First principles determination of bubble wall velocity

Abstract

The terminal wall velocity of a first-order phase transition bubble can be calculated from a set of fluid equations describing the scalar fields and the plasma's state. We rederive these equations from the energy-momentum tensor conservation and the Boltzmann equation, without linearizing in the background temperature and fluid velocity. The resulting equations have a finite solution for any wall velocity. We propose a spectral method to integrate the Boltzmann equation, which is simple, efficient and accurate. As an example, we apply this new methodology to the singlet scalar extension of the standard model. We find that all solutions are naturally categorized as deflagrations ($v_w\sim c_s$) or ultrarelativistic detonations (${\gamma }_w\gtrsim 10$). Furthermore, the contributions from out-of-equilibrium effects are, most of the time, subdominant. Finally, we use these results to propose several approximation schemes with increasing levels of complexity and accuracy. They can be used to considerably simplify the methodology while correctly describing the qualitative behavior of the bubble wall.

17 pages, 6 figures

References in corpus (17)

• Singlet Higgs Phenomenology and the Electroweak Phase Transition
• Gravitational Waves from Phase Transitions at the Electroweak Scale and Beyond
• Novel Effects in Electroweak Breaking from a Hidden Sector
• Strong First Order Electroweak Phase Transition in the CP-Conserving 2HDM Revisited
• A unified explanation for dark matter and electroweak baryogenesis with direct detection and gravitational wave signatures
• Electroweak Phase Transition and Baryogenesis in the nMSSM
• Dynamics of Electroweak Phase Transition In Singlet-Scalar Extension of the Standard Model
• Bubble wall velocity: heavy physics effects
• From Boltzmann equations to steady wall velocities
• Gravitational waves and Higgs boson couplings for exploring first order phase transition in the model with a singlet scalar field
• Bubble wall dynamics at the electroweak phase transition
• Hydrodynamic obstruction to bubble expansion
• A sonic boom in bubble wall friction
• Electroweak baryogenesis in the Z3-invariant NMSSM
• The minimal fermionic model of electroweak baryogenesis
• Quantum transport and the phase space structure of the Wightman functions
• Electroweak baryogenesis from light fermion sources: a critical study

Cited by in corpus (12)

• Leptogenesis triggered by a first-order phase transition
• The Scalar Singlet Extension of the Standard Model: Gravitational Waves versus Baryogenesis
• The trap in the early Universe: impact on the interplay between gravitational waves and LHC physics in the 2HDM
• Bubble wall velocity during electroweak phase transition in the inert doublet model
• Hydrodynamic backreaction force of cosmological bubble expansion
• A perfect fluid hydrodynamic picture of domain wall velocities at strong coupling
• Multi-step phase transitions and gravitational waves in the inert doublet model
• Bubble dynamics in fluids with N-body simulations
• Model-dependent analysis method for energy budget of the cosmological first-order phase transition
• Bubble nucleation and gravitational wave from holography
• PeV-scale leptogenesis, gravity waves and black holes from a SUSY-breaking phase transition
• Speed of sound in cosmological phase transitions and effect on gravitational waves