Direct Detection of Sub-GeV Dark Matter

Abstract

Direct detection strategies are proposed for dark matter particles with MeV to GeV mass. In this largely unexplored mass range, dark matter scattering with electrons can cause single-electron ionization signals, which are detectable with current technology. Ultraviolet photons, individual ions, and heat are interesting alternative signals. Focusing on ionization, we calculate the expected dark matter scattering rates and estimate the sensitivity of possible experiments. Backgrounds that may be relevant are discussed. Theoretically interesting models can be probed with existing technologies, and may even be within reach using ongoing direct detection experiments. Significant improvements in sensitivity should be possible with dedicated experiments, opening up a window to new regions in dark matter parameter space.

9 pages. Updated figure and references. Freeze-in region corrected. Other minor clarifications

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• Measuring the Impact Ionization and Charge Trapping Probabilities in SuperCDMS HVeV Phonon Sensing Detectors
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• Models of decaying FIMP Dark Matter: potential links with the Neutrino Sector
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• Low-mass constraints on WIMP effective models of inelastic scattering using the Migdal effect
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• GLIMPSE: Graphene-based super-Light Invisible Matter Particle SEarch
• Directional Detectability of Dark Matter With Single Phonon Excitations: Target Comparison
• Can sub-GeV dark matter coherently scatter on the electrons in the Atom?
• Simulation of Dark Bremsstrahlung in GEANT4
• Observation of Time-Dependent Internal Charge Amplification in a Planar Germanium Detector at Cryogenic Temperature
• Detecting Boosted Dark Photons with Gaseous Detectors
• Bayesian technique to combine independently-trained Machine-Learning models applied to direct dark matter detection
• Sub-GeV Dark Matter Direct Detection with Neutrino Observatories
• Search for low-mass electron-recoil dark matter using a single-charge sensitive SuperCDMS-HVeV Detector
• Scalar Dark Matter in light of LEP and ILC Experiments
• Unveiling atomic electron motion effects in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ high energy collisions at NA64
• Underground Production of Electromagnetic Dark States by MeV-scale Electron Beams and Detection with CCDs
• Characterization of the background spectrum in DAMIC at SNOLAB
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• Nuclear and electron scattering by neutrinos and dark matter in condensed systems
• Detecting meV-Scale Dark Matter via Coherent Scattering with an Asymmetric Torsion Balance
• Revisiting big bang nucleosynthesis with a new particle species : effect of co-annihilation with nucleons
• Solar neutrinos as background in dark matter searches involving electron detection
• EDGES of the dark forest: A new absorption window into the composite dark matter and large scale structure
• Information divergences to parametrize astrophysical uncertainties in dark matter direct detection
• Dark Secrets of Baryons: Illuminating Dark Matter-Baryon Interactions with JWST
• Search for Solar Boosted Dark Matter Particles at the PandaX-4T Experiment
• A model of light pseudoscalar dark matter
• Plausible constraints and inflationary production for dark photons
• The Migdal effect in solid crystals and the role of non-adiabaticity
• Electronic structure of liquid xenon in the context of light dark matter direct detection
• Earth-Scattering Induced Modulation in Low-Threshold Dark Matter Experiments
• Sensitivity of an Early Dark Matter Search using the Electromagnetic Calorimeter as a Target for the Light Dark Matter eXperiment
• Detecting Dark Photons from Atomic Rearrangement in the Galaxy
• SENSEI: A Search for Diurnal Modulation in sub-GeV Dark Matter Scattering
• Primordial black holes as cosmic accelerators of light dark matter: Novel direct detection constraints
• Minicharged Particle Sensitivity of the MAPP Outrigger Detector
• Extracting Halo Independent Information from Dark Matter Electron Scattering Data
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• Probing P- and CP-violation in dark matter interactions
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• A general upper bound on the light dark matter scattering rate in materials
• The Dark Photon: a 2026 Perspective
• Lepton Number Violating Electron Recoils in a $U(1{)}_{B-L}$ Model with Non-Standard Interactions
• GaAs as a bright cryogenic scintillator for the direct dark matter detection
• Torsion Balance Experiments Enable Direct Detection of Sub-eV Dark Matter
• Dark Matter Energy Deposition and Production from the Table-Top to the Cosmos
• Boosting (In)direct Detection of Dark Matter
• Uncertainties in tellurium-based dark matter searches stemming from nuclear structure uncertainties
• Mapping the evolution of supernova-neutrino-boosted dark matter within the Milky Way
• Naturally Resonant Dark Matter from Extra Dimensions
• Thermal Leptophilic Light Vector Dark Matter with Spinor Mediator and Muon (g-2) Anomaly
• New constraints on dark matter from superconducting nanowires
• On the dark matter origin of an LDMX signal
• Dark Matter Detection With Bound Nuclear Targets: The Poisson Phonon Tail
• Solar Reflected Dark Matter under the Influence of a Dark Magnetic Field
• Production of Dark Photons through Higher Electromagnetic Moments at LDMX: Simulations and Model Discrimination
• Constraining light dark matter in vector-scalar portals with COSI and AMEGO-X
• First direct search for light dark matter interactions in a transition-edge sensor
• Study of sub-GeV Dipolar Dark States at SND@LHC within Invisible Bounds on Meson Decays
• Information-theoretic astrophysical uncertainties in the effective theory of dark matter direct detection
• Scattering meets absorption in dark matter detection
• Direct Detection and Cosmological Constraints of Dark Matter with Dark Dipoles
• Hydrogenated carbon structures as directional sub-GeV dark matter detectors
• Constraining the heavy leptophilic neutral gauge bosons through the $Z\to {\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$, $W^{\pm }\to {\ell }^{\pm }{\nu }_{\ell }$, and $h\to {\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$ decays