Unveiling dark fifth forces with linear cosmology

Abstract

We initiate the exploration of the cosmology of dark fifth forces: new forces acting solely on Dark Matter. We focus on long range interactions which lead to an effective violation of the Equivalence Principle on cosmological scales today. At the microscopic level, the dark fifth force can be realized by a light scalar with mass smaller than the Hubble constant today ($\lesssim 10^{-33}\text{eV}$) coupled to Dark Matter. We study the behavior of the background cosmology and linear perturbations in such a Universe. At the background level, the new force modifies the evolution of the Dark Matter energy density and thus the Hubble flow. At linear order, it modifies the growth of matter perturbations and generates relative density and velocity perturbations between Dark Matter and baryons that grow over time. We derive constraints from current CMB and BAO data, bounding the strength of the dark fifth force to be less than a percent of gravity. These are the strongest constraints to date. We present potential implications of this scenario for the Hubble tension and discuss how our results are modified if the light scalar mediator accounts for the observed density of the Dark Energy. Finally, we comment on the interplay between our constraints and searches for violations of the Equivalence Principle in the visible sector.

54 pages, 15 figures. v2: revision of Sec. 6, now including atomic clock constraints; added Table 1 with main results; extended discussion of BAO; added references. Matches JCAP version. v3: fixed some incorrect equations, all results and figures unaffected. Updated with latest constraints from MICROSCOPE and clocks. v4: fixed some coefficients in analytical sub-horizon solutions (Sec. 4.2.1)

References in corpus (76)

• The Confrontation between General Relativity and Experiment
• The clustering of galaxies in the completed SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: cosmological analysis of the DR12 galaxy sample
• The 6dF Galaxy Survey: Baryon Acoustic Oscillations and the Local Hubble Constant
• A Comprehensive Measurement of the Local Value of the Hubble Constant with 1 km/s/Mpc Uncertainty from the Hubble Space Telescope and the SH0ES Team
• The Cosmic Linear Anisotropy Solving System (CLASS) II: Approximation schemes
• In the Realm of the Hubble tension $-$ a Review of Solutions
• Large Magellanic Cloud Cepheid Standards Provide a 1% Foundation for the Determination of the Hubble Constant and Stronger Evidence for Physics Beyond LambdaCDM
• The Clustering of the SDSS DR7 Main Galaxy Sample I: A 4 per cent Distance Measure at z=0.15
• Search for New Physics with Atoms and Molecules
• The Pantheon+ Analysis: Cosmological Constraints
• Planck 2018 results. V. CMB power spectra and likelihoods
• Early Dark Energy Can Resolve The Hubble Tension
• Conservative Constraints on Early Cosmology: an illustration of the Monte Python cosmological parameter inference code
• On Renormalization Group Flows in Four Dimensions
• Test of the Equivalence Principle Using a Rotating Torsion Balance
• KiDS-1000 Cosmology: Multi-probe weak gravitational lensing and spectroscopic galaxy clustering constraints
• The QCD axion, precisely
• Planck 2018 results. VIII. Gravitational lensing
• Cosmological implications of baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements
• Experimental Searches for the Axion and Axion-like Particles
• Quintessence: A Review
• The Hubble Hunter's Guide
• Cosmological Non-Linearities as an Effective Fluid
• The Effective Field Theory of Cosmological Large Scale Structures
• The Cosmic Linear Anisotropy Solving System (CLASS) I: Overview
• The $H_0$ Olympics: A fair ranking of proposed models
• Relative velocity of dark matter and baryonic fluids and the formation of the first structures
• Searching for dilaton dark matter with atomic clocks
• Large-scale instability in interacting dark energy and dark matter fluids
• The MICROSCOPE mission: first results of a space test of the Equivalence Principle
• The WiggleZ Dark Energy Survey: Improved Distance Measurements to z = 1 with Reconstruction of the Baryonic Acoustic Feature
• Equivalence Principle Violations and Couplings of a Light Dilaton
• To H0 or not to H0?
• Hydrodynamical N-body simulations of coupled dark energy cosmologies
• On the use of the local prior on the absolute magnitude of Type Ia supernovae in cosmological inference
• Improved limits for violations of local position invariance from atomic clock comparisons
• Can Late Dark Energy Transitions Raise the Hubble constant?
• Dark coupling
• Coupled and Extended Quintessence: theoretical differences and structure formation
• Update on Coupled Dark Energy and the $H_0$ tension
• Models of coupled dark matter to dark energy
• Limits on the temporal variation of the fine structure constant, quark masses and strong interaction from quasar absorption spectra and atomic clock experiments
• Tidal Tails Test the Equivalence Principle in the Dark Sector
• Large-scale BAO signatures of the smallest galaxies
• Time dependent couplings in the dark sector: from background evolution to nonlinear structure formation
• Effective Theory of Interacting Dark Energy
• Testing modified gravity with Planck: the case of coupled dark energy
• Precision Gravity Tests and the Einstein Equivalence Principle
• Dark energy with non-adiabatic sound speed: initial conditions and detectability
• Phenomenology of the Equivalence Principle with Light Scalars
• Constraints on Cosmological Parameters from the 500 deg${}^2$ SPTpol Lensing Power Spectrum
• Constraints on coupled dark energy using CMB data from WMAP and SPT
• Quantum Field Theory of Interacting Dark Matter/Dark Energy: Dark Monodromies
• Cosmological Analysis of Three-Dimensional BOSS Galaxy Clustering and Planck CMB Lensing Cross Correlations via Lagrangian Perturbation Theory
• Effective Theory of Dark Energy at Redshift Survey Scales
• $H_0$ Tension, Swampland Conjectures and the Epoch of Fading Dark Matter
• The effect of relative velocity and density perturbations between baryons and dark matter on the clustering of galaxies
• Single-Field Consistency Relations of Large Scale Structure. Part III: Test of the Equivalence Principle
• The Impact of the Fiducial Cosmology Assumption on BAO Cosmological Parameter Inference
• Galaxy morphology rules out astrophysically relevant Hu-Sawicki $f(R)$ gravity
• Long Range Interactions in Cosmology: Implications for Neutrinos
• Search for oscillations of fundamental constants using molecular spectroscopy
• Dark-Matter-Induced Weak Equivalence Principle Violation
• Streaming velocities and the baryon-acoustic oscillation scale
• Cosmological constraints on Lorentz violating dark energy
• Cosmological constraints on deviations from Lorentz invariance in gravity and dark matter
• Cosmology with Equivalence Principle Breaking in the Dark Sector
• Non-linear Matter Spectra in Coupled Quintessence
• Quintessence with Yukawa Interaction
• Biased Tracers of Two Fluids in the Lagrangian Picture
• Nonlinear perturbations for dissipative and interacting relativistic fluids
• The Impact of Wrong Assumptions in BAO Reconstruction
• Baryon-CDM isocurvature galaxy bias with IllustrisTNG
• Redshift-space streaming velocity effects on the Lyman-$\alpha$ forest baryon acoustic oscillation scale
• Euclid: constraining dark energy coupled to electromagnetism using astrophysical and laboratory data
• Connection between a possible fifth force and the direct detection of Dark Matter

Cited by in corpus (31)

• Seven hints that early-time new physics alone is not sufficient to solve the Hubble tension
• Cosmic chronometers to calibrate the ladders and measure the curvature of the Universe. A model-independent study
• Cosmology with the Galaxy Bispectrum Multipoles: Optimal Estimation and Application to BOSS Data
• Massive neutrinos and cosmic composition
• Quantifying the $S_8$ tension and evidence for interacting dark energy from redshift-space distortion measurements
• Halo Formation from Yukawa Forces in the Very Early Universe
• Unveiling dark forces with measurements of the Large Scale Structure of the Universe
• Gravitational Redshift Constraints on the Effective Theory of Interacting Dark Energy
• Cosmological constraints from the cross-correlation of DESI Luminous Red Galaxies with CMB lensing from Planck PR4 and ACT DR6
• Constraining constant and tomographic coupled dark energy with low-redshift and high-redshift probes
• Hubble tension as a window on the gravitation of the dark matter sector
• Experimental targets for dark photon dark matter
• From 100 kpc to 10 Gpc: Dark Matter self-interactions before and after DESI
• Solar chameleons: Novel channels
• Dissecting kinetically coupled quintessence: phenomenology and observational tests
• Hubble tension as a window on the gravitation of the dark matter sector: Exploration of a family of models
• Coupled Dark Sector Models and Cosmological Tensions
• Disentangling modified gravity from a dark force with gravitational redshift
• New Interpretations of the Cosmological Preference for a Negative Neutrino Mass
• The CIDER simulations: Nonlinear structure formation in the Constrained Interacting Dark Energy Scenario
• Coupled Quintessence scalar field model in light of observational datasets
• Constraints on Late Time Violations of the Equivalence Principle in the Dark Sector
• Interacting Dark Energy: New parametrization and observational constraints
• One-loop power spectrum corrections in interacting dark energy cosmologies
• Coherent Self-Interactions of Dark Matter in the Bullet Cluster
• Conditions for the Absence of Infrared Sensitivity in Cosmological Probes in Any Gravity Theories
• Probing Long-Range Forces Between Neutrinos with Cosmic Structures
• Comparing the motion of dark matter and standard model particles on cosmological scales
• The Effective Field Theory of Large Scale Structure for Mixed Dark Matter Scenarios
• Infrared Sensitivity of Cosmological Probes in Horndeski Theory
• Dark Matter Recoupling