Dark Matter Candidates and Searches

Abstract

Astrophysical observations suggest that most of the matter in the cosmos consists of a new form that has not been observed on Earth. The nature and origin of this mysterious dark matter are among the most pressing questions in fundamental science. In this review we summarize the current state of dark matter research from two perspectives. First, we provide an overview of the leading theoretical proposals for dark matter. And second, we describe how these proposals have driven a broad and diverse global search program for dark matter involving direct laboratory searches and astrophysical observations. This review is based on a Green Paper on dark matter prepared as part of the 2020 Astroparticle Community Planning initiative undertaken by the Canadian Subatomic Physics community but has been significantly updated to reflect recent advances.

40 pages, 15 figures, invited review article accepted for publication in the Canadian Journal of Physics for a special issue on "Particle Astrophysics in Canada," figures from other works reproduced with permission, V2 updated citations

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• Photon Masses in the Landscape and the Swampland
• Gravitational waves from primordial black holes collisions in binary systems
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• Non-Primordial Solar Mass Black Holes
• Proton Fixed-Target Scintillation Experiment to Search for Minicharged Particles
• (Not as) Big as a Barn: Upper Bounds on Dark Matter-Nucleus Cross Sections
• Vector Coherent Oscillation Dark Matter
• Closing the window for compressed Dark Sectors with disappearing charged tracks
• Gravitational wave forest from string axiverse
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• Regenerating a Symmetry in Asymmetric Dark Matter
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• Supernovae Sparked By Dark Matter in White Dwarfs
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• Signatures of Mirror Stars
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• A search for prompt lepton-jets in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
• Main sequence stars with asymmetric dark matter
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• First asteroseismic limits on the nature of dark matter
• Snowmass2021 Cosmic Frontier White Paper: Ultraheavy particle dark matter
• Cosmological Constraints on Invisible Decay of Dark Matter
• The Dark Side of the Electroweak Phase Transition
• Combined searches for dark matter in dwarf spheroidal galaxies observed with the MAGIC telescopes, including new data from Coma Berenices and Draco
• Searching for Secluded Dark Matter via Direct Detection of Recoiling Nuclei as well as Low Energy Electrons
• Revisiting Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis Constraints on Dark-Matter Annihilation
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• Implications of hydrodynamical simulations for the interpretation of direct dark matter searches
• How To Discover Mirror Stars
• Hidden-Sector Modifications to Gravitational Waves From Binary Inspirals
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• Neutrino Masses and Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter from the PeV Scale
• Direct Detection Limits on Heavy Dark Matter
• Dark matter annihilation radiation in hydrodynamic simulations of Milky Way haloes
• Blazar constraints on neutrino-dark matter scattering
• Asymmetric dark matter annihilation as a test of non-standard cosmologies
• On the health of a vector field with (R A^2)/6 coupling to gravity
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• Baryon and Lepton Number Violation from Gravitational Waves
• Solitosynthesis and Gravitational Waves
• The CYGNO Experiment
• Higgs portals to pulsar collapse
• Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter in Left-Right Theories
• Nuclear Fusion Inside Dark Matter
• Exploring dark matter microphysics with galaxy surveys
• Comprehensive Study of Neutrino-Dark Matter Mixed Damping
• Generalised form factor dark matter in the Sun
• First results from a hidden photon dark matter search in the meV sector using a plane-parabolic mirror system
• Gravitational wave signals of dark matter freeze-out
• Neutron star observations of pseudoscalar-mediated dark matter
• The dark matter component of the Gaia radially anisotropic substructure
• Can the ANITA anomalous events be due to new physics?
• The impact of the Large Magellanic Cloud on dark matter direct detection signals
• Freezing In, Heating Up, and Freezing Out: Predictive Nonthermal Dark Matter and Low-Mass Direct Detection
• Superheavy Dark Matter and ANITA's Anomalous Events
• Direct Detection of Atomic Dark Matter in White Dwarfs
• Velocity-dependent J-factors for annihilation radiation from cosmological simulations
• A Model of Metastable EeV Dark Matter
• Direct detection of fermionic and vector dark matter with polarised targets
• Gravitational Wave Signatures of Lepton Universality Violation
• Updated constraints on velocity and momentum-dependent asymmetric dark matter
• Aberration features in directional dark matter detection
• Informing dark matter direct detection limits with the ARTEMIS simulations
• Searching for Heavy Dark Matter near the Planck Mass with XENON1T
• Effects on the local dark matter distribution due to the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Dark matter spin determination with directional direct detection experiments
• Binary Collisions of Dark Matter Blobs
• Using LSST Microlensing to Constrain Dark Compact Objects in Spherical and Disk Configurations
• Neutrino Backgrounds in Future Liquid Noble Element Dark Matter Direct Detection Experiments
• Bose-Einstein condensate dark matter model with three-particle interaction and two-phase structure
• Gravitational Waves From Dark Sectors, Oscillating Inflatons, and Mass Boosted Dark Matter
• New Projections for Dark Matter Searches with Paleo-Detectors
• The DarkSide-20k experiment
• The local dark matter distribution in self-interacting dark matter halos
• On the gamma-ray emission from the core of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy
• Towards A Direct Detection of the Spin of Dark Matter
• Effective models of doped quantum ladders of non-Abelian anyons
• Particle detection and tracking with DNA
• Search for bosonic super-weakly interacting massive particles at COSINE-100
• Velocity-dependent J-factors for Milky Way dwarf spheroidal analogues in cosmological simulations
• Inverted dipole feature in directional detection of exothermic dark matter

Cited by in corpus (12)

• Axion Portal to Scalar Dark Matter: Unveiling Stabilizing Symmetry Footprints
• Probing Non-Minimal Dark Sectors via the 21 cm Line at Cosmic Dawn
• Genesis of baryon and dark matter asymmetries through ultraviolet scattering freeze-in
• Seasons of Dark Matter Freeze-In Shaped by the Weather of the Early Universe
• Ultralight Dark Matter from the Edge of Field Space
• Characterizing Dark Bosons at Chiral Belle
• Dark Matter Deficient Galaxies as Probes of Dark Matter
• State of the Art in Direct Dark Matter Detectors: Technologies, Performance, and Future Directions
• Future Dark Energy Constraints from Atomic Clocks
• Hermitian formulation for mass dimension one fermions: Flat and curved space-times
• Novel Solar System Probes for Primordial Black Holes
• Cosmological Implications of Thermodynamic Split Conjecture