological constraints from HII starburst galaxy, quasar angular size, and other measurements
• On cosmological signatures of baryons-dark energy elastic couplings
• $S_8$ Tension in the Context of Dark Matter-Baryon Scattering
• Cosmographic view on the $H_0$ and ${\sigma }_8$ tensions
• Dissimilar Donuts in the Sky? Effects of a Pressure Singularity on the Circular Photon Orbits and Shadow of a Cosmological Black Hole
• Multiple transitions in vacuum dark energy and $H_0$ tension
• A grounded perspective on New Early Dark Energy using ACT, SPT, and BICEP/Keck
• Sources of $H_0$-tensions in dark energy scenarios
• Dark Energy as a Critical Phenomenon: a Resolution for Hubble Tension
• Joint constraints on cosmological parameters using future multi-band gravitational wave standard siren observations
• Inflation Model Selection meets Dark Radiation
• Latest evidence for a late time vacuum -- geodesic CDM interaction
• An exploration of an early gravity transition in light of cosmological tensions
• Inflationary Potential as seen from Different Angles: Model Compatibility from Multiple CMB Missions
• $H_0$ Tension in Torsion-based Modified Gravity
• Profiling Cold New Early Dark Energy
• Linear scale bounds on dark matter--dark radiation interactions and connection with the small scale crisis of cold dark matter
• Constraining the dark-energy equation of state with cosmological data
• Do the observational data favor a local void?
• J-PAS: Forecasts for dark matter - dark energy elastic couplings
• Thermal Friction as a Solution to the Hubble and Large-Scale Structure Tensions
• The Megamaser Cosmology Project. XI. A geometric distance to CGCG 074-064
• CMB constraints on $\beta$-exponential inflationary models
• Velocity-dependent interacting dark energy and dark matter with a Lagrangian description of perfect fluids
• Primordial black holes as a dark matter candidate in theories with supersymmetry and inflation
• Can varying the gravitational constant alleviate the tensions ?
• Possible Hints of Sterile Neutrinos in Recent Measurements of the Hubble Parameter
• Evaporating primordial black holes as varying dark energy
• Hot thermal universe endowed with massive dark vector fields and the Hubble tension
• A forecast of using fast radio burst observations to constrain holographic dark energy
• A Cosmological Underdensity Does Not Solve the Hubble Tension
• Minimal theory of massive gravity in the light of CMB data and the $S_8$ tension
• Exploring the Hubble Tension and Spatial Curvature from the Ages of Old Astrophysical Objects
• Phantom scalar-tensor models and cosmological tensions
• Degenerate Sub-keV Fermion Dark Matter from a Solution to the Hubble Tension
• New cosmological constraints on $f(T)$ gravity in light of full Planck-CMB and type Ia supernovae data
• IWDM: The fate of an interacting non-cold dark matter $-$ vacuum scenario
• Dark energy in conformal Killing gravity
• Probing the interaction between dark energy and dark matter with future fast radio burst observations
• Improved constraint on primordial gravitational waves in light of the Hubble tension and BICEP/Keck
• Super-CMB fluctuations and the Hubble tension
• Decaying dark matter, the $H_0$ tension, and the lithium problem
• New late-time constraints on $f(R)$ gravity
• Alleviating $H_0$ Tension with New Gravitational Scalar Tensor Theories
• Bayesian model selection on Scalar $\epsilon$-Field Dark Energy
• Structure Formation and the Global 21-cm Signal in the Presence of Coulomb-like Dark Matter-Baryon Interactions
• Toward a concordance teleparallel Cosmology II: Linear perturbation
• Quintessential Cosmological Tensions
• Does $\Lambda$CDM really be in tension with the Hubble diagram data?
• Questioning the $H_0$ tension via the look-back time
• Can phantom transition at $z\sim 1$ restore the Cosmic concordance?
• Alleviating $H_0$ tension in Horndeski gravity
• Cosmological model-independent measurement of cosmic curvature using distance sum rule with the help of gravitational waves
• Suppressed cosmic growth in coupled vector-tensor theories
• Solving the $H_0$ tension in $f(T)$ Gravity through Bayesian Machine Learning
• Analyzing the Hubble tension through hidden sector dynamics in the early universe
• On the use of galaxies as clocks and the universal expansion
• Constraining a late time transition of $G_{\mathrm{eff}}$ using low-z galaxy survey data
• Alleviating Cosmological Tensions with a Coupled Scalar Fields Model
• A Dark Energy model from Generalized Proca Theory
• $U(1{)}_{L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }}$ for Light Dark Matter, $g_{\mu }-2$, the $511$ keV excess and the Hubble Tension
• A testable hidden-sector model for Dark Matter and neutrino masses
• Cosmological search for sterile neutrinos after Planck 2018
• Measuring Hubble constant in an anisotropic extension of $\Lambda$CDM model
• KiDS-1000 Cosmology: machine learning -- accelerated constraints on Interacting Dark Energy with COSMOPOWER
• Thermal Dark Energy
• Running vacuum versus Holographic dark energy: a cosmographic comparison
• Vacuum dynamics in the Universe versus a rigid $\Lambda =$const
• Dark Sectors with Mass Thresholds Face Cosmological Datasets
• The signature of the scattering between dark sectors in large scale cosmic microwave background anisotropies
• Big Bang Nucleosynthesis constraints on varying electron mass solution to the Hubble tension
• Impact of symmetron screening on the Hubble tension: new constraints using cosmic distance ladder data
• Decay of multiple dark matter particles to dark radiation in different epochs does not alleviate the Hubble tension
• The Heisenberg limit at cosmological scales
• IDECAMB: an implementation of interacting dark energy cosmology in CAMB
• How does an incomplete sky coverage affect the Hubble Constant variance?
• Can the Hubble tension be resolved by bulk viscosity?
• Modelling Non-Linear Effects of Dark Energy
• Strongly lensed type Ia supernovae as a precise late-universe probe of measuring the Hubble constant and cosmic curvature
• Pseudoscalar sterile neutrino self-interactions in light of Planck, SPT and ACT data
• A New Test of Dynamical Dark Energy Models and Cosmic Tensions in Hořava Gravity
• Observational constraints on the interacting dark energy - dark matter (IDM) cosmological models
• Phenomenological Gravitational Phase Transition: Early and Late Modifications
• Observational constraints on soft dark energy and soft dark matter: challenging $\Lambda$CDM
• Differentiating dark interactions with perturbation
• Electron mass variation from dark sector interactions and compatibility with cosmological observations
• The Axion-Higgs Portal
• Addressing Cosmological Tensions by Non-Local Gravity
• Freeze-in Axion-like Dark Matter
• Gamma-ray burst cosmology: Hubble diagram and star formation history
• Cosmology in Minkowski space
• Can decaying dark matter scenarios alleviate both $H_0$ and ${\sigma }_8$ tensions?
• Deconstructing the Planck TT Power Spectrum to Constrain Deviations from $\Lambda$CDM
• Early Dark Energy from a Higher-dimensional Gauge Theory
• Momentum transfer in the dark sector and lensing convergence in upcoming galaxy surveys
• The Spin Tensor of Dark Matter and the Hubble Parameter Tension
• Environment Dependent Electron Mass and the H${}_0$-Tension
• Thomson scattering: One rate to rule them all
• Superhorizon perturbations: A possible explanation of the Hubble--Lemaître Tension and the Large Scale Anisotropy of the Universe
• Constraints from High-Precision Measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background: The Case of Disintegrating Dark Matter with $\Lambda$ or Dynamical Dark Energy
• Contributions to $\Delta N_{eff}$ from the dark photon of $U(1{)}_{T3R}$
• Axion Dark Radiation: Hubble Tension and Hyper-kamiokande Neutrino Experiment
• Role of the Hubble Scale in the Weak Lensing vs. CMB Tension
• Apparent dark matter as a non-local manifestation of emergent gravity
• $H_0$ tension without CMB data: beyond the $\Lambda$CDM
• Hubble distancing: Focusing on distance measurements in cosmology
• Reducing the $H_0$ Tension with Exponential Acoustic Dark Energy
• The Hubble constant tension: current status and future perspectives through new cosmological probes
• Investigating The Hubble Tension Through Hubble Parameter Data
• Forecast on lepton asymmetry from future CMB experiments
• Cosmological Parameter Estimation Using Current and Future Observations of Strong Gravitational Lensing
• Holographic energy density, dark energy sound speed, and tensions in cosmological parameters: $H_0$ and $S_8$
• Lensing impact on cosmic relics and tensions
• Early dark energy and the screening mechanism
• CMB lensing in a modified $\Lambda$CDM model in light of the $H_0$ tension
• Band-limited Features in the Primordial Power Spectrum Do Not Resolve the Hubble Tension
• Testing the growth rate in homogeneous and inhomogeneous interacting vacuum models
• Quantum origin of dark energy and the Hubble tension
• The Hubble tension in the non-flat Super-$\Lambda \mathrm{CDM}$ model
• Cosmological effects of the Galileon term in Scalar-Tensor Theories
• Possible Resolution of the Hubble Tension with Weyl Invariant Gravity
• Cosmological Boundary Flux Parameter
• Imprint of Early Dark Energy in Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background
• $H_0$ tension or $M$ overestimation?
• No evidence for EDE from Planck data in extended scenarios
• Constraints on Dark Matter-Photon Coupling in the Presence of Time-Varying Dark Energy
• $\Lambda$CDM as a Noether Symmetry in Cosmology
• Perturbation level interacting dark energy model and its consequence on late-time cosmological parameters
• Tests of Standard Cosmology in Horava Gravity and Bayesian Evidence for a Closed Universe, and the Hubble Tension
• The Hubble Rate Trouble: An Effective Field Theory of Dark Matter
• Hubble constant by natural selection: Evolution chips in the Hubble tension
• Interacting parametrized post-Friedmann method
• Eliminating the Hubble Tension in the Presence of the Interconnection between Dark Energy and Matter in the Modern Universe
• Implications for cosmology from Ground-based Cosmic Microwave Background observations
• Axi-Higgs cosmology: Cosmic Microwave Background and cosmological tensions
• Running Hubble constant from the SNe Ia Pantheon sample?
• Linking the $R_{K^{(\ast )}}$ anomalies to the Hubble tension via a single right-handed neutrino
• Endowing $\mathbf{\Lambda }$ with a dynamic nature: constraints in a spatially curved Universe
• Fab-Four cosmography to tackle the Hubble tension
• Equality scale-based and sound horizon-based analysis of the Hubble tension
• Cosmological Evolution in Bimetric Gravity: Observational Constraints and LSS Signatures
• Another look on the connections of Hubble tension with the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
• Can the quasi-molecular mechanism of recombination decrease the Hubble tension?
• Running Dark Energy and Dark Matter from Dynamical Spacetime
• Detecting the Birth of Supermassive Black Holes Formed from Heavy Seeds
• Neutrino mass and kinetic gravity braiding degeneracies
• Constraining CMB physical processes using Planck 2018 data
• Pantheon+ tomography and Hubble tension
• Unimodular Theory of Gravity in Light of the Latest Cosmological Data
• Gaussian discriminators between $\Lambda$CDM and wCDM cosmologies using expansion data
• Extensions to $\Lambda$CDM at Intermediate Redshifts to Solve the Tensions ?
• A step in the right direction? Analyzing the Wess Zumino Dark Radiation solution to the Hubble tension

Cited by in corpus (195)

• The CosmoVerse White Paper: Addressing observational tensions in cosmology with systematics and fundamental physics
• Robust Preference for Dynamical Dark Energy in DESI BAO and SN Measurements
• Interacting Dark Energy after DESI Baryon Acoustic Oscillation measurements
• Nonparametric late-time expansion history reconstruction and implications for the Hubble tension in light of recent DESI and type Ia supernovae data
• Updated Cosmological Constraints in Extended Parameter Space with Planck PR4, DESI Baryon Acoustic Oscillations, and Supernovae: Dynamical Dark Energy, Neutrino Masses, Lensing Anomaly, and the Hubble Tension
• Dark energy in light of the early JWST observations: case for a negative cosmological constant?
• Neutrino cosmology after DESI: tightest mass upper limits, preference for the normal ordering, and tension with terrestrial observations
• New constraints on interacting dark energy from DESI DR2 BAO observations
• The state of the dark energy equation of state circa 2023
• Cosmology in Extended Parameter Space with DESI Data Release 2 Baryon Acoustic Oscillations: A 2$\sigma$+ Detection of Nonzero Neutrino Masses with an Update on Dynamical Dark Energy and Lensing Anomaly
• Negative cosmological constant in the dark energy sector: tests from JWST photometric and spectroscopic observations of high-redshift galaxies
• Model-independent cosmological inference post DESI DR1 BAO measurements
• Multidimensionality of the Hubble tension: the roles of ${\Omega }_m$ and ${\omega }_c$
• Combining pre- and post-recombination new physics to address cosmological tensions: case study with varying electron mass and sign-switching cosmological constant
• $\Lambda$CDM Tensions: Localising Missing Physics through Consistency Checks
• Probing the sign-changeable interaction between dark energy and dark matter with DESI baryon acoustic oscillations and DES supernovae data
• Late-Time constraints on Interacting Dark Energy: Analysis independent of $H_0$, $r_d$ and $M_B$
• Inflation, the Hubble Tension and Early Dark Energy: an alternative overview
• Sign Switching in Dark Sector Coupling Interactions as a Candidate for Resolving Cosmological Tensions
• A simultaneous solution to the Hubble tension and observed bulk flow within 250 $h^{-1}$ Mpc
• Slow-rolling scalar dynamics and as solution for the Hubble tension
• TDCOSMO 2025: Cosmological constraints from strong lensing time delays
• Cosmological constraints on ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}$CDM scenario in a type II minimally modified gravity
• Measuring the reionization optical depth without large-scale CMB polarization
• An effective description of Laniakea: impact on cosmology and the local determination of the Hubble constant
• Transition dynamics in the ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}$CDM model: Implications for bound cosmic structures
• From infinite to infinitesimal: Using the Universe as a dataset to probe Casimir corrections to the vacuum energy from fields inhabiting the dark dimension
• Exploring the Hubble tension with a late time Modified Gravity scenario
• Is Dark Energy Dynamical in the DESI Era? A Critical Review
• Effects of type Ia supernovae absolute magnitude priors on the Hubble constant value
• ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}$CDM cosmology: Alleviating major cosmological tensions by predicting standard neutrino properties
• Towards a possible solution to the Hubble tension with Horndeski gravity
• Cosmological constraints on nonphantom dynamical dark energy with DESI Data Release 2 Baryon Acoustic Oscillations: A 3$\sigma$+ lensing anomaly
• Observational Constraints on Dynamical Dark Energy Models
• Dynamical Dark Energy in the Crosshairs: A Joint Analysis with DESI, Pantheon plus, and TDCOSMO Constraints
• Kinetic Model for Dark Energy - Dark Matter Interaction: Scenario for the Hubble Tension
• No-go guide for the Hubble tension: late-time or local-scale new physics
• A search for sterile neutrinos in interacting dark energy models using DESI baryon acoustic oscillations and DES supernovae data
• Running vacuum in Brans-Dicke theory: a possible cure for the ${\sigma }_8$ and $H_0$ tensions
• The Unsettled Number: Hubble's Tension
• Measuring Hubble constant in an anisotropic extension of $\Lambda$CDM model
• The redshift dependence of the inferred $H_0$ in a local void solution to the Hubble tension
• Reconciling $S_8$: Insights from Interacting Dark Sectors
• Alleviating the Hubble-constant tension and the growth tension via a transition of absolute magnitude favored by the Pantheon+ sample
• Does DESI DR2 challenge $\Lambda$CDM paradigm ?
• Planck-PR4 anisotropy spectra show (better) consistency with General Relativity
• Robust evidence for dynamical dark energy in light of DESI DR2 and joint ACT, SPT, and Planck data
• Modified gravity in the presence of matter creation: scenario for the late Universe
• The first variation of the matter energy-momentum tensor with respect to the metric, and its implications on modified gravity theories
• Consistent extinction model for type Ia supernovae in Cepheid-based calibration galaxies and its impact on $H_0$
• Testing the local void hypothesis using baryon acoustic oscillation measurements over the last twenty years
• Running Hubble constant: evolutionary Dark Energy
• Fractional Scalar Field Cosmology
• Model-independent cosmological inference after the DESI DR2 data with improved inverse distance ladder
• Hubble tension as a window on the gravitation of the dark matter sector
• Dark energy reconstructions combining BAO data with galaxy clusters and intermediate redshift catalogs
• III. Interacting Dark Energy: Summary of Models, Pathologies, and Constraints
• Unexplored regions in teleparallel $f(T)$ gravity: Sign-changing dark energy density
• Reconciling early dark energy with a Harrison-Zeldovich spectrum
• LADDER: Revisiting the Cosmic Distance Ladder with Deep Learning Approaches and Exploring its Applications
• Toward a simultaneous resolution of the $H_0$ and $S_8$ tensions: early dark energy and an interacting dark sector model
• Testing scale-invariant inflation against cosmological data
• On dataset tensions and signatures of new cosmological physics
• Constraints on Dark Energy Models Using Late Universe Probes
• f(R) Gravity in an Ellipsoidal Universe
• Measuring neutrino masses with joint JWST and DESI DR2 data
• A visual tool for assessing tension-resolving models in the $H_0$-${\sigma }_8$ plane
• Comprehensive Constraints on Dark Radiation Injection After BBN
• Narrowing down the Hubble tension to the first two rungs of distance ladders
• Explanation of high redshift luminous galaxies from JWST by early dark energy model
• Do we need wavelets in the late Universe?
• Quintessential early dark energy
• Observational Constraints on the Dark Energy with a Quadratic Equation of State
• Decay of $f(R)$ quintessence into dark matter: mitigating the Hubble tension?
• Torsion cosmology in the light of DESI, supernovae and CMB observational constraints
• Can Early Dark Energy be Probed by the High-Redshift Galaxy Abundance?
• Constraining deviations from $\Lambda$CDM in the Hubble expansion rate
• Exploring cosmological imprints of phantom crossing with dynamical dark energy in Horndeski gravity
• Hubble tension as a window on the gravitation of the dark matter sector: Exploration of a family of models
• Imprints of screened dark energy on nonlocal quantum correlations
• Extended Uncertainty Principle: A Deeper Insight into the Hubble Tension?
• An empirical consistent redshift bias: A possible direct reproducible observation of Zwicky's TL theory
• Addressing the Hubble tension in Yukawa cosmology?
• Revisiting the phenomenologically emergent dark energy model: is non-zero equation of state of dark matter favored by DESI DR2?
• Effects of anisotropy in an anisotropic extension of $w$CDM model
• I. Linear Interacting Dark Energy: Analytical Solutions and Theoretical Pathologies
• Testing the cosmic distance duality relation with baryon acoustic oscillations and supernovae data
• Revisiting CPL with sign-switching density: To cross or not to cross the NECB
• Two Dynamical Scenarios for Binned Master Sample Interpretation
• Tensions in cosmology: a discussion of statistical tools to determine inconsistencies
• Metastability in Emergent Dark Energy: A New Framework Confronting Cosmological Observations
• Exploring Alternative Cosmologies with the LSST: Simulated Forecasts and Current Observational Constraints
• Probing departures from $\Lambda$CDM by late-time datasets
• Anisotropic Born-Infeld-f(R) Cosmologies
• Solution of the dark matter riddle within standard model physics: From black holes, galaxies and clusters to cosmology
• Late-time Background Constraints on Linear and Non-linear Interacting Dark Energy after DESI DR2
• Combining strongly lensed and unlensed fast radio bursts: To be a more precise late-universe probe
• Addressing the $H_0$ tension through matter with pressure and no early dark energy
• Alleviating the Hubble Tension with a Local Void and Transitions of the Absolute Magnitude
• Can the sound horizon-free measurement of $H_0$ constrain early new physics?
• One Extension to Explain Them All, One Scale-Invariant Spectrum to Test Them All, and in One Model Bind Them
• A proposal to improve the accuracy of cosmological observables and address the Hubble tension problem
• Evidence for evolving dark energy from DESI DR2 BAO and Pantheon${}^{+}$, DES-Dovekie, and Union3
• Resilience and implications of adiabatic CMB cooling
• Probing the Dynamics of Gaussian Dark Energy Equation of State Using DESI BAO
• Addressing the $r_d$ Tension using Late-Time Observational Measurements in a Novel deceleration Parametrization
• Impact of Low ell's on Large Scale Structure Anomalies
• Cosmology of unimodular Born-Infeld-$f(R)$ gravity
• Early Dark Energy During Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
• From Barthel Randers Kropina Geometries to the Accelerating Universe: A Brief Review of Recent Advances in Finslerian Cosmology
• Decay of dark energy into dark matter in a metric $f(R)$ gravity: effective running Hubble constant
• Dark Energy in the DESI Era: A Brief Review of Evidence, Beyond-$\Lambda$CDM Interpretations, and Tensions
• Lensing amplitude anomaly and varying electron mass alleviate the Hubble and $S_8$ tensions
• The Hubble tension from the standpoint of quantum cosmology
• Gravitational wave probes of Barrow cosmology with LISA standard sirens
• Exponential quintessence with momentum coupling to dark matter
• What Prevents Resolving the Hubble Tension through Late-Time Expansion Modifications?
• 2D BAO vs 3D BAO: Hints for new physics?
• Special Issue on Modified Gravity Approaches to the Tensions of $\Lambda$CDM: Goals and Highlights
• Comparing measures of the Hubble and BAO tensions in $\Lambda$CDM and possible solutions in $f(Q)$ gravity
• Constraints on the Hubble and matter density parameters with and without modelling the CMB anisotropies
• Dynamics of holographic dark energy with apparent-horizon cutoff and non-minimal derivative coupling gravity in non-flat FLRW universe
• Measuring neutrino mass in light of ACT DR6 and DESI DR2
• Addressing the DESI DR2 Phantom-Crossing Anomaly and Enhanced $H_0$ Tension with Reconstructed Scalar-Tensor Gravity
• Dynamics of Inspiraling Dark Energy
• Determination of Hubble constant from Megamaser Cosmology Project using Profile Likelihood
• Challenges to a sharp change in $G$ as a solution to the Hubble tension
• Probing for Lorentz Invariance Violation in Pantheon Plus Dominated Cosmology
• Stochastic dark matter: Covariant Brownian motion from Planckian discreteness
• Constraints on the varying electron mass and early dark energy in light of ACT DR6 and DESI DR2 and the implications for inflation
• Dispersion in the Hubble-Lemaître constant measurements from gravitational clustering
• The scalar-torsion gravity corrections in the first-order inflationary models
• Lowering the Horizon on Dark Energy: A Late-Time Response to Early Solutions for the Hubble Tension
• Probing the Cosmic Distance Duality Relation via Non-Parametric Reconstruction for High Redshifts
• Constraints on Generalized Gravity-Thermodynamic Cosmology from DESI DR2
• On the origin of the BAOtr-DESI tension
• Sound Horizon Independent Constraints on Early Dark Energy: The Role of Supernova Data
• Prospects for measuring neutrino mass with 21-cm forest
• A test for the redshift dependence of ${\sigma }_8$ using $f{\sigma }_8$ measurements
• Effect of Peak Absolute Magnitude of Type Ia Supernovae and Sound Horizon Values on Hubble Tension using DESI results
• Cosmological singularities in non-canonical models of dark energy
• A simple direct empirical observation of systematic bias of the redshift as a distance indicator
• The model of the local Universe in the framework of the second-order perturbation theory
• Evaluating a Sigmoid Dark Energy Model to Explain the Hubble Tension
• Equivalence of Dark Energy Models: A Theoretical and Bayesian Perspective
• Model-Agnostic Cosmological Inference with SDSS-IV eBOSS: Simultaneous Probing for Background and Perturbed Universe
• Late Time Phenomena in $f(T,\mathcal{T})$ Gravity Framework: Role of $H_0$ Priors
• Statistical Nuances in BAO Analysis: Likelihood Formulations and Non-Gaussianities
• Reconciling Cosmological Tensions with Inelastic Dark Matter and Dark Radiation in a $\mathbf{U}(1{)}_{\mathbf{D}}$ Framework
• Revealing Limitation in the Standard Cosmological Model: A Redshift-Dependent Hubble Constant from Fast Radio Bursts
• Hubble Tension in Power-Law f(R) Gravity and Generalized Brans-Dicke Theory
• Beyond LambdaCDM: How the Hubble tension challenges early universe physics
• The dynamics of vacuum, gravity and matter: Implications on the fundamental constants
• Anisotropic cosmology in $q$-deformed entropic gravity
• A mechanism to generate varying speed of light via Higgs-dilaton coupling: Theory and cosmological applications
• The frozen vanilla model: Exploring dark sector interactions with delta effective theories
• ${\mathbf{\Omega }}_1{\mathbf{\Omega }}_2$-$\mathbf{\Lambda }$CDM: A promising phenomenological extension of the standard model of cosmology
• Signature of $f\left(R\right)$ gravity via Lemaître-Tolman-Bondi inhomogeneous perturbations
• Can cosmic rotation resolve the Hubble tension? Constraints from CMB and large-scale structure
• Observational tests of the conformal osculating Barthel-Kropina cosmological model
• Reheating constraints and the $H_0$ tension in Quintessential Inflation
• Prospects for joint multiband detection of intermediate-mass black holes by LGWA and the Einstein Telescope
• A comprehensive dynamical and phenomenological analysis of structure growth in curvature-modulated coupled quintessence scenario
• Exploring the cosmic microwave background dipole direction using gamma-ray bursts
• The cosmological Mass Varying Neutrino model in the late universe
• Betti Functionals as a Probe for Cosmic Topology
• A Unified Interpretation of Supernova, GRB, and QSO Time Dilation Signals in a Generalized Cosmological Time Framework
• Probing dynamical embeddings in a five-dimensional spacetime in light of DESI BAO
• A robust assessment of the local anisotropy of the Hubble constant
• Particle physics and cosmology intertwined
• Compact Objects in 4D Einstein Gauss Bonnet Gravity A Data Based Perspective
• Hubble tension problem encompassed by phase-space quantum cosmology
• No preference for generalized emergent dark energy from current cosmological data
• Modifying $\Lambda$CDM dynamics via out-of-equilibrium axions: reconciling SH0ES and DESI $H_0$ values
• Testing the Anton-Schmidt dark energy model with the DESI DR2 measurements
• Late-time cosmological constraints on three holographic dark energy models with DESI DR2 BAO and Type Ia supernovae
• Resolving the Hubble Tension in the Early Dark Energy Framework with JWST and DESI Data
• Constraints on the gravitational potential from DESI DR2 BAO and its implications for the local void scenario
• Constraining Spatial Curvature with Priors from Swampland Conjectures
• Impact of the Infrared Cutoff on Structure Formation in Tsallis Holographic Dark Energy
• Background-level reconstruction of scalar-field potentials from dark-energy histories and comparison with analytic potential families
• Background dynamics and observational constraints of flat and non-flat $\Lambda (t)$CDM models from $H(z)$ and DESI DR2 BAO measurements
• Reconstructing the Type Ia Supernova Absolute Magnitude with Two-Probe Physics-Informed Neural Networks
• Constraints on polynomial inflation under power-law perturbations
• Running Einstein Constant and a Possible Vacuum State of the Universe
• Searching for a signature of turnaround in galaxy clusters with convolutional neural networks
• Conditional variational autoencoders for cosmological model discrimination and anomaly detection in cosmic microwave background power spectra
• Void spin distribution as a powerful probe of ${\sigma }_8$
• Yano-Schrödinger Hyperfluid: Cosmological Implications
• How Holographic is the Dark Energy? A Spline Nodal reconstruction approach
• Testing the cosmic distance duality relation using model-independent approach
• Thermodynamic Split Conjecture and an Observational Test for Cosmological Entropy
• Geometric formulation of $k$-essence and late-time acceleration
• Constraints on the Modified Emergent Dark Energy Model Using DESI DR2 BAO
• Metric Variation of the Energy-Momentum Tensor of a Perfect Fluid and Its Applications to Cosmology and Neutron Stars