Model-independent features of gravitational waves from bubble collisions

Abstract

We study the gravitational radiation produced by the collisions of bubble walls or thin fluid shells in cosmological phase transitions. Using the so-called envelope approximation, we obtain analytically the asymptotic behavior of the gravitational wave spectrum at low and high frequencies for any phase transition model. The complete spectrum can thus be approximated by a simple interpolation between these asymptotes. We verify this approximation with specific examples. We use these results to discuss the dependence of the spectrum on the time and size scales of the source.

52 pages, 12 figures. v2: we considered two more specific cases (Gaussian and constant rates) and we expanded the discussion on time scales

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• Detection of Early-Universe Gravitational Wave Signatures and Fundamental Physics
• Supercool subtleties of cosmological phase transitions
• Sensitivity to Dark Sector Scales from Gravitational Wave Signatures
• Thin and thick bubble walls I: vacuum phase transitions
• Maximal GW amplitude from bubble collisions in supercooled phase transitions
• Gravitational waves from bubble walls