Upper Bound on Thermal Gravitational Wave Backgrounds from Hidden Sectors

Abstract

Hot viscous plasmas unavoidably emit a gravitational wave background, similar to electromagnetic black body radiation. We study the contribution from hidden particles to the diffuse background emitted by the primordial plasma in the early universe. While this contribution can easily dominate over that from Standard Model particles, we find that both are capped by a generic upper bound that makes them difficult to detect with interferometers in the foreseeable future. We illustrate our results for axions and heavy neutral leptons. Finally, our results suggest that previous works overestimated the gravitational wave background from particle decays out of thermal equilibrium.

arXiv comment46 pages, 6 figures

References in corpus (90)

• Sterile Neutrinos as Dark Matter
• Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
• Science Case for the Einstein Telescope
• The Temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background
• Freeze-In Production of FIMP Dark Matter
• The $\nu$MSM, Dark Matter and Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe
• Possibility of Direct Measurement of the Acceleration of the Universe Using 0.1 Hz Band Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Antenna in Space
• Science with the space-based interferometer eLISA. II: Gravitational waves from cosmological phase transitions
• Cosmological Backgrounds of Gravitational Waves
• Gravitational Radiation from First-Order Phase Transitions
• Cosmology with a Primordial Scaling Field
• A New Dark Matter Candidate: Non-thermal Sterile Neutrinos
• A facility to Search for Hidden Particles at the CERN SPS: the SHiP physics case
• Detecting gravitational waves from cosmological phase transitions with LISA: an update
• Beyond LISA: Exploring Future Gravitational Wave Missions
• Experimental Searches for the Axion and Axion-like Particles
• Transport coefficients in high temperature gauge theories: (II) Beyond leading log
• The landscape of QCD axion models
• Transport coefficients in high temperature gauge theories: (I) Leading-log results
• How long before the end of inflation were observable perturbations produced?
• Baryogenesis via neutrino oscillations
• Astrophysical Axion Bounds
• Sensitivity curves for searches for gravitational-wave backgrounds
• Detecting the Cosmic Gravitational Wave Background with the Big Bang Observer
• Upper Limits on the Isotropic Gravitational-Wave Background from Advanced LIGO's and Advanced Virgo's Third Observing Run
• Gravitational Waves from Phase Transitions at the Electroweak Scale and Beyond
• Matter and Antimatter in the Universe
• Hydrodynamic Transport Coefficients in Relativistic Scalar Field Theory
• Effective Kinetic Theory for High Temperature Gauge Theories
• Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter
• Long-Lived Particles at the Energy Frontier: The MATHUSLA Physics Case
• A White Paper on keV Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter
• The $\nu$MSM, Inflation, and Dark Matter
• Challenges and Opportunities of Gravitational Wave Searches at MHz to GHz Frequencies
• Invisible Axion Search Methods
• From Quantum Field Theory to Hydrodynamics: Transport Coefficients and Effective Kinetic Theory
• Cosmology with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
• The Phenomenology of Right Handed Neutrinos
• First CMB Constraints on the Inflationary Reheating Temperature
• Production of Massive Fermions at Preheating and Leptogenesis
• Detecting high-frequency gravitational waves with optically-levitated sensors
• New Sensitivity Curves for Gravitational-Wave Signals from Cosmological Phase Transitions
• Gravitational Waves from Electroweak Phase Transitions
• Detecting a gravitational-wave background with next-generation space interferometers
• Primordial gravitational waves, precisely: The role of thermodynamics in the Standard Model
• Standard Model-Axion-Seesaw-Higgs Portal Inflation. Five problems of particle physics and cosmology solved in one stroke
• Dark, Cold, and Noisy: Constraining Secluded Hidden Sectors with Gravitational Waves
• Gravitational waves constraints on post-inflationary phases stiffer than radiation
• The Present and Future Status of Heavy Neutral Leptons
• Gravitational waves from a first order electroweak phase transition: a brief review
• Detecting High-Frequency Gravitational Waves with Microwave Cavities
• Inflation and the Scale Dependent Spectral Index: Prospects and Strategies
• Transport equations for chiral fermions to order \hbar and electroweak baryogenesis: Part I
• Gravitational Wave Detection with High Frequency Phonon Trapping Acoustic Cavities
• Thermal production of relativistic Majorana neutrinos: Strong enhancement by multiple soft scattering
• Gravitational Waves as a Big Bang Thermometer
• Minimal Warm Inflation
• Gravitational wave background from Standard Model physics: Qualitative features
• Gravitational wave background from Standard Model physics: Complete leading order
• Thermalization Process after Inflation and Effective Potential of Scalar Field
• Potential of radio telescopes as high-frequency gravitational wave detectors
• Electromagnetic Antennas for the Resonant Detection of the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background
• Thermal Relics in Modified Cosmologies: Bounds on Evolution Histories of the Early Universe and Cosmological Boosts for PAMELA
• Reheating the Standard Model from a hidden sector
• Primordial backgrounds of relic gravitons
• Searches for Long-Lived Particles at the Future FCC-ee
• Why is there more matter than antimatter? Calculational methods for leptogenesis and electroweak baryogenesis
• MAGO2.0: Electromagnetic Cavities as Mechanical Bars for Gravitational Waves
• Gravitational Wave from Graviton Bremsstrahlung during Reheating
• Status of rates and rate equations for thermal leptogenesis
• The Boltzmann Equation from Quantum Field Theory
• Turn up the volume: Listening to phase transitions in hot dark sectors
• Freezing-In Gravitational Waves
• Minimal warm inflation with complete medium response
• Gravitational wave background from non-Abelian reheating after axion-like inflation
• Dark Matter and Gravity Waves from a Dark Big Bang
• Snowmass2021 CMB-HD White Paper
• Gravitational wave background from vacuum and thermal fluctuations during axion-like inflation
• Finite Width in out-of-Equilibrium Propagators and Kinetic Theory
• Primordial gravitational waves in a minimal model of particle physics and cosmology
• Testing Realistic $SO(10)$ SUSY GUTs with Proton Decay and Gravitational Waves
• Relativistic and spectator effects in leptogenesis with heavy sterile neutrinos
• Effective Action for Cosmological Scalar Fields at Finite Temperature
• Relic gravitons and high-frequency detectors
• Shape of the hot topological charge density spectral function
• LiteBIRD and CMB-S4 Sensitivities to Reheating in Plateau Models of Inflation
• Portal Effective Theories: A framework for the model independent description of light hidden sector interactions
• Hydrodynamic fluctuations from a weakly coupled scalar field
• General Markovian Equation for Scalar Fields in a Slowly Evolving Background
• Electromagnetic high-frequency gravitational wave detection

Cited by in corpus (13)

• Challenges and Opportunities of Gravitational Wave Searches above 10 kHz
• LiteBIRD and CMB-S4 Sensitivities to Reheating in Plateau Models of Inflation
• Double-graviton production from Standard Model plasma
• Enhanced primordial gravitational waves from a stiff post-inflationary era due to an oscillating inflaton
• Connecting Cosmic Inflation to Particle Physics with LiteBIRD, CMB-S4, EUCLID and SKA
• Thermal Gravitons from Warm Inflation
• No Warm Inflation From a Vanilla Axion
• New Particles at the Z-Pole: Tera-Z factories as discovery and precision machines
• Freeze-in gravitational waves and dark matter in warm inflation
• Probing Gravitational Dark Matter with Ultra-high Frequency Gravitational Waves
• High-frequency gravitational waves from first-order phase transitions
• Stochastic gravitational wave from graviton bremsstrahlung in inflaton decay into massive spin 3/2 particles
• AliCPT Sensitivity to Cosmic Reheating