Model-independent energy budget for LISA

Abstract

We provide an easy method to obtain the kinetic energy fraction in gravitational waves, generated during a cosmological first-order phase transition, as a function of only the wall velocity and quantities that can be determined from the particle physics model at the nucleation temperature. This generalizes recent work that achieved this goal for detonations. Here we present the corresponding results for deflagrations and hybrids. Unlike for detonations, the sound speed in the symmetric phase also enters the analysis. We perform a detailed comparison between our model-independent approach and other approaches in the literature. We provide a Python code snippet to determine the kinetic energy fraction $K$ as a function of the wall velocity, the two speeds of sound and the strength parameter of the phase transition. We also assess how realistic sizable deviations in speed of sound are close to the phase transition temperature in a specific model.

arXiv comment31 pages, 5 figures, v2 matches published version

Cited by in corpus (75)

• Cosmology with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
• Cosmological phase transitions: from perturbative particle physics to gravitational waves
• Phase transitions in the early universe
• Exploring the Early Universe with Gaia and THEIA
• The Gravitational-Wave Physics II: Progress
• Detection of Early-Universe Gravitational Wave Signatures and Fundamental Physics
• Electroweak bubble wall expansion: gravitational waves and baryogenesis in Standard Model-like thermal plasma
• On the perturbative expansion at high temperature and implications for cosmological phase transitions
• Testing the dark SU(N) Yang-Mills theory Confined Landscape: From the Lattice to Gravitational Waves
• Conformal model for gravitational waves and dark matter: A status update
• Model-independent bubble wall velocities in local thermal equilibrium
• Gravitational waves from first-order phase transitions in LISA: reconstruction pipeline and physics interpretation
• The Scalar Singlet Extension of the Standard Model: Gravitational Waves versus Baryogenesis
• Can supercooled phase transitions explain the gravitational wave background observed by pulsar timing arrays?
• A hybrid simulation of gravitational wave production in first-order phase transitions
• Supercool subtleties of cosmological phase transitions
• Dark Confinement and Chiral Phase Transitions: Gravitational Waves vs Matter Representations
• Higgsless simulations of cosmological phase transitions and gravitational waves
• The Benefits of Diligence: How Precise are Predicted Gravitational Wave Spectra in Models with Phase Transitions?
• Effective picture of bubble expansion
• Higher-Order Corrections to the Bubble-Nucleation Rate at Finite Temperature
• Hydrodynamic sound shell model
• Prospects for LISA to detect a gravitational-wave background from first order phase transitions
• Bubble wall velocity during electroweak phase transition in the inert doublet model
• Effect of density fluctuations on gravitational wave production in first-order phase transitions
• Energy budget and the gravitational wave spectra beyond the bag model
• Reconstructing physical parameters from template gravitational wave spectra at LISA: first order phase transitions
• Possibility of multi-step electroweak phase transition in the two Higgs doublet models
• Gravitational Waves at Strong Coupling from an Effective Action
• Hydrodynamic backreaction force of cosmological bubble expansion
• Gravitational waves from a holographic phase transition
• Bubble-wall velocity in local thermal equilibrium: hydrodynamical simulations vs analytical treatment
• Criterion for ultra-fast bubble walls: the impact of hydrodynamic obstruction
• Prospects of gravitational waves in the minimal left-right symmetric model
• The energy budget of cosmological first-order phase transitions beyond the bag equation of state
• Constraints on holographic QCD phase transitions from PTA observations
• Bounds on the bubble wall velocity
• Bubble expansion at strong coupling
• Bubble dynamics in fluids with N-body simulations
• Updated constraints on Georgi-Machacek model, and its electroweak phase transition and associated gravitational waves
• Convergence of the nucleation rate for first-order phase transitions
• Gravitational Waves from dark composite dynamics
• Sound velocity effects on the phase transition gravitational wave spectrum in the sound shell model
• Sensitivity to Dark Sector Scales from Gravitational Wave Signatures
• Naturally small neutrino mass with asymptotic safety and gravitational-wave signatures
• Gravitational-wave signatures from reheating
• The hydrodynamics of inverse phase transitions
• PhaseTracer2: from the effective potential to gravitational waves
• Model-dependent analysis method for energy budget of the cosmological first-order phase transition
• Gravitational waves from first-order phase transitions: from weak to strong
• Bubble wall velocity and gravitational wave in the minimal left-right symmetric model
• Model-independent features of gravitational waves from bubble collisions
• Sub-GeV dark matter and nano-Hertz gravitational waves from a classically conformal dark sector
• Gravitational effects on fluid dynamics in cosmological first-order phase transitions
• Fundamental Physics and Cosmology with TianQin
• Interpreting the 95 GeV resonance in the Two Higgs Doublet Model: Implications for the Electroweak Phase Transition
• Observational prospects for phase transitions at LISA: Fisher matrix analysis
• Bubble Trouble: a Review on Electroweak Baryogenesis
• Searching for double-peak and doubly broken gravitational-wave spectra from Advanced LIGO-Virgo's first three observing runs
• General backreaction force of cosmological bubble expansion
• Steady-state bubbles beyond local thermal equilibrium
• Electroweak Phase Transition in Two Scalar Singlet Model with pNGB Dark Matter
• PT2GWFinder: A Package for Cosmological First-Order Phase Transitions and Gravitational Waves
• Inverse bubbles from broken supersymmetry
• Thermal evolution of dark matter and gravitational-wave production in the early universe from a symplectic glueball model
• Relation between higher-dimensional gauge theories and gravitational waves from first-order phase transitions
• DeepSSM: an emulator of gravitational wave spectra from sound waves during cosmological first-order phase transitions
• Gravitational wave induced baryon acoustic oscillations
• Gauge-independent Gravitational Waves from Cogenesis in a $B-L$ Conserving Universe
• Finding sound shells in LISA mock data using likelihood sampling
• Gravitational waves from bubble walls
• Speed of sound in cosmological phase transitions and effect on gravitational waves
• Complementary probe of dark matter blind spots by lepton colliders and gravitational waves
• Super-heated first order phase transitions
• A Catalog of First-Order Electroweak Phase Transitions in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory