Induced gravitational waves as a probe of thermal history of the universe

Abstract

The scalar perturbation induced gravitational waves are a probe of the primordial density perturbation spectrum on small scales. In this paper, we show that they can also probe the thermal history of the universe. We assume the universe underwent a stage with a constant equation of state parameter $w$, followed by the radiation-dominated stage of the conventional big bang universe. We find that the infrared slope of the power spectrum of the induced stochastic gravitational wave background for decelerating cosmologies is related to the equation of state of the universe. Furthermore, the induced gravitational wave spectrum has in general a broken power-law shape around the scale of reheating. Interestingly, below the threshold $w=0$ of the equation of state parameter, the broken power-law presents a peak for a Dirac delta peak in the scalar spectrum. For a finite width peak, the threshold changes to $w=-1/15$ depending on the value of the width. In some cases, such a broken power-law gravitational wave spectrum may degenerate to the spectrum from other sources like phase transitions or global cosmic strings.

References in corpus (18)

• Gravitational Wave Spectrum Induced by Primordial Scalar Perturbations
• Gravitational-wave sensitivity curves
• The cosmological gravitational wave background from primordial density perturbations
• Gravitational Waves from Phase Transitions at the Electroweak Scale and Beyond
• Gravitational wave generation from bubble collisions in first-order phase transitions: an analytic approach
• Theory and Numerics of Gravitational Waves from Preheating after Inflation
• Gravitational Wave Production At The End Of Inflation
• A stochastic background of gravitational waves from hybrid preheating
• Constraints on the induced gravitational wave background from primordial black holes
• Observable Spectra of Induced Gravitational Waves from Inflation
• Gauge Independence of Induced Gravitational Waves
• Unified treatment of cosmological perturbations from super-horizon to small scales
• Resonant multiple peaks in the induced gravitational waves
• The gravitational waves from the first-order phase transition with a dimension-six operator
• Gravitational Waves from Oscillons with Cuspy Potentials
• Thermal History of the Early Universe and Primordial Gravitational Waves from Induced Scalar Perturbations
• Second-order perturbations of cosmological fluids: Relativistic effects of pressure, multi-component, curvature, and rotation
• Observational signatures of the parametric amplification of gravitational waves during reheating after inflation

Cited by in corpus (110)

• Cosmology with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
• New Horizons for Fundamental Physics with LISA
• Gravitational Waves Induced by Scalar Perturbations with a Lognormal Peak
• Non-Gaussianity and the induced gravitational wave background
• Updated predictions for gravitational waves produced in a strongly supercooled phase transition
• Oscillations in the stochastic gravitational wave background from sharp features and particle production during inflation
• Anatomy of single-field inflationary models for primordial black holes
• Gravitational wave constraints on the primordial black hole dominated early universe
• The Gravitational-Wave Physics II: Progress
• Probing the equation of state of the early Universe with pulsar timing arrays
• Probing non-Gaussianities with the high frequency tail of induced gravitational waves
• Primordial black holes and secondary gravitational waves from inflationary model with a non-canonical kinetic term
• Causal gravitational waves as a probe of free streaming particles and the expansion of the Universe
• Primordial black holes as dark matter and gravitational waves from bumpy axion inflation
• The Detected Stochastic Gravitational Waves and Subsolar-Mass Primordial Black Holes
• Doubly peaked induced stochastic gravitational wave background : Testing baryogenesis from primordial black holes
• Approximate gauge independence of the induced gravitational wave spectrum
• Scalar induced gravitational waves in light of Pulsar Timing Array data
• Multi-messenger Probes of Inflationary Fluctuations and Primordial Black Holes
• Gravitational waves from dark matter isocurvature
• Constraints on primordial curvature power spectrum with pulsar timing arrays
• Primordial black holes and secondary gravitational waves from natural inflation
• Primordial Black Hole Formation in Starobinsky's Linear Potential Model
• Primordial Gravitational Waves From Black Hole Evaporation in Standard and Non-Standard Cosmologies
• Primordial Non-Gaussianity $f_{\mathrm{NL}}$ and Anisotropies in Scalar-Induced Gravitational Waves
• Primordial black holes and secondary gravitational waves from the Higgs field
• Primordial black holes and scalar induced gravitational waves from the $E$ model with a Gauss-Bonnet term
• Induced gravitational waves from the cosmic coincidence
• Induced gravitational waves as a cosmological probe of the sound speed during the QCD phase transition
• Probing pre-Recombination Physics by the Cross-Correlation of Stochastic Gravitational Waves and CMB Anisotropies
• Primordial Black Hole Archaeology with Gravitational Waves from Cosmic Strings
• Gravitational Waves from Density Perturbations in an Early Matter Domination Era
• Primordial black hole dark matter from inflation: the reverse engineering approach
• Double-peaked inflation model: Scalar induced gravitational waves and primordial-black-hole suppression from primordial non-Gaussianity
• Constraints on primordial curvature spectrum from primordial black holes and scalar-induced gravitational waves
• Induced Gravitational Wave interpretation of PTA data: a complete study for general equation of state
• Exploring the Spectral Shape of Gravitational Waves Induced by Primordial Scalar Perturbations and Connection with the Primordial Black Hole Scenarios
• Simultaneously probing the sound speed and equation of state of the early Universe with pulsar timing arrays
• Primordial black holes and scalar-induced gravitational waves from the generalized Brans-Dicke theory
• Model-independent reconstruction of the primordial curvature power spectrum from PTA data
• Small scale induced gravitational waves from primordial black holes, a stringent lower mass bound, and the imprints of an early matter to radiation transition
• Enhanced Gravitational Waves from Inflaton Oscillons
• Primordial black holes and secondary gravitational waves from chaotic inflation
• Enhancement of primordial curvature perturbations in $R^3$-corrected Starobinsky-Higgs inflation
• Induced gravitational waves from slow-roll inflation after an enhancing phase
• Primordial black holes and secondary gravitational waves from string inspired general no-scale supergravity
• Expansion history-dependent oscillations in the scalar-induced gravitational wave background
• Primordial black holes and gravitational waves from nonminimally coupled supergravity inflation
• Gravitational waves induced by scalar-tensor mixing
• Primordial black holes in non-canonical scalar field inflation driven by quartic potential in the presence of bump
• Primordial black holes and secondary gravitational waves from generalized power-law non-canonical inflation with quartic potential
• Could PBHs and secondary GWs have originated from squeezed initial states?
• The Third Order Scalar Induced Gravitational Waves
• Gauge transformation of scalar induced tensor perturbation during matter domination
• Primordial Black Holes from Conformal Higgs
• Detecting primordial features with LISA
• New universal property of cosmological gravitational wave anisotropies
• Primordial black holes and induced gravitational waves from double-pole inflation
• Toward the primordial black hole formation threshold in a time-dependent equation-of-state background
• Precision Early Universe Cosmology from Stochastic Gravitational Waves
• From formation to evaporation: Induced gravitational wave probes of the primordial black hole reheating scenario
• Primordial Non-Gaussianity from G-inflation
• Primordial black holes and third order scalar induced gravitational waves
• NANOGrav Hints on Planet-Mass Primordial Black Holes
• Unraveling the early universe's equation of state and primordial black hole production with PTA, BBN, and CMB observations
• Primordial Black Holes and Gravitational Waves in Multi-Axion-Chern-Simons Inflation
• Bound on Induced Gravitational Waves during Inflation Era
• Analytic study of dark photon and gravitational wave production from axion
• Scalar induced gravitational waves in modified teleparallel gravity theories
• Circularly polarized scalar induced gravitational waves from the Chern-Simons modified gravity
• Precision cosmology with primordial GW backgrounds in presence of astrophysical foregrounds
• Axion Poltergeist
• Primordial black holes generated by fast-roll mechanism in non-canonical natural inflation
• Scalar induced gravitational waves from Chern-Simons gravity during inflation era
• Inflation from Multiple Pseudo-Scalar Fields: PBH Dark Matter and Gravitational Waves
• Constraining the history of reheating with the NANOGrav 15-year data
• Scalar induced gravitational waves in symmetric teleparallel gravity with a parity-violating term
• Primordial Black Holes and Induced Gravitational Waves from a Smooth Crossover beyond Standard Model
• Induced gravitational waves and baryon asymmetry fluctuations from primordial black hole formation
• Induced gravitational waves from statistically anisotropic scalar perturbations
• Gravitational Waves From No-Scale Supergravity
• Fundamental Physics and Cosmology with TianQin
• Scalar induced gravitational waves in chiral scalar-tensor theory of gravity
• Irreducible cosmological backgrounds of a real scalar with a broken symmetry
• Scalar induced gravitational waves review
• An Analytical Study of the Primordial Gravitational-Wave-Induced Contribution to the Large-Scale Structure of the Universe
• Constraints on primordial black holes for nonstandard cosmologies
• Measuring the scalar induced gravitational waves from observations
• Alternative LISA-TAIJI networks: Detectability of the Parity Violation in Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background
• Bayesian reconstruction of primordial perturbations from induced gravitational waves
• The LISA forecast on a smooth crossover beyond the Standard Model through the scalar-induced gravitational waves
• Inflation with two-form field: the production of primordial black holes and gravitational waves
• Beware of the running $n_s$ when producing heavy primordial black holes
• Gravitational waves induced by matter isocurvature in general cosmologies
• Cosmological Standard Timers from Unstable Primordial Relics
• Primordial black holes and scalar-induced gravitational waves from the polynomial attractor model
• Constraints on the Sharpness of the Curvature Power Spectrum
• Primordial gravitational waves and curvature perturbations induced energy density perturbation
• Minimal Magnetogenesis: The Role of Inflationary Perturbations and ALPs, and Its Gravitational Wave Signatures
• Probing the equation of state of neutron stars with captured primordial black holes
• Gravitational Waves from a Gauge Field Non-minimally Coupled to Gravity
• Observable Gravitational Wave Strain at Second Order
• Unique gravitational wave signatures of GLPV scalar-tensor theories
• Constraining scotogenic dark matter and primordial black holes using gravitational waves
• Signatures of Primordial Gravitational Waves on the Large-Scale Structure of the Universe
• Primordial gravitational waves from excited states
• Gravitational Waves from Gauge Quanta Produced during Inflation
• Measuring the speed of scalar induced gravitational waves from observations
• The Dark Side of the Moon: Listening to Scalar-Induced Gravitational Waves
• Covariant transverse-traceless projection for secondary gravitational waves