Detecting primordial features with LISA

Abstract

Oscillations in the frequency profile of the stochastic gravitational wave background are a characteristic prediction of small-scale features during inflation. In this paper we present a first investigation of the detection prospects of such oscillations with the upcoming space-based gravitational wave observatory LISA. As a proof of principle, we show for a selection of feature signals that the oscillations can be reconstructed with LISA, employing a method based on principal component analysis. We then perform a Fisher forecast for the parameters describing the oscillatory signal. For a sharp feature we distinguish between the contributions to the stochastic gravitational wave background induced during inflation and in the post-inflationary period, which peak at different frequencies. We find that for the latter case the amplitude of the oscillation is expected to be measurable with $<10\%$ accuracy if the corresponding peak satisfies $h^2{\Omega }_{\text{GW}}\gtrsim 10^{-12}$-$10^{-11}$, while for inflationary-era gravitational waves a detection of the oscillations requires a higher peak amplitude of $h^2{\Omega }_{\text{GW}}$, as the oscillations only appear on the UV tail of the spectrum. For a resonant feature the detection prospects with LISA are maximised if the frequency of the oscillation falls into the range ${\omega }_{\text{log}}=4$ to $10$. Our results confirm that oscillations in the frequency profile of the stochastic gravitational wave background are a worthwhile target for future detection efforts and offer a key for experimentally testing inflation at small scales.

28 pages, 15 figures

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• Induced gravitational waves from slow-roll inflation after an enhancing phase
• Sharp turns in axion monodromy: primordial black holes and gravitational waves
• Primordial Black Holes and Gravitational Waves in Multi-Axion-Chern-Simons Inflation
• Primordial Black Hole Formation in Non-Standard Post-Inflationary Epochs
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• Investigating the Origin of CMB Large-Scale Features Using LiteBIRD and CMB-S4
• Primordial observables of explicit diffeomorphism violation in gravity