Probing the Electroweak Sphaleron with Gravitational Waves

Abstract

We present the relation between the sphaleron energy and the gravitational wave signals from a first order electroweak phase transition. The crucial ingredient is the scaling law between the sphaleron energy at the temperature of the phase transition and that at zero temperature. We estimate the baryon number preservation criterion, and observe that for a sufficiently strong phase transition, it is possible to probe the electroweak sphaleron using measurements of future space-based gravitational wave detectors.

10 pages, 4 figures

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• Magnetic field and gravitational waves from the first-order Phase Transition
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• Electroweak Phase Transition and Gravitational Waves in the Type-II Seesaw Model
• The Electro-Weak Phase Transition at Colliders: Confronting Theoretical Uncertainties and Complementary Channels
• Magnetic field generation from bubble collisions during first-order phase transition
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• Lepton-mediated electroweak baryogenesis, gravitational waves and the $4\tau$ final state at the collider
• SMEFT effects on gravitational wave spectrum from electroweak phase transition
• Heavy dark matter and Gravitational waves
• Inflation, electroweak phase transition, and Higgs searches at the LHC in the two-Higgs-doublet model
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• Twin electroweak bubble nucleation and gravitational wave under the $S_3$ symmetry of two-Higgs-doublet model