Quintessence: A Review

Abstract

Quintessence is a canonical scalar field introduced to explain the late-time cosmic acceleration. The cosmological dynamics of quintessence is reviewed, paying particular attention to the evolution of the dark energy equation of state w. For the field potentials having tracking and thawing properties, the evolution of w can be known analytically in terms of a few model parameters. Using the analytic expression of w, we constrain quintessence models from the observations of supernovae type Ia, cosmic microwave background, and baryon acoustic oscillations. The tracking freezing models are hardly distinguishable from the LCDM model, whereas in thawing models the today's field equation of state is constrained to be w_0<-0.7 (95 % CL). We also derive an analytic formula for the growth rate of matter density perturbations in dynamical dark energy models, which allows a possibility to put further bounds on w from the measurement of redshift-space distortions in the galaxy power spectrum. Finally we review particle physics models of quintessence- such as those motivated by supersymmetric theories. The field potentials of thawing models based on a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson or on extended supergravity theories have a nice property that a tiny mass of quintessence can be protected against radiative corrections.

20 pages, 3 figures, prepared for a CQG special issue on scalar fields and gravity

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• Dynamics of tachyon dark energy on large scales and its imprint on observed galaxy power spectrum
• Relativistic Fractional-Dimension Gravity
• Intermediate redshift calibration of Gamma-ray Bursts and cosmic constraints in non-flat cosmology
• Cosmic evolution of scalar fields with multiple vacua: generalized DBI and quintessence
• Revisiting observational constraints on coupled exponential quintessence with energy and momentum transfers: degeneracy with massive neutrinos
• Atomic Observables Induced by Cosmic Fields
• Stringy multifield quintessence and the Swampland
• Constraints for the thawing and freezing potentials
• Structure formation in a non-canonical scalar field model of clustering dark energy
• Relations between Newtonian and relativistic cosmology
• Cosmology of Gravi-Axions
• Background-level reconstruction of scalar-field potentials from dark-energy histories and comparison with analytic potential families
• Criticality and Big Brake singularities in the tachyonic evolutions of closed Friedmann universes with cold dark matter
• Gravitational Field of a Rotating Mass on an Expanding Universe
• Background instability of quintessence model in light of entropy and distance conjecture
• Quintessential Inflation in Palatini $F(R,X)$ gravity
• Hamilton-Jacobi analysis of noncanonical inflation in $f(R,T)$ gravity: Constraints from Planck/ACT data, and theoretical bounds
• Non-minimally coupled quintessential inflation
• A speed limit on tachyon fields from cosmological and fine-structure data
• Revisiting dynamics of interacting quintessence