Gravitational Waves from Phase Transitions at the Electroweak Scale and Beyond

Abstract

If there was a first order phase transition in the early universe, there should be an associated stochastic background of gravitational waves. In this paper, we point out that the characteristic frequency of the spectrum due to phase transitions which took place in the temperature range 100 GeV - 10^7 GeV is precisely in the window that will be probed by the second generation of space-based interferometers such as the Big Bang Observer (BBO). Taking into account the astrophysical foreground, we determine the type of phase transitions which could be detected either at LISA, LIGO or BBO, in terms of the amount of supercooling and the duration of the phase transition that are needed. Those two quantities can be calculated for any given effective scalar potential describing the phase transition. In particular, the new models of electroweak symmetry breaking which have been proposed in the last few years typically have a different Higgs potential from the Standard Model. They could lead to a gravitational wave signature in the milli-Hertz frequency, which is precisely the peak sensitivity of LISA. We also show that the signal coming from phase transitions taking place at T ~ 1-100 TeV could entirely screen the relic gravitational wave signal expected from standard inflationary models.

18 pages, 24 figures

References in corpus (19)

• Gravitational Wave Experiments and Early Universe Cosmology
• Gravitational Radiation from First-Order Phase Transitions
• Is There a Hot Electroweak Phase Transition at $m_H\gsim m_W$?
• Gravitational Radiation from Colliding Vacuum Bubbles: Envelope Approximation to Many-Bubble Collisions
• Endpoint of the hot electroweak phase transition
• First-Order Electroweak Phase Transition in the Standard Model with a Low Cutoff
• The Gravitational Wave Background from Cosmological Compact Binaries
• Gravitational Radiation From Cosmological Turbulence
• Gravitational waves from stochastic relativistic sources: primordial turbulence and magnetic fields
• Gravitational Waves from Electroweak Phase Transitions
• The universality class of the electroweak theory
• Direct detection of the inflationary gravitational wave background
• BBO and the Neutron-Star-Binary Subtraction Problem
• Relic Backgrounds of Gravitational Waves from Cosmic Turbulence
• Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background from Cosmological Supernovae
• Relic gravitational waves from colliding bubbles and cosmic turbulence
• Electroweak Bubble Wall Friction: Analytic Results
• Symmetry Nonrestoration at High Temperature in Little Higgs Models
• Microwave apparatus for gravitational waves observation

Cited by in corpus (319)

• Science with the space-based interferometer eLISA. II: Gravitational waves from cosmological phase transitions
• Cosmological Backgrounds of Gravitational Waves
• Electroweak baryogenesis
• Energy Budget of Cosmological First-order Phase Transitions
• Gravitational Wave Production by Collisions: More Bubbles
• The stochastic gravitational wave background from turbulence and magnetic fields generated by a first-order phase transition
• Gravitational Waves Induced by non-Gaussian Scalar Perturbations
• Science with the space-based interferometer LISA. IV: Probing inflation with gravitational waves
• Strong Electroweak Phase Transitions in the Standard Model with a Singlet
• Cosmological Backgrounds of Gravitational Waves and eLISA/NGO: Phase Transitions, Cosmic Strings and Other Sources
• Gravitational Waves From a Dark (Twin) Phase Transition
• Cosmology with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
• On the Maximal Strength of a First-Order Electroweak Phase Transition and its Gravitational Wave Signal
• General Properties of the Gravitational Wave Spectrum from Phase Transitions
• Gravitational wave generation from bubble collisions in first-order phase transitions: an analytic approach
• Theory and Numerics of Gravitational Waves from Preheating after Inflation
• An Atomic Gravitational Wave Interferometric Sensor (AGIS)
• Higgs Boson Studies at Future Particle Colliders
• Gravitational wave energy budget in strongly supercooled phase transitions
• A Gravitational Wave Background from Reheating after Hybrid Inflation
• Can electroweak bubble walls run away?
• Gravitational Wave Production At The End Of Inflation
• Dynamics of Non-renormalizable Electroweak Symmetry Breaking
• The First Three Seconds: a Review of Possible Expansion Histories of the Early Universe
• Cosmological phase transitions: from perturbative particle physics to gravitational waves
• The Spectrum of Gravitational Radiation from Primordial Turbulence
• Cosmic phase transitions: their applications and experimental signatures
• Electroweak baryogenesis and gravitational waves from a real scalar singlet
• Novel Effects in Electroweak Breaking from a Hidden Sector
• Relating gravitational wave constraints from primordial nucleosynthesis, pulsar timing, laser interferometers, and the CMB: implications for the early universe
• Universal infrared scaling of gravitational wave background spectra
• Darkogenesis
• Gravitational Waves from Warped Spacetime
• Gravitational wave, collider and dark matter signals from a scalar singlet electroweak baryogenesis
• Dark, Cold, and Noisy: Constraining Secluded Hidden Sectors with Gravitational Waves
• Gravitational waves from first-order cosmological phase transitions: lifetime of the sound wave source
• A review of gravitational waves from cosmic domain walls
• Gravity waves and non-Gaussian features from particle production in a sector gravitationally coupled to the inflaton
• Gravitational waves from a first order electroweak phase transition: a brief review
• Building and testing models with extended Higgs sectors
• Cosmological Consequences of Nearly Conformal Dynamics at the TeV scale
• Dynamical generation of the weak and Dark Matter scale
• Some Cosmological Implications of Hidden Sectors
• Probing the pre-BBN universe with gravitational waves from cosmic strings
• Beyond the Standard Models with Cosmic Strings
• Induced gravitational waves as a probe of thermal history of the universe
• Gravitational Waves from Abelian Gauge Fields and Cosmic Strings at Preheating
• Phase Transitions in an Expanding Universe: Stochastic Gravitational Waves in Standard and Non-Standard Histories
• An Atomic Gravitational Wave Interferometric Sensor in Low Earth Orbit (AGIS-LEO)
• Model Discrimination in Gravitational Wave spectra from Dark Phase Transitions
• Induced gravitational wave background and primordial black holes
• Primordial black holes from a cosmic phase transition: The collapse of Fermi-balls
• Hearing the signals of dark sectors with gravitational wave detectors
• Gravitational waves as a probe of extended scalar sectors with the first order electroweak phase transition
• Higgs Self-Coupling as a Probe of Electroweak Phase Transition
• Collider and Gravitational Wave Complementarity in Exploring the Singlet Extension of the Standard Model
• Production of Gravitational Waves in the nMSSM
• Updated predictions for gravitational waves produced in a strongly supercooled phase transition
• Model-independent energy budget of cosmological first-order phase transitions
• Dynamics of Electroweak Phase Transition In Singlet-Scalar Extension of the Standard Model
• Gravitational waves from bubble dynamics: Beyond the Envelope
• Solving differential equations with neural networks: Applications to the calculation of cosmological phase transitions
• Improved Upper Limits on the Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background from 2009-2010 LIGO and Virgo Data
• Probing the Scale of New Physics by Advanced LIGO/VIRGO
• Strong gravitational radiation from a simple dark matter model
• Blue-tilted Tensor Spectrum and Thermal History of the Universe
• Detectability of Gravitational Waves from Phase Transitions
• Strong electroweak phase transitions without collider traces
• Fermi-ball dark matter from a first-order phase transition
• Dark Matter as the Trigger of Strong Electroweak Phase Transition
• Gravitational Radiation Generated by Cosmological Phase Transition Magnetic Fields
• First principles determination of bubble wall velocity
• Probing the Universe through the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background
• The CP-Violating 2HDM in Light of a Strong First Order Electroweak Phase Transition and Implications for Higgs Pair Production
• Gravitational waves and electroweak baryogenesis in a global study of the extended scalar singlet model
• Gravitational Radiation from Primordial Helical Inverse Cascade MHD Turbulence
• Primordial Anisotropies in the Gravitational Wave Background from Cosmological Phase Transitions
• Hearing the echoes of electroweak baryogenesis with gravitational wave detectors
• Detection of Early-Universe Gravitational Wave Signatures and Fundamental Physics
• Gravitational waves and Higgs boson couplings for exploring first order phase transition in the model with a singlet scalar field
• Science with the TianQin Observatory: Preliminary Results on Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background
• Electroweak bubble wall expansion: gravitational waves and baryogenesis in Standard Model-like thermal plasma
• Gravitational wave probes of dark matter: challenges and opportunities
• The Science of the Einstein Telescope
• FindBounce: package for multi-field bounce actions
• Synergy between measurements of the gravitational wave and the triple Higgs coupling in probing first order phase transition
• Probing the Electroweak Phase Transition at the LHC
• Gravitational waves from bubble collisions and fluid motion in strongly supercooled phase transitions
• Peccei-Quinn Phase Transition at LIGO
• High Scale Electroweak Phase Transition: Baryogenesis & Symmetry Non-Restoration
• Gravitational Waves from Global Cosmic Strings and Cosmic Archaeology
• Relic gravitational waves from light primordial black holes
• Gravitational waves from conformal symmetry breaking
• Gravitational waves from the electroweak phase transition
• Velocity of electroweak bubble walls
• Revisiting the envelope approximation: gravitational waves from bubble collisions
• Observational prospects for gravitational waves from hidden or dark chiral phase transitions
• Gravitational waves from self-ordering scalar fields
• Model-independent bubble wall velocities in local thermal equilibrium
• Gravitational waves from the minimal gauged $U(1{)}_{B-L}$ model
• Baryogenesis and Gravitational Waves from Runaway Bubble Collisions
• Primordial black holes as a probe of strongly first-order electroweak phase transition
• Scientific Potential of DECIGO Pathfinder and Testing GR with Space-Borne Gravitational Wave Interferometers
• Primordial black holes from an electroweak phase transition
• Cosmological test of gravity with polarizations of stochastic gravitational waves around 0.1-1 Hz
• Fingerprinting models of first-order phase transitions by the synergy between collider and gravitational-wave experiments
• Robust approach to thermal resummation: Standard Model meets a singlet
• Gravitational waves from colliding vacuum bubbles in gauge theories
• Gravitational waves from the asymmetric-dark-matter generating phase transition
• Gravitational waves from fragmentation of a primordial scalar condensate into Q-balls
• Dimensional reduction of the Standard Model coupled to a new singlet scalar field
• Improved limits on short-wavelength gravitational waves from the cosmic microwave background
• Electroweak Phase Transition in the munuSSM
• Unrestored Electroweak Symmetry
• Gravitational Wave Pathway to Testable Leptogenesis
• Electroweak phase transition with composite Higgs models: calculability, gravitational waves and collider searches
• Electroweak Phase Transition and LHC Signatures in the Singlet Majoron Model
• Inflatable Dark Matter
• Generation of gravitational waves during early structure formation between cosmic inflation and reheating
• Gravitational Waves as a Probe of Left-Right Symmetry Breaking
• Gravitational Waves from Hidden QCD Phase Transition
• Gravitational wave and collider implications of electroweak baryogenesis aided by non-standard cosmology
• Conversion of relic gravitational waves into photons in cosmological magnetic fields
• Gravitational waves at aLIGO and vacuum stability with a scalar singlet extension of the Standard Model
• Probing electroweak phase transition with multi-TeV muon colliders and gravitational waves
• Supercool subtleties of cosmological phase transitions
• Exploring dynamical CP violation induced baryogenesis by gravitational waves and colliders
• Polarized Gravitational Waves from Cosmological Phase Transitions
• The Vev Flip-Flop: Dark Matter Decay between Weak Scale Phase Transitions
• Gravitational waves from first order electroweak phase transition in models with the $U(1{)}_X^{}$ gauge symmetry
• Gravitational Waves from Pati-Salam Dynamics
• Miniclusters in the Axiverse
• Probing the seesaw scale with gravitational waves
• Gravitational waves from first order phase transitions as a probe of an early matter domination era and its inverse problem
• Gravitational waves from global cosmic strings in quintessential inflation
• Supersymmetric Electroweak Baryogenesis Via Resonant Sfermion Sources
• Inflationary Cosmology Connecting Dark Energy and Dark Matter
• Magnetic field and gravitational waves from the first-order Phase Transition
• Higgsless simulations of cosmological phase transitions and gravitational waves
• Low-cost fermions in classical field simulations
• On the Transverse-Traceless Projection in Lattice Simulations of Gravitational Wave Production
• Gravitational wave from dark sector with dark pion
• Gravitational waves from a very strong electroweak phase transition
• Glueball scattering cross section in lattice SU(2) Yang-Mills theory
• The Dark Side of the Electroweak Phase Transition
• Gravitational Imprints of Flavor Hierarchies
• Cosmic Strings from Supersymmetric Flat Directions
• On gauge dependence of gravitational waves from a first-order phase transition in classical scale-invariant $U(1{)}^{\prime }$ models
• Gravitational Waves from Phase Transitions in Models with Charged Singlets
• Detonations and deflagrations in cosmological phase transitions
• A Perturbative RS I Cosmological Phase Transition
• The Benefits of Diligence: How Precise are Predicted Gravitational Wave Spectra in Models with Phase Transitions?
• Supercooling and phase coexistence in cosmological phase transitions
• Semi-Analytic Calculation of the Gravitational Wave Signal From the Electroweak Phase Transition for General Quartic Scalar Effective Potentials
• The bubble wall velocity in the minimal supersymmetric light stop scenario
• Stochastic Background of Gravitational Waves from Fermions -- Theory and Applications
• Gravitational Radiation from Primordial Helical MHD Turbulence
• Electroweak baryogenesis in aligned two Higgs doublet models
• Baryogenesis from an Earlier Phase Transition
• Probing the gauge symmetry breaking of the early universe in 3-3-1 models and beyond by gravitational waves
• Gravitational waves from the fragmentation of a supersymmetric condensate
• Baryon and Lepton Number Violation from Gravitational Waves
• Cosmological Signatures of a UV-Conformal Standard Model
• Spherical and non-spherical bubbles in cosmological phase transitions
• Stochastic Backgrounds of Gravitational Waves from Cosmological Sources: Techniques and Applications to Preheating
• Probing first-order electroweak phase transition via primordial black holes in the effective field theory
• Aligned CP-violating Higgs sector canceling the electric dipole moment
• Gravitational wave and Collider searches for the EWSB patterns
• Effects of the Axion Through the Higgs Portal on Primordial Gravitational Waves During the Electroweak Breaking
• Electroweak Baryogenesis, CDM and Anomaly-free Supersymmetric U(1)-prime Models
• Thermal Inflation and the Gravitational Wave Background
• Scale genesis and gravitational wave in a classically scale invariant extension of the standard model
• Electroweak Baryogenesis and Dark Matter with an approximate R-symmetry
• Gravitational Waves, Bubble Profile, and Baryon Asymmetry in the Complex 2HDM
• A Two-Component Dark Matter Model and its Associated Gravitational Waves
• Gravitational waves from deflagration bubbles in first-order phase transitions
• Pseudo-Goldstone dark matter: gravitational waves and direct-detection blind spots
• Gravitational waves and extra dimensions: a short review
• Polarization of gravitational waves from helical MHD turbulent sources
• Supersonic Electroweak Baryogenesis: Achieving Baryogenesis for Fast Bubble Walls
• Electroweak Phase Transition and Gravitational Waves in the Type-II Seesaw Model
• Gravitational footprints of massive neutrinos and lepton number breaking
• Friction forces on phase transition fronts
• New benchmark scenarios of electroweak baryogenesis in aligned two Higgs double models
• Probing the Electroweak Sphaleron with Gravitational Waves
• Renormalised nonequilibrium quantum field theory: scalar fields
• Two-loop analysis of classically scale-invariant models with extended Higgs sectors
• From quantum gravity to gravitational waves through cosmic strings
• Probing Early Universe Supercooled Phase Transitions with Gravitational Wave Data
• Universal gravitational-wave signatures from heavy new physics in the electroweak sector
• Prospects of gravitational waves in the minimal left-right symmetric model
• Logarithmically divergent friction on ultrarelativistic bubble walls
• Upper Bound on Thermal Gravitational Wave Backgrounds from Hidden Sectors
• Precision Early Universe Cosmology from Stochastic Gravitational Waves
• Di-Higgs Blind Spots in Gravitational Wave Signals
• Multi-step phase transitions and gravitational waves in the inert doublet model
• Probing multi-step electroweak phase transition with multi-peaked primordial gravitational waves spectra
• Stability of cosmological deflagration fronts
• Probing neutrino interactions and dark radiation with gravitational waves
• Gravitational Wave Signals from Multiple Hidden Sectors
• A two-component vector WIMP -- fermion FIMP dark matter model with an extended seesaw mechanism
• Magnetic field generation from bubble collisions during first-order phase transition
• Echoes of Inflationary First-Order Phase Transitions in the CMB
• Gravitational Techniwaves
• Bound on induced gravitational wave background from primordial black holes
• The Higgs field and early universe cosmology: a (brief) review
• Bounds on the bubble wall velocity
• XENON1T solar axion and the Higgs boson emerging from the dark
• Multi-wavelength observations of cosmological phase transitions using LISA and Cosmic Explorer
• Gravitational wave generation in a viable scenario of inflationary magnetogenesis
• Gravitational Waves from Q-ball Formation
• Lepton-mediated electroweak baryogenesis, gravitational waves and the $4\tau$ final state at the collider
• Gravitational Wave Signatures of Lepton Universality Violation
• The Cosmological Constant Problem and Inflation in the String Landscape
• Searching for lepton portal dark matter with colliders and gravitational waves
• Connecting the Extremes: A Story of Supermassive Black Holes and Ultralight Dark Matter
• Convergence of the nucleation rate for first-order phase transitions
• Gravitational waves from breaking of an extra $U(1)$ in $SO(10)$ grand unification
• Gravitational waves from cosmological phase transitions
• Higher Order Corrections to the Primordial Gravitational Wave Spectrum and its Impact on Parameter Estimates for Inflation
• New theories for the Fermi scale
• Unified Scenario for Composite Right-Handed Neutrinos and Dark Matter
• Slaying Axion-Like Particles via Gravitational Waves and Primordial Black Holes from Supercooled Phase Transition
• Electroweak Phase Transition in a Right-Handed Neutrino Superfield Extended NMSSM
• Stochastic Gravitational Waves from Post-inflationary Structure Formation
• Analytic approach to the motion of cosmological phase transition fronts
• Sensitivity to Dark Sector Scales from Gravitational Wave Signatures
• Gravitational waves from first order phase transitions during inflation
• Electroweak phase transition in the nearly aligned Higgs effective field theory
• Exact one-loop false vacuum decay rate
• Gravitational Waves from Axion Monodromy
• Higher-dimensional operators at finite-temperature affect gravitational-wave predictions
• Gravity Waves as a Probe of Hubble Expansion Rate During An Electroweak Scale Phase Transition
• Self Consistent Thermal Resummation: A Case Study of the Phase Transition in 2HDM
• Resonant top pair searches at the LHC: a window to electroweak phase transition
• Analytic thin wall false vacuum decay rate
• Gravitational-wave signatures from reheating
• Strongly first-order electroweak phase transition by relatively heavy additional Higgs bosons
• Effects of QCD Equation of State on the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background
• Testing aligned CP-violating Higgs sector at future lepton colliders
• Gravitational waves as a probe of SUSY scale
• Minimal length, maximal momentum and stochastic gravitational waves spectrum generated from cosmological QCD phase transition
• Gravitational Waves From Dark Sectors, Oscillating Inflatons, and Mass Boosted Dark Matter
• New Physics Search at the CEPC: a General Perspective
• Impact of SM parameters and of the vacua of the Higgs potential in gravitational waves detection
• PeV scale Left-Right symmetry and baryon asymmetry of the Universe
• Exo-Higgs at 750 GeV and Genesis of Baryons
• On Particle Production from Phase Transition Bubbles
• Cosmological phase transitions, gravitational waves and self-interacting dark matter in the singlet extension of MSSM
• Technically natural Higgs boson from Planck scale
• Gravitational waves from $\mathrm{SU}($$N$$)/Sp($$N$$)$ composite Higgs models
• Model-independent features of gravitational waves from bubble collisions
• Testing Unification and Dark Matter with Gravitational Waves
• Chiral gravitational effect in time-dependent backgrounds
• Probing CP violating Higgs sectors via the precision measurement of coupling constants
• Unveiling the cosmological QCD phase transition through the eLISA/NGO detector
• Primordial Clocks within Stochastic Gravitational Wave Anisotropies
• The Higgs mechanism as a cut-off effect
• Generalized uncertainty principle and stochastic gravitational wave background spectrum
• Prospecting bipartite Dark Matter through Gravitational Waves
• Electroweak phase transition triggered by fermion sector
• Cosmological bounces, cyclic universes, and effective cosmological constant in Einstein-Cartan-Dirac-Maxwell theory
• Discovery potential of Higgs boson pair production through 4$\ell$+$E/$ final states at a 100 TeV collider
• Gravitational waves and tadpole resummation: Efficient and easy convergence of finite temperature QFT
• Asymmetric Dark Matter from Gravitational Waves
• Detecting Cosmological Phase Transitions with Taiji: Sensitivity Analysis and Parameter Estimation
• Update on gravitational wave signals from post-inflationary phase transitions
• Left-Right Symmetry Breaking and Gravitational Waves : A Tale of Two Phase Transitions
• Cosmology in a supersymmetric model with gauged $B-L$
• Non-thermal production of heavy vector dark matter from relativistic bubble walls
• Interpreting the 95 GeV resonance in the Two Higgs Doublet Model: Implications for the Electroweak Phase Transition
• Neutrino Mass, Dark Matter and Baryon Asymmetry without Lepton Number Violation
• Phase Transitions and Gravitational Waves in a Model of ${\mathbb{Z}}_3$ Scalar Dark Matter
• Electroweak Phase Transition in an Inert Complex Triplet Model
• Upper limit on first-order electroweak phase transition strength
• Baryogenesis and gravitational waves in the Zee-Babu Model
• Bubble Trouble: a Review on Electroweak Baryogenesis
• Alternative LISA-TAIJI networks: Detectability of the Parity Violation in Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background
• Gravitational waves from first-order electroweak phase transition in a model with light sgoldstinos
• Gravitational-Wave Signatures of Chiral-Symmetric Technicolor
• Triple Higgs boson production and electroweak phase transition in the two-real-singlet model
• Domain walls and CP violation with left right supersymmetry:implications for leptogenesis and electron EDM
• Gravitational Wave Signatures of Gauged Baryon and Lepton Number
• Gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking and the cosmology of Left-Right symmetric model
• Barrow entropy and stochastic gravitational wave background generated from cosmological QCD phase transition
• Electroweak Phase Transition in Two Scalar Singlet Model with pNGB Dark Matter
• Gravitational waves in models with multicritical-point principle
• CP-violating effects on gravitational waves in a complex singlet extension of the Standard Model with degenerate scalars
• Gravitational Waves from Primordial Black Holes and New Weak Scale Phenomena
• Search for an emission line of a gravitational wave background
• Assessing the role of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at the QCD cosmological phase transition
• Phenomenology of electroweak bubbles and gravitational waves in the Littlest Higgs Model with T parity
• Electroweak baryogenesis in the three-loop neutrino mass model with dark matter
• Electroweak Phase Transition, Gravitational Waves and Collider Probes in Multi-Scalar Dark Matter Scenarios
• A narrow-band parameterization for the stochastic gravitational wave background
• Dark Matter and Electroweak Baryogenesis with Spontaneous $CP$ Violation in the Early Universe
• Shedding Light on Dark Sectors with Gravitational Waves
• A new gravitational wave background from the Big Bang
• A composite tale of two right-handed neutrinos
• Observable CMB B-modes from Cosmological Phase Transitions
• Particle Physics with Gravitational Wave Detector Technology
• Gravitational Wave Production and Baryogenesis in a Simple Left-Right model
• Revisiting Singlet Fermion Dark Matter with a Scalar Portal: Connecting Higgs Phenomenology and Strong Electroweak Phase Transition
• Baryogenesis via relativistic bubble expansion
• Finding sound shells in LISA mock data using likelihood sampling
• Prediction for Maximum Supercooling in SU(N) Confinement Transition
• Gravitational Waves in Metastable Supersymmetry Breaking
• Gauge-independent Gravitational Waves from Cogenesis in a $B-L$ Conserving Universe
• The gravitational waves from the collapsing domain walls in the complex singlet model
• Asymmetric Dark Matter in Extended Exo-Higgs Scenarios
• Probing the Neutrino Seesaw Scale with Gravitational Waves
• Primordial Black Hole Formation and Multimessenger Signals in a Complex Singlet Extension of the Standard Model
• Kination cosmology from scalar fields and gravitational-wave signatures
• Production of Primordial Gravitational Waves in Teleparallel Gravity
• A singlet scalar assisted $N_2$ Leptogenesis and Pseudo-Scalar Dark Matter
• Investigating a strong first-order electroweak phase transition in the RxSM at future linear $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ colliders and LISA
• Twin electroweak bubble nucleation and gravitational wave under the $S_3$ symmetry of two-Higgs-doublet model
• Sphaleron and gravitational wave with the Higgs-Dilaton potential in the Standard Model Two-Time Physics
• Cosmic Collider Gravitational Waves sourced by Right-handed Neutrino production from Bubbles: Testing Seesaw, Leptogenesis and Dark Matter