Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter: Recent Developments

Abstract

Although the dark matter is usually assumed to be some form of elementary particle, primordial black holes (PBHs) could also provide some of it. However, various constraints restrict the possible mass windows to $10^{16}$ - $10^{17}$g, $10^{20}$ - $10^{24}$g and $10$ - $10^3{M}_{\odot }$. The last possibility is contentious but of special interest in view of the recent detection of black-hole mergers by LIGO/Virgo. PBHs might have important consequences and resolve various cosmological conundra even if they have only a small fraction of the dark-matter density. In particular, those larger than $10^3{M}_{\odot }$ could generate cosmological structures through the seed or Poisson effect, thereby alleviating some problems associated with the standard cold dark-matter scenario, and sufficiently large PBHs might provide seeds for the supermassive black holes in galactic nuclei. More exotically, the Planck-mass relics of PBH evaporations or stupendously large black holes bigger than $10^{12}{M}_{\odot }$ could provide an interesting dark component.

arXiv commentv3: 43 pages, 7 figures; accepted for publication in Annual Reviews; general improvements as well as updates covering recent LIGO/Virgo events

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• On $N$-body simulations of globular cluster stream
• Non-spherical effects on the mass function of Primordial Black Holes
• Bondi-Hoyle-Lyttleton Accretion in a Reactive Medium: Detonation Ignition and a Mechanism for Type Ia Supernovae
• Primordial Black Holes from Effective Field Theory of Stochastic Single Field Inflation at NNNLO
• Through the Looking Glass into the Dark Dimension: Searching for Bulk Black Hole Dark Matter with Microlensing of X-ray Pulsars
• Stronger Constraints on Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter Derived from the Thermal Evolution of the Intergalactic Medium over the Last Twelve Billion Years
• Identifying Spin Properties of Evaporating Black Holes through Asymmetric Neutrino and Photon Emission
• Gravitationally produced Dark Matter and primordial black holes
• Could Planck Star Remnants be Dark Matter?
• Wide binaries from the H3 survey: the thick disk and halo have similar wide binary fractions
• Primordial Black Hole Formation via Inverted Bubble Collapse
• Impact of radiation from primordial black holes on the 21-cm angular-power spectrum in the dark ages
• Primordial black holes as cosmic expansion accelerators
• Hunting Primordial Black Hole Dark Matter in Lyman-$\alpha$ Forest
• Primordial Black Holes Dark Matter and Secondary Gravitational Waves from Warm Higgs-G Inflation
• Bulk Black Hole Dark Matter
• Minihalos as probes of the inflationary spectrum: accurate boost factor calculation and new CMB constraints
• Revisiting Primordial Black Hole Capture by Neutron Stars
• CMB and 21cm bounds on early structure formation boosted by primordial black hole entropy fluctuations
• Cosmological Consequences of Domain Walls Biased by Quantum Gravity
• The effect of Primordial Black Holes and streaming motions on structure formation
• Simulations of Ellipsoidal Primordial Black Hole Formation
• An Extra-Dimensional Model of Dark Matter
• Gravitational waves and primordial black holes from chirality imbalanced QCD first-order phase transition with $\mathcal{P}$ and $\mathcal{C}\mathcal{P}$ violation
• Phase diagram determination at fivefold nuclear compression
• Multi-Messenger and Cosmological Constraints on Dark Matter through Two-Fluid Neutron Star Modeling
• A determination of the LMC dark matter subhalo mass using the MW halo stars in its gravitational wake
• Non-Halo Structures and their Effects on Gravitational Lensing
• Primordial Black Holes without fine-tuning from a light stochastic spectator field
• Astrometric Microlensing of Primordial Black Holes with Gaia
• A fixed point for black hole distributions
• Superpotential method and the amplification of inflationary perturbations
• Power spectrum of density fluctuations, halo abundances and clustering with primordial black holes
• Abundance of LIGO/Virgo Black Holes from Microlensing Observations of Quasars with Reverberation Mapping Size Estimates
• Model-independent discovery prospects for primordial black holes at LIGO
• Detecting Dark Compact Objects in Gaia DR4: A Data Analysis Pipeline for Transient Astrometric Lensing Searches
• Mergers of primordial black holes in extreme clusters and the $H_0$ tension
• Radio bounds on the mixed dark matter scenarios of primordial black holes and WIMPs
• Discriminating same-mass Neutron Stars and Black Holes gravitational wave-forms
• Capture of primordial black holes in extrasolar systems
• Threshold for PBH formation in the type-II region and its analytical estimation
• Scalar induced gravitational waves review
• Primordial black hole isocurvature modes from non-Gaussianity
• Cold Dark Matter Based on an Analogy with Superconductivity
• Exploring primordial black holes and gravitational waves with R-symmetric GUT Higgs inflation
• Hamiltonian Formalism for dynamics of particles in MOG
• Primordial black holes induced stochastic axion-photon oscillations in primordial magnetic field
• A numerical approach to stochastic inflation and primordial black holes
• Negative non-Gaussianity as a salvager for PBHs with PTAs in bounce
• Reconstruction methods and the amplification of the inflationary spectrum
• Type Ia Supernova Magnitude Step from the local Dark Matter Environment
• Accreting Black Holes in Dark Matter Halos
• Fundamental Physics and Cosmology with TianQin
• Limiting the Abundance of LIGO/Virgo Black Holes with Microlensing Observations of Quasars of Finite Size
• Big Bang Nucleosynthesis with $f(R)$ gravity scalarons and astrophysical consequences
• Baryogenesis: A Symmetry Breaking in the Primordial Universe Revisited
• Primordial Black-Hole-Based Pathways to Little Red Dots
• Low Mass Naked Singularities from Dark Core Collapse
• Implications of Pulsar Timing Array Results for High Frequency Gravitational Waves
• Primordial black-hole formation and heavy r-process element synthesis from the cosmological QCD transition. Two aspects of an inhomogeneous early Universe
• Feasibility of Primordial Black Hole Remnants as Dark Matter in View of Hawking Radiation Recoil
• Analytic Approximations for the Velocity Suppression of Dark Matter Capture
• On mass spectra of primordial black holes
• Gravitational capture of magnetic monopoles by primordial black holes in the early universe
• Red-Giant Branch Stellar Cores as Macroscopic Dark Matter Detectors
• Scalar-Induced Gravitational Waves in a $\Lambda$CDM Cosmology
• Dark Matter Spike surrounding Supermassive Black Holes Binary and the Nanohertz Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background
• Microlensing at Cosmological Distances: Event Rate Predictions in the Warhol Arc of MACS 0416
• Extended mass distribution of PBHs during QCD phase transition: SGWB and mini-EMRIs
• Improved Constraints on Dark Matter Annihilations Around Primordial Black Holes
• Primordial black holes and mirror dark matter
• Astrophysics with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
• The primordial black holes solution to the cosmological monopole problem
• Fast Radio Bursts signal high-frequency gravitational waves
• Possibility of Primordial black holes Collision with Earth and the Consequences
• Debye Screening of Non-Abelian Plasmas in Curved Spacetimes
• Gravitational atoms beyond the test field limit: The case of Sgr A* and ultralight dark matter
• Evolution of the DM distribution function in the density spikes around PBHs
• Non-thermal WIMPy Baryogenesis with Primordial Black Hole
• Probing cosmic chemical enrichment with next-generation gravitational-wave observatories
• The quantum cosmological tilt and the origin of dark matter
• Can Primordial Black Holes form in the Standard Model ?
• Non-minimally coupled electromagnetic fields and observable implications for primordial black holes
• Dancing with invisible partners: Three-body exchanges with primordial black holes
• Gravitational wave signals from primordial black holes orbiting solar-type stars
• Picolensing as a Probe of Primordial Black Hole Dark Matter
• Primordial Black Holes Evaporating before Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
• Machine Learning-Based Analytical Expressions for Gray-Body Factors and Application to Primordial Black Holes
• Large curvature fluctuations from no-scale supergravity with a spectator field
• Non-Gaussianities and Primordial Black Holes
• Constraining primordial black hole masses through $f(R)$ gravity scalarons in Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
• Modelling uncertainties in wide binary constraints on primordial black holes
• Survival of black holes through a cosmological bounce
• Particle dark matter density and entropy production in the early universe
• An analytical approximation of the evolution of the primordial curvature perturbation in the ultraslow-roll inflation
• Detecting gravitational signatures of dark matter with atom gradiometers
• Can asteroid-mass PBHDM be compatible with catalyzed phase transition interpretation of PTA?
• Updated cosmological constraints on Macroscopic Dark Matter
• Dip and non-linearity in the curvature perturbation from inflation with a transient non-slow-roll stage
• The evaporating primordial black hole fraction in cool-core galaxy clusters
• Primordial black hole formation in $\alpha$-attractor models: an analysis using optimized peaks theory
• The Effect of Gravitational Lensing on Fast Transient Event Rates
• Constraints on primordial black holes from interstellar dust temperature in the Galaxy
• In Search of Extraterrestrial Artificial Intelligence Through Dyson Sphere-like structures around Primordial Black Holes
• Discovery of faint double-peak Halpha emission in the halo of low redshift galaxies
• Search for sub-solar mass binaries with Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer
• Cosmological Standard Timers from Unstable Primordial Relics
• Primordial black holes from the ultraslow-roll phase in the inflaton--curvaton mixed field inflation
• The holographic space-time and black hole remnants as dark matter
• Hitchhiker's Guide to the Swampland: The Cosmologist's Handbook to the string-theoretical Swampland Programme
• Cosmological Formation of (2+1)-Dimensional Soliton Structures in Models Possessing Potentials with Local Peaks
• Primordial Intermediate and Supermassive Black Hole formation during the electron-positron annihilation epoch
• Primordial Black Holes in Induced Gravity Inflationary Models with Two Scalar Fields
• Microlensing of dark matter models in the Milky Way
• Primordial Black Hole Triggered Type Ia Supernovae I: Impact on Explosion Dynamics and Light Curves
• Information Wells and the Emergence of Primordial Black Holes in a Cyclic Quantum Universe
• Hawking Radiation Signatures from Primordial Black Holes Transiting the Inner Solar System: Prospects for Detection
• Primordial black holes as dark matter candidates: Multi-frequency constraints from cosmic radiation backgrounds
• On the detectability of gravitational waves from primordial black holes orbiting Sgr A*
• Weyl-Invariant Gravity and the Nature of Dark Matter
• Primordial blackhole formation: Exploring chaotic potential with a sharp step via the GLMS perspective
• Gravitational glint: Detectable gravitational wave tails from stars and compact objects
• Primordial blackholes from Gauss-Bonnet-corrected single field inflation
• Simulating Binary Primordial Black Hole Mergers in Dark Matter Halos
• Hawking Radiation of Nonrelativistic Scalars: Applications to Pion and Axion Production
• Accretion, Evaporation and Superradiance Phase Diagram of (Primordial) Black Holes and $10^{-21}-10^{21}$ eV Scalar, Vector, Tensor Fields
• Primordial black holes and scalar-induced gravitational waves from the polynomial attractor model
• Soliton foam formation in the early Universe
• Gravitational waves from an eccentric population of primordial black holes orbiting Sgr A${}^{\star }$
• Inflationary relics from an Ultra-Slow-Roll plateau
• Cosmological nanolensing by dense gas clouds
• Could regular primordial black holes be dark matter?
• Spinfoam tunneling of quantum geometries in angle variables
• The density profile of Milky Way dark matter halo constrained from the OGLE microlensing sky map
• The Cliff: A Metal-Poor Little Red Dot Hosting an Overmassive Black Hole at $z=3.55$
• Gravitational waves from primordial black hole dominance: The effect of inflaton decay rate
• Detecting meV-Scale Dark Matter via Coherent Scattering with an Asymmetric Torsion Balance
• Evaporation of Primordial Black Holes in a Thermal Universe: A Thermofield Dynamics Approach
• Study of primordial non-Gaussianity $f_{\mathrm{NL}}$ and $g_{\mathrm{NL}}$ with the cross-correlations between the scalar-induced gravitational waves and the cosmic microwave background
• Revisiting PBH accretion, evaporation and their cosmological consequences
• Conversion of protons to positrons by a black hole
• Dark matter dilution scenarios in the early universe
• Primordial Black Hole Formation in Rastall Gravity: Shifted Collapse Threshold and Exponential Abundance Sensitivity
• Post-inflationary production of particle Dark Matter: Hilltop and Coleman-Weinberg inflation
• Bubbles kick off primordial black holes to form more binaries
• Constant-rate inflation: primordial black holes from conformal weight transitions
• An accurate model for the primordial black hole mass distribution from a peak in the power spectrum
• Gravitational Ionization by Schwarzschild Primordial Black Holes
• Primordial Black Holes Formation Beyond the Standard Cosmic QCD Transition
• Primordial Black Hole Triggered Type Ia Supernovae II: Comparison with Supernova Remnants and Galactic Chemical Evolution
• Primordial black holes and induced gravitational waves from localized features in DBI inflation
• Primordial black hole driven cosmic acceleration
• Dynamics and merger rate of primordial black holes in a cluster
• Numerical simulations of primordial black hole formation via delayed first-order phase transitions
• Mergers of Binary Primordial Black Holes in Evolving Dark Matter Halos
• Primordial black holes formation in inflationary $F(R)$ models with scalar fields
• Cosmology from Strong Interactions
• Vector dark matter production during inflation in the gradient-expansion formalism
• Inflation with the Trace Anomaly Action and Primordial Black Holes
• $F$-term Multi-Field Inflation in Supergravity without Stabiliser Superfields
• What triggers type Ia supernovae: Prompt detonations from primordial black holes or companion stars?
• Primordial black holes and lepton flavor violation with scotogenic dark matter
• The Maximal Gravitational Wave Signal from Asteroid-Mass Primordial Black Hole Mergers At Resonant Microwave Cavities
• Dimensionally-dependent uncertainty relations, or why we (probably) won't see micro-black holes at the LHC, even if large extra dimensions exist
• Inflationary $\alpha$-Attractor Models with Singular Derivative of Potential
• Superradiant dark matter production from primordial black holes: Impact of multiple modes and gravitational wave emission
• Gamma-ray emission from primordial black hole-neutron star interaction
• Planck isocurvature constraint on primordial black holes lighter than a kiloton
• Gravitational Wave Effects on Radio Spectral Lines of Atomic Hydrogen: Hyperfine Splitting and Broadening Mechanisms
• Black Hole Mergers in Holographic Space-time Models of Inflation
• Investigating Primordial Black Hole Accretion through Cosmic Optical Depth
• Elastic Scattering of Cosmological Gravitational Wave Backgrounds: Primordial Black Holes and Stellar Objects
• More on gravitational waves from double monodromy inflation
• Constraining scotogenic dark matter and primordial black holes using gravitational waves
• Neutrino Emission and Plasma Heating from Primordial Black Holes: An Improved Approach to $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ Constraints
• The hand-made tail: Non-perturbative tails from multifield inflation
• Limits on primordial black holes detectability with Isatis: A BlackHawk tool
• Black-hole evaporation for cosmological observers
• The Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background from Primordial Gravitational Atoms
• Detection prospects for the GW background of Galactic (sub)solar mass primordial black holes
• Physics Beyond the Standard Model with BlackHawk v2.0
• Gravitational waves from resonant amplification of curvature perturbations during inflation
• A planet or primordial black hole in the outer region of the Solar system and the dust flow near Earth orbit
• Rotational Curves of the Milky Way Galaxy and Andromeda Galaxy in Light of Vacuum Polarization around Eicheon
• Stochastic Evolution of Primordial Black Holes to near-extremality in EFTs of Gravity
• Primordial black hole formation in k-inflation models
• Fast and Fewrious: Stochastic binary perturbations from fast compact objects
• Cherenkov Gravitational Radiation During the Radiation Era
• Cogenesis of visible and dark matter in a scotogenic model
• Exploring the parameter space of modified supergravity for double inflation and primordial black hole formation
• Gaussian Planck Relics are Ruled-Out as Dark Matter by LIGO
• Microscopic primordial black holes as macroscopic dark matter from large extra dimensions
• Catastrophic Dark Matter Capture
• Probing Dark Matter Substructure with Image Number Anomaly in Strong Lensing Systems
• An effective fluid description of scalar-vector-tensor theories under the sub-horizon and quasi-static approximations
• Novel Solar System Probes for Primordial Black Holes
• Revisiting constraints on asymmetric dark matter from collapse in white dwarf stars
• Purely quadratic non-Gaussianity from tachyonic instability: Primordial black holes and scalar-induced gravitational waves
• Born-Infeld AdS Black Holes Surrounded by Perfect Fluid Dark Matter
• Primordial black holes within Higgs hybrid metric-Palatini approach
• Evolution of primordial black holes in an adiabatic FLRW universe with gravitational particle creation
• Primordial black holes and the velocity acoustic oscillations features in 21 cm signals from the cosmic Dark Ages
• Memory burden effect of regular primordial black holes
• Correlating Gravitational Wave and Gamma-ray Signals from Primordial Black Holes
• A non-perturbative framework for N-point functions of locally non-Gaussian fields
• Shadows of Giants: Constraints on Stupendously Large Black Holes from Negative Sources against the Cosmic Microwave Background
• Gravitational microlensing constraints on primordial black holes by Euclid
• In-depth analysis of the clustering of dark matter particles around primordial black holes. Part III: CMB constraints
• Probing Ultra-light Primordial Black Holes as a Dark Matter Candidate
• Search for sub-solar primordial black holes in low mass ratio binaries with LIGO-Virgo O2 data and implications for the primordial black hole dark matter fraction
• Sensitivities on non-spinning and spinning primordial black hole dark matter with global 21 cm troughs
• Massive black holes in the first billion years with JWST
• Antinuclei from Primordial Black Holes
• Excess of substructure due to primordial black holes
• Gravitational Waves from Primordial Black Holes formed by Null Energy Condition Violation during Inflation
• Aspects of Spatially-Correlated Random Fields: Extreme-Value Statistics and Clustering Properties