Ricci-Gauss-Bonnet holographic dark energy in Chern-Simons modified gravity: A flat FLRW quintessence-dominated universe

Abstract

We discuss the recently suggested Ricci-Gauss-Bonnet holographic dark energy in Chern-Simons modified gravity. We have tested some general forms of the scale factor $a(t)$, and used two physically reasonable forms which have been proved to be consistent with observations. Both solutions predict a sign flipping in the evolution of cosmic pressure which is positive during the early-time deceleration and negative during the late-time acceleration. This sign flipping in the evolution of cosmic pressure helps in explaining the cosmic deceleration-acceleration transition, and it has appeared in other cosmological models in different contexts. However, the current work shows a pressure singularity which needs to be explained. The evolution of the equation of state parameter $\omega (t)$ shows the same asymptotic behavior for both solutions indicating a quintessence-dominated universe in the far future. We also note that $\omega (t)$ goes to negative values (leaving the decelerating dust-dominated era at $\omega =0$) at exactly the same time the pressure becomes negative. Again, there is another singularity in the behavior of $\omega (t)$ which happens at the same cosmic time of the pressure singularity.

13 pages, 9 figures

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