Direct constraints on the dark matter self-interaction cross-section from the merging galaxy cluster 1E0657-56

Abstract

We compare new maps of the hot gas, dark matter, and galaxies for 1E0657-56, a cluster with a rare, high-velocity merger occurring nearly in the plane of the sky. The X-ray observations reveal a bullet-like gas subcluster just exiting the collision site. A prominent bow shock gives an estimate of the subcluster velocity, 4500 km/s, which lies mostly in the plane of the sky. The optical image shows that the gas lags behind the subcluster galaxies. The weak-lensing mass map reveals a dark matter clump lying ahead of the collisional gas bullet, but coincident with the effectively collisionless galaxies. From these observations, one can directly estimate the cross-section of the dark matter self-interaction. That the dark matter is not fluid-like is seen directly in the X-ray -- lensing mass overlay; more quantitative limits can be derived from three simple independent arguments. The most sensitive constraint, sigma/m<1 cm^2/g, comes from the consistency of the subcluster mass-to-light ratio with the main cluster (and universal) value, which rules out a significant mass loss due to dark matter particle collisions. This limit excludes most of the 0.5-5 cm^2/g interval proposed to explain the flat mass profiles in galaxies. Our result is only an order-of-magnitude estimate which involves a number of simplifying, but always conservative, assumptions; stronger constraints may be derived using hydrodynamic simulations of this cluster.

Text clarified; some numbers changed slightly for consistency with final version of the accompanying lensing paper. 6 pages, uses emulateapj. ApJ in press

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• Non-relativistic and potential non-relativistic effective field theories for scalar mediators
• Constraint on the mass of fuzzy dark matter from the rotation curve of the Milky Way
• Probing dark matter interactions with 21cm observations
• Machine Learning Accelerated Likelihood-Free Event Reconstruction in Dark Matter Direct Detection
• Brane matter, hidden or mirror matter, their various avatars and mixings: many faces of the same physics
• Baryon-Interacting Dark Matter: heating dark matter and the emergence of galaxy scaling relations
• Cosmic acceleration from interaction of ordinary fluids
• Unified dark matter with intermediate symmetry breaking scales
• Bound-state formation, dissociation and decays of darkonium with potential non-relativistic Yukawa theory for scalar and pseudoscalar mediators
• Merging galaxy clusters in IllustrisTNG
• Quantum entanglement of ions for light dark matter detection
• X-Ray Shapes of Elliptical Galaxies and Implications for Self-Interacting Dark Matter
• Plasma dark matter direct detection
• The Evolution of AGN Activity in Brightest Cluster Galaxies
• Dark Matter and Naturalness
• The Chandra view of the Largest Quasar Lens SDSS J1029+2623
• Supersymmetric Partially Interacting Dark Matter
• Hidden Dark Matter from Starobinsky Inflation
• Direct probes of Dark Matter in the cluster 1ES0657-556 through microwave observations
• Dissipative Dark Cosmology: From Early Matter Dominance to Delayed Compact Objects
• An Asymmetric SIMP Dark Matter Model
• Core Fragmentation in Simplest Superfluid Dark Matter Scenario
• New generation low-energy probes for ultralight axion and scalar dark matter
• Dynamics of Merging Galaxy Clusters from Simulated Analogs
• Properties of Gravitationally Bound Dark Compact Ultra Dense Objects
• Sloshing of Galaxy Cluster Core Plasma in the Presence of Self-Interacting Dark Matter
• Cosmological implications of a Dark Matter self-interaction energy density
• Suzaku Observations of the Merging Cluster Abell 85: Temperature Map and Impact Direction
• Particle creation and decay in nonminimally coupled models of gravity
• The MeSsI (Merging Systems Identification) Algorithm & Catalogue
• HST and HSC Weak-lensing Study of the Equal-mass Dissociative Merger CIZA J0107.7+5408
• Gravitational microlensing as a probe for dark matter clumps
• Post-Newtonian parameter $\gamma$ and the deflection of light in ghost-free massive bimetric gravity
• Chiral Composite Asymmetric Dark Matter
• Dark Matter in Fractional Gravity I: Astrophysical Tests on Galactic Scales
• The Broadband Spectrum of Galaxy Clusters
• Probing Self-interacting Dark Matter with Disk Galaxies in Cluster Environments
• Connecting between inflation and dark matter in models with gauged $Z_3$ symmetry
• Effective theory for self-interacting dark matter and massive spin-2 mediators
• Solar Mass Primordial Black Holes in Moduli Dominated Universe
• Galaxy rotation curves disfavor traditional and self-interacting dark matter halos, preferring a disk component or Einasto function
• Search for lensing signatures in the gravitational-wave observations from the first half of LIGO-Virgo's third observing run
• Astrophysical Plasma Instabilities induced by Long-Range Interacting Dark Matter
• Dark Matter from a Conformal Dark Sector
• Universal scaling laws and density slope for dark matter haloes
• Radiative Mixing of the One Higgs Boson and Emergent Self-Interacting Dark Matter
• Accretion of Dissipative Dark Matter onto Active Galactic Nuclei
• Cosmological Tests of Gravity: A Future Perspective
• The Burst Cluster: Dark Matter in a Cluster Merger Associated with the Short Gamma Ray Burst, GRB 050509B
• Rapidly spinning dark matter-admixed neutron stars
• Probing Saraswati's heart: evaluating the dynamical state of the massive galaxy cluster A2631 through a comprehensive weak-lensing and dynamical analysis
• X-ray lines and self-interacting dark matter
• Witnessing a merging bullet being stripped in the galaxy cluster, RXCJ2359.3-6042
• Strong Lensing Model of SPT-CLJ0356-5337, a Major Merger Candidate at Redshift 1.0359
• Distance-duality in theories with a nonminimal coupling to gravity
• Gravitational-wave event rates as a new probe for dark matter microphysics
• A Joint Chandra and XMM-Newton View of Abell 3158: Massive Off-Centre Cool Gas Clump As A Robust Diagnostic of Merger Stage
• The three-dimensional geometry and merger history of the massive galaxy cluster MACS J0358.8-2955
• Scope of strongly self-interacting thermal WIMPs in a minimal $U(1{)}_D$ extension and its future prospects
• Multi-wavelength Observations of the Dissociative Merger in the Galaxy Cluster CIZA J0107.7+5408
• Bosenovae with Quadratically-Coupled Scalars in Quantum Sensing Experiments
• Sub-GeV dark matter and nano-Hertz gravitational waves from a classically conformal dark sector
• $(g-2{)}_{e,\mu }$ and strongly interacting dark matter with collider implications
• Gaseous drag on a gravitational perturber in Modified Newtonian Dynamics and the structure of the wake
• HeLIOS: The Superfluid Helium Ultralight Dark Matter Detector
• Suzaku Observations of Low Surface Brightness Cluster Abell 1631
• Search for ultralight dark matter with a frequency adjustable diamagnetic levitated sensor
• Non-Halo Structures and their Effects on Gravitational Lensing
• Black Holes from Fermi Ball Collapse
• An accurate strong lensing model of the Abell 2163 core
• Is it Mixed dark matter or neutrino masses?
• Testing self-interacting dark matter with galaxy warps
• Intracluster light is a biased tracer of the dark matter distribution in clusters
• Dark photon constraints from a 7.139 GHz cavity haloscope experiment
• Thermalization, Fragmentation and Tidal Disruption: The Complex Galactic Dynamics of Dark Matter Superfluidity
• Gravitational Lensing of Spherically Symmetric Black Holes in Dark Matter Halos
• SIMPly add a dark photon
• The abundance of Bullet-groups in LCDM
• Introduction to Non-Baryonic Dark Matter
• The Mass Distribution of the Unusual Merging Cluster Abell 2146 from Strong Lensing
• Investigating the Quantum Properties of Jets and the Search for a Supersymmetric Top Quark Partner with the ATLAS Detector
• Misalignment production of vector boson dark matter from axion-SU(2) inflation
• Geometric Support for Dark Matter by an Unaligned Einstein Ring in Abell 3827
• A new model for dark matter fluid sphere
• Spectator dark matter in non-standard cosmologies
• New Equation of Nonrelativistic Physics and Theory of Dark Matter
• Cooling of dark neutron stars
• Gusts in the Headwind: Uncertainties in Direct Dark Matter Detection
• Self-Interacting Dark Matter Scattering Rates Through Cosmic Time
• Strong Dark Matter Self-Interaction from a Stable Scalar Mediator
• Wave Dark Matter and the Tully-Fisher Relation
• Implications Of A Dark Sector U(1) For Gamma Ray Bursts
• Can the periodic spectral modulations of the 236 SETI candidate Sloan Survey stars be due to Dark Matter effects?
• Revealing Dark Matter's Role in Neutron Stars Anisotropy: A Bayesian Approach Using Multi-messenger Observations
• Dark Matter Annihilation Feedback in cosmological simulations I: Code convergence and idealised halos
• Dark Sector Coupling Bends the Superclusters
• Indications of an offset merger in Abell 3667
• The velocity field of the Lyra complex
• Impact of cosmic rays on the global 21-cm signal during cosmic dawn
• Search for solar bosonic dark matter annual modulation with COSINE-100
• Coherent Self-Interactions of Dark Matter in the Bullet Cluster
• Manifestations of dark matter and variations of fundamental constants in atoms and astrophysical phenomena
• Dissociation of dark matter and gas in cosmic large-scale structure
• BUFFALO Wild Wings: A High Precision Free-Form Lens Model of MACSJ0416 with Constraints on Dark Matter from Substructure and Highly Magnified Arcs
• Modelling self-interacting dark matter substructures I: Calibration with N-body simulations of a Milky-Way-sized halo and its satellite
• Can A Higgs Portal Dark Matter be Compatible with the Anti-proton Cosmic-ray?
• Exploring millicharged dark matter components from the shadows
• Dark Vector Mesons at LHC Forward Detector Searches
• Mapping dark matter in the Bullet Cluster using JWST imaging and spectroscopy
• Clash of Titans: a MUSE dynamical study of the extreme cluster merger SPT-CL J0307-6225
• High entropy and evidence for a merger in the low surface brightness cluster Abell 2399
• A Critique of Covariant Emergent Gravity
• Collisionless shocks in self-interacting dark matter
• Cosmology in One Dimension: The Two Component Universe
• A Higgsploding Theory of Dark Matter
• Neutrino masses and mixing from milli-charged dark matter
• The SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey: Large-scale view of the Centaurus cluster
• Co-Interacting Dark Matter
• The Hierarchy Problem: From the Fundamentals to the Frontiers
• Holography, large scale structure, supermassive black holes, and minimum stellar mass
• Quantum-Enhanced Dark Matter Search Using Cat States
• Dark matter spiral arms in Milky Way-like halos
• Testing merging of Dark Exotic Stars from Gravitational Waves in the Multi-messenger approach
• Dark Matter phenomenology : from simplified WIMP models to refined alternative solutions
• The Milky Way satellite galaxy Leo T: A perturbed cored dwarf
• Two merging galaxy clusters with very hot shock fronts observed shortly before pericentric passage
• The Merger Dynamics of the X-ray Emitting Plasma in Clusters of Galaxies
• Reshuffled Strongly Interacting Massive Particle Dark Matter
• Late-Time Dark Matter Oscillations and the Core-Cusp Problem
• $SU(3{)}_F$ Gauge Family Model and New Symmetry Breaking Scale From FCNC Processes
• Composite dark matter and direct-search experiments
• The Effects of Inertial Forces on the Dynamics of Disk Galaxies
• Mitigating the effect of the population model uncertainty on the strong lensing Bayes factor using nonparametric methods
• Photon counting for axion interferometry
• Neutron Star with Dark Matter Admixture: A Candidate for Bridging the Mass Gap
• Constraints on Long-Ranged Interactions Between Dark Matter and the Standard Model
• DESI forecast for Dark Matter-Neutrino interactions using EFTofLSS
• Observational constraints on the Kerr and its several single-parameter modified spacetimes using quasi-periodic oscillation data
• DARKSKIES: A suite of super-sampled zoom-in simulations of galaxy clusters with self-interacting dark matter
• An X-ray/optical study of the geometry and dynamics of MACS J0140.0-0555, a massive post-collision cluster merger
• Dark Resonance
• X-ray and optical analysis of the distant, merging double cluster SPT-CLJ2228-5828, its gas bridge, and shock front
• Phenomenological Aspects of the $E_6$SSM
• Chandra observations of the Abell S0295 cluster
• Cosmological parameters from Galaxy Clusters: an Introduction
• Measurement of the dark matter velocity anisotropy profile in galaxy clusters
• EDGES of the dark forest: A new absorption window into the composite dark matter and large scale structure
• Plasma Constraints on the Millicharged Dark Matter
• Holographic principle and large scale structure in the universe
• Chandra and XMM-Newton observations of the merging cluster of galaxies PLCK G036.7+14.9
• Comparable Dark Matter and Baryon energy densities from Dark Grand Unification
• Gravitational SIMPs
• Cosmological Dark Matter in a Conformal Model
• A Relativistic Scalar Model for Fractional Interaction between Dark Matter and Gravity
• DUNE potential for sub-GeV dark matter in proton beam dump mode
• Revisiting Flat Rotation Curves in Chern-Simons Modified Gravity
• Investigating the collinear splitting effects of boosted dark matter at neutrino detectors
• General relativity and cosmology
• MrMARTIAN: A Multi-resolution Mass Reconstruction Algorithm Combining Free-form and Analytic Components
• Many body gravity and the bullet cluster
• Unified origin for visible and dark matter in a baryon-symmetric universe from a first-order phase transition
• Search for low-mass hidden-valley dark showers with non-prompt muon pairs in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
• Reviving MeV-GeV Indirect Detection with Inelastic Dark Matter
• Resonant enhancement of axion dark matter decay
• Plausible Indication of Gamma-Ray Absorption by Dark Matter in NGC 1068
• Search for dark matter production in association with a single top quark in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
• Merger of massive galaxy cluster CL0238.3+2005 at z~0.4: just after pericenter passage?
• Plausible constraints and inflationary production for dark photons
• Decoupled Sectors and Wolf-Rayet Galaxies
• Many body gravity and the galaxy rotation curves
• A generalized Higgs potential with two degenerate minima for a dark QCD matter scenario
• A Closer Look in the Mirror: Reflections on the Matter/Dark Matter Coincidence
• Fundamental Physics with the Hubble Space Telescope
• Straight to the Source: Detecting Aggregate Objects in Astronomical Images with Proper Error Control
• Non-ideal self-gravity and cosmology: the importance of correlations in the dynamics of the large-scale structures of the Universe
• Constraining Merging Galaxy Clusters with X-ray and Lensing Simulations and Observations: The case of Abell 2146
• The Einstein-Klein-Gordon Equations, Wave Dark Matter, and the Tully-Fisher Relation
• Strongly-interacting massive particle and dark photon in the era of intensity frontier
• Dark matter haloes in the multicomponent model. III. From dwarfs to galaxy clusters
• An Interpretable AI Framework to Disentangle Self-Interacting and Cold Dark Matter in Galaxy Clusters: The CKAN Approach
• Constraining the Nature of Dark Matter from Tidal Radii of Cluster Galaxy Subhalos
• Prospects for Dark Boson at the LHC
• Merging Galaxy Clusters and the Search for New Physics of Dark Matter: A Review
• Influence of dark matter on hybrid and twin stars
• The Higgs Boson and its Physics -- an Overview
• Dark Matter profiles of "in silico" galaxies: deep learning inference
• Detectability of axion-like dark matter for different time-delay interferometry combinations in space-based gravitational wave detectors
• Fingerprints of freeze-in dark matter in an early matter-dominated era
• Effects of New Forces on Scalar Dark Matter Solitons
• Hunting modifications of gravity: from the lab to cosmology via compact objects
• Some Aspects of New CDM Models and CDM Detection Methods
• Accretion of self-interacting dark matter onto supermassive black holes
• Producing and constraining self-interacting hidden sector dark matter
• Probing late-time annihilations of oscillating asymmetric dark matter via rotation curves of galaxies
• Could dark matter be a natural consequence of a dynamical universe?
• Scattering meets absorption in dark matter detection
• Review on Dark Matter Tools
• Scalar Field Wave (Fuzzy) Dark Matter and the Formation of Galaxies
• Timing the last major merger of galaxy clusters with large halo sparsity
• Dark Matter Phenomenology: Sterile Neutrino Portal and Gravitational Portal in Extra-Dimensions
• Multi-scalar signature of self-interacting dark matter in the NMSSM and beyond
• Axion-like Particle Search with a Light-Shining-Through-Walls Setup at a $\gamma$-$\gamma$ Collider
• Impact of LHC Run-1 on particle astrophysics
• XTE J1814-338 as a strange star admixed with bosonic dark matter
• Beyond LCDM: Bits join the Dark Side
• Modified Supersymmetric Dark Sectors
• Considerations on supersymmetric Dark Matter beyond the MSSM