The Waning of the WIMP? A Review of Models, Searches, and Constraints

Abstract

Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) are among the best-motivated dark matter candidates. In light of no conclusive detection signal yet despite an extensive search program that combines, often in a complementary way, direct, indirect, and collider probes, we find it timely to give a broad overview of the WIMP paradigm. In particular, we review here the theoretical foundations of the WIMP paradigm, discuss status and prospects of various detection strategies, and explore future experimental challenges and opportunities.

101 pages, 20 figures

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• Simple Theory of Chiral Fermion Dark Matter
• Prospects for $\gamma$-ray observations of the Perseus galaxy cluster with the Cherenkov Telescope Array
• Non-adiabatic evolution of dark sector in the presence of $U(1{)}_{L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }}$ gauge symmetry
• Models with two Higgs doublets and a light pseudoscalar:a portal to dark matter and the possible $(\mathbf{g}-2{)}_{\mu }$ excess
• Tree level Majorana neutrino mass from Type-1 $\times$ Type-2 Seesaw mechanism with Dark Matter
• New Constraints on Xenonphobic Dark Matter from DEAP-3600
• Metastable Conformal Dark Matter
• Same-Sign Dilepton Signature in the Inert Doublet Model
• Impact of freeze-in on dark matter isocurvature
• Spectator dark matter in non-standard cosmologies
• Global fits of simplified models for dark matter with GAMBIT II. Vector dark matter with an $s$-channel vector mediator
• Solution of the dark matter riddle within standard model physics: From black holes, galaxies and clusters to cosmology
• Anomaly-free chiral $U(1{)}_D$ and its scotogenic implication
• Non-perturbative effects for dark sectors with QCD portals
• Dark photon dark matter and fast radio bursts
• A Minimal Model of Torsion Mediated Dark Matter
• Thermal and nonthermal dark matters with gravitational neutrino reheating
• Unlocking the Inelastic Dark Matter Window with Vector Mediators
• Constraining the $3-3-1$ model with heavy neutral leptons using $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$ and dark matter observables
• Dark and Bright Signatures of Di-Higgs Production
• Effect of gravitational field self-interaction on large structure formation
• Revisiting simplified dark matter models in terms of AMS-02 and Fermi-LAT
• A Sub-GeV Low Mass Hidden Dark Sector of $SU(2{)}_H\times U(1{)}_X$
• A U(1) non-universal anomaly-free model with three Higgs doublets and one singlet scalar field
• The Design, Implementation, and Performance of the LZ Calibration Systems
• Axion Paradigm with Color-Mediated Neutrino Masses
• Late-forming black holes and the antiproton, gamma-ray, and anti-helium excesses
• Gravitational Dark Matter and Primordial Black Holes
• Exploring Constraints on Simplified Dark Matter Model Through Flavour and Electroweak Observables
• Dark Matter Direct Detection in $t$-channel mediator models
• Frozen-in fermionic singlet dark matter in non-standard cosmology with a decaying fluid
• Dark Sector extensions of the Littlest Seesaw in the presence of Primordial Black Holes
• Thermal WIMPs and the Scale of New Physics: Global Fits of Dirac Dark Matter Effective Field Theories
• Generalized Blind Spots for Dark Matter Direct Detection in the 2HDM
• Doubly Blind Spots in Scalar Dark Matter Models
• The hMSSM with a Light Gaugino/Higgsino Sector: Implications for Collider and Astroparticle Physics
• The Elusive Muonic WIMP
• Exploring Direct Detection Suppressed Regions in a Simple 2-Scalar Mediator Model of Scalar Dark Matter
• Type-II Majoron Dark Matter
• $U(1)$-charged Dark Matter in three-Higgs-doublet models
• CTA Sensitivity on TeV scale Dark Matter Models with Complementary Limits from Direct Detection
• Impact of shell model interactions on nuclear responses to WIMP elastic scattering
• Partition Function of the Bose-Einstein Condensed Dark Matter and the Modified Gross-Pitaevskii Equation
• Minimal asymptotically safe dark matter
• Dark matter as a gravitational effect in the embedding theory approach
• Contact interactions and top-philic scalar dark matter
• Hitting two BSM particles with one lepton-jet: search for a top partner decaying to a dark photon, resulting in a lepton-jet
• A search for two-component Majorana dark matter in a simplified model using the full exposure data of PandaX-II experiment
• Gravitational waves from binary black holes as probes of the structure formation history
• Observational Probes of the Neutron Star Equation of State with Hyperons, Bosonic Dark Matter, and Quark Matter
• Present and Future constraints on Secluded Dark Matter in the Galactic Halo with TeV Gamma-ray Observatories
• Electroweak resummation of neutralino dark-matter annihilation into high-energy photons
• Asymmetries in Extended Dark Sectors: A Cogenesis Scenario
• Electroweak Phase Transition in Two Scalar Singlet Model with pNGB Dark Matter
• On the scattering of a high-energy cosmic ray electrons off the dark matter
• Looking forward to inelastic DM with electromagnetic form factors at FASER and beam dump experiments
• Detecting sublunar-mass primordial black holes with the Earth-Moon binary system
• Probing Particle Physics with Gravitational Waves
• Impact of a XENONnT Signal on LHC Dijet Searches
• Light dark matter in a minimal extension with two additional real singlets
• Dark matter as the source of neutrino mass: theory overview and experimental prospects
• Can prompt cusps of WIMP dark matter be detected as individual gamma-ray sources?
• Dark Matter Is The New BBN
• MeV Dark Matter with MeV Dark Photons in Abelian Kinetic Mixing Theories
• Scotoseesaw model implied by dark right-handed neutrinos
• Exploring dark $Z_d$-boson in future Large Hadron-electron collider
• Direct signals from electroweak singlets through the Higgs portal
• The Impact of Dark Matter on Gravitational Wave Detection by Space-based Interferometers
• Dark matter pair production in the MSSM and in simplified dark matter models at the LHC
• Signatures of Fuzzy Dark Matter Inside Radial Critical Curves
• Constraining ultra light fermionic dark matter with Milky-Way observations
• Confronting Dirac Fermionic Dark Matter with Recent Data
• Physics implication from higher weak isospin decomposition
• Statistics for dark matter subhalo searches in gamma rays from a kinematically constrained population model: Fermi-LAT-like telescopes
• Scotogenic model from an extended electroweak symmetry
• Fat brane, dark matter and localized kinetic terms in six dimensions
• Dynamical friction in rotating ultralight dark matter galactic cores
• Dark matter cooling during early matter-domination boosts sub-earth halos
• The CP violation and scalar dark matter in a 331 model
• WIMP dark matter in bulk viscous non-standard cosmologies
• Dark Matter phenomenology : from simplified WIMP models to refined alternative solutions
• The Higgs-portal for Dark Matter:effective field theories versus concrete realizations
• Fundamental properties of the dark and the luminous matter from Low Surface Brightness discs
• Towards a Higgs mass determination in asymptotically safe gravity with a dark portal
• Collider fingerprints of freeze-in dark matter produced during the fast expansion phase of Universe
• Indirect Signals of Dark Matter Can Change Depending on Where You Look
• Formation of solitons and their transitions in scalar-field dark matter models with a non-polynomial self-interaction potential
• Fingerprint matching of beyond-WIMP dark matter: neural network approach
• Analytical analysis of the origin of core-cusp matter density distributions in galaxies
• The Bactrian Effect: Multiple Resonances and Light Dirac Dark Matter
• Quantization of Second Order Fermions
• Barr-Zee Diagrams at a High-Energy Muon Collider
• Higgsino Dark Matter in an economical Scherk-Schwarz setup
• Direct detection of dark matter: Precision predictions in a simplified model framework
• Exploring the MeV Sky with a Combined Coded Mask and Compton Telescope: The Galactic Explorer with a Coded Aperture Mask Compton Telescope (GECCO)
• Axion Portal to Scalar Dark Matter: Unveiling Stabilizing Symmetry Footprints
• Light dark matter searches with positrons
• Weyl-Invariant Gravity and the Nature of Dark Matter
• WIMP Dark Matter in the U$\mu \nu$SSM
• Constraining the Secluded and Catalyzed Annihilation Dark Matter with Fermi-LAT and Planck Data
• Assessing the sensitivity of PINGU to effective dark matter-nucleon interactions
• Enhanced Small-Scale Structure in the Cosmic Dark Ages
• Dark Matter in a bi-metric universe
• Search for GeV-scale Dark Matter from the Galactic Center with IceCube-DeepCore
• Physics implication from a $Z_3$ symmetry of matter
• FIMP Dark Matter in bulk viscous non-standard cosmologies
• Machine-Learning Analysis of Radiative Decays to Dark Matter at the LHC
• Effect of the field self-interaction of General Relativity on the Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropies
• Constraints on Long-Ranged Interactions Between Dark Matter and the Standard Model
• Dark Matter searches in Dwarf Galaxies with the Southern Wide-field Gamma-ray Observatory
• Light Thermal Self-Interacting Dark Matter in the Shadow of Non-Standard Cosmology
• Dark matter production accompanied by gravitational wave signals during cosmological phase transitions
• Thermal Evolution of Neutron Stars as a Probe of Physics beyond the Standard Model
• Superradiant instability of area quantized Kerr black hole with discrete reflectivity
• Spontaneous Peccei-Quinn symmetry breaking renders sterile neutrino, axion and $\chi$boson to be candidates for dark matter particles
• Axi-Higgs portal Dark Matter via Wess-Zumino mechanism
• Constraining Gluonic Contact Interaction of a Neutrino-philic Dark Fermion at Hadron Colliders and Direct Detection Experiments
• $\overline{\text{D}}$arkRayNet: Emulation of cosmic-ray antideuteron fluxes from dark matter
• Prospects for the detection of Dark Matter with Long-lived Mediators in the Sun using the Southern Wide-field Gamma-ray Observatory
• Dark Matter Freeze Out with Tsallis Statistics in the Early Universe
• Spin Trio: a dark matter scenario
• Scotoseesaw mechanism from a $Z_3$ symmetry of matter
• Impact of ATLAS constraints on effective dark matter-standard model interactions with spin-one mediators
• Freeze-in and freeze-out production of Higgs portal Majorana fermionic dark matter during and after reheating
• Imprints of Non-Symmetric Dark Matter Halos on Magnetars: A Two-Fluid Perspective
• Identifying a Higgsino-like NLSP in the context of a keV-scale gravitino LSP
• Cosmological abundance of primordial black holes in mixed dark matter scenarios incorporating Kaluza-Klein dark matter
• Probing lepton flavor violating dark matter scenarios via astrophysical photons and positrons
• Muon Magnetic Moment and Lepton Flavor Violation in the Economical 3-3-1 Model
• Dark Matter and Electroweak Baryogenesis with Spontaneous $CP$ Violation in the Early Universe
• Detecting Bosonic Dark Matter with Neutron Stars
• Bose-Einstein Condensate Dark Matter That Involves Composites
• Co-interacting dark matter and conformally coupled light scalars
• Gravitational SIMPs
• Testing the predictions of axisymmetric distribution functions of galactic dark matter with hydrodynamical simulations
• Analytical insight into dark matter subhalo boost factors for Sommerfeld-enhanced $s$- and $p$-wave $\gamma$-ray signals
• Detecting Fluorescent Dark Matter with X-ray lasers
• Exploring the viability of pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson as ultralight dark matter in a mass range relevant for strong gravity applications
• Dark Matter EFT, the Third -- Neutrino WIMPs
• Second-order pseudo-Hermitian spin-$1/2$ bosons
• Superradiant dark matter production from primordial black holes: Impact of multiple modes and gravitational wave emission
• Vector Higgs-Portal Dark Matter: How UV Completion Reopens Viable Parameter Space
• Modeling Dark Matter Halos with Nonlinear Field Theories
• GammaBayes: a Bayesian pipeline for dark matter detection with CTA
• On the reactions involving neutrinos and hidden mass particles in hypercolor model
• Ultraheavy Atomic Dark Matter Freeze-Out through Rearrangement
• Cored Dark Matter halos in the Cosmic Neutrino Background
• The Maximal Gravitational Wave Signal from Asteroid-Mass Primordial Black Hole Mergers At Resonant Microwave Cavities
• Spin-one dark matter and gamma ray signals from the galactic center
• On the Realization of WIMPflation
• Indirect detection of long-lived particles in a rich dark sector with a dark vector portal
• Informational corrections to the early-Universe radiation sector: CET Omega, WIMP freeze-out, and implications for a possible 20 GeV gamma-ray excess
• Spontaneous damage annealing reactions as a possible source of low energy excess in semiconductor detectors
• Graviton spectrum in simplified Dark Matter models with graviton mediators in the de Sitter space
• Can the Higgs field feel a dark force?
• Dark symmetry implication for right-handed neutrinos
• WIMP Dark Matter from a Natural Discrete Gauge Symmetry in the Standard Model
• Structure Formation Limits on Axion-Like Dark Matter
• Dark Matter interactions in an $S_4\times Z_5$ flavor symmetry framework
• Neutrino specific spin-3/2 dark matter
• Electronic structure of liquid xenon in the context of light dark matter direct detection
• Seasons of Dark Matter Freeze-In Shaped by the Weather of the Early Universe
• Ultralight Dark Matter from the Edge of Field Space
• Illuminating Scalar Dark Matter Co-Scattering in EFT with Monophoton Signatures
• Nearest neighbour analysis as a new probe for fuzzy dark matter
• Constraining Gamma-ray Lines from Dark Matter Annihilation using Fermi-LAT and H.E.S.S. data
• Hubble Tension and Gravitational Self-Interaction
• Upper limit on dark matter mass in the inert doublet model
• Alternative dark matter phenomenology in a general $U(1{)}_X$ extension of the Standard Model
• Dynamical alignment of visible and dark sector gauge groups
• Roads for Right-handed Neutrino Dark Matter: Fast Expansion, Standard Freeze-out, and Early Matter Domination
• A New Torsion Balance for the Search of Long-range Interactions Coupling to Baryon and Lepton Numbers
• Shedding Light on Dark Matter at the LHC with Machine Learning
• WIMP Freeze-out dynamics under Tsallis statistics
• Implications of a dark grand unification
• On the Evidence for Violation of the Equivalence Principle in Disk Galaxies
• Freeze-In Dark Matter and Leptogenesis: a ${\psi }^{\prime }$SM route
• Search for Annual Modulation in Combined ANAIS 112 and COSINE 100 Data using Bayesian Model Comparison
• Probing the warm dark matter mass with [C II] intensity mapping
• Reviving $Z^{\prime }$ Portal Dark Matter with Conversion Mechanism
• Information-theoretic astrophysical uncertainties in the effective theory of dark matter direct detection
• Physical implications of a double right-handed gauge symmetry
• Production and signatures of multi-flavour dark matter scenarios with t-channel mediators
• Probing inelastic sub-GeV dark matter at the DUNE near detector
• Memory burden effect of regular primordial black holes
• Fast and Fewrious: Stochastic binary perturbations from fast compact objects
• Merging Galaxy Clusters and the Search for New Physics of Dark Matter: A Review
• Bosonic Spin-1 SOPHY
• Oscillating scalar field as dark matter through the cosmological epochs
• Simplified Dark Matter Models
• Probing late-time annihilations of oscillating asymmetric dark matter via rotation curves of galaxies
• General Heavy WIMP Nucleon Elastic Scattering
• Spinorial Structure of $O(3)$ and Application to Dark Matter
• Mapping the evolution of supernova-neutrino-boosted dark matter within the Milky Way
• Revisiting freeze-in dark matter from renormalizable operators
• Dark biportals at direct detection
• Dark photon searches via Higgs boson production at the LHC and beyond
• Sterile neutrino dark matter production in presence of non-standard neutrino self-interactions: an EFT approach
• Production of Dark Photons through Higher Electromagnetic Moments at LDMX: Simulations and Model Discrimination
• Explaining lepton-flavor non-universality and self-interacting dark matter with $L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }$
• FIMP Dark Matter in Heterotic M-Theory
• Constraints on the Inert Doublet Model of dark matter with very high-energy gamma-ray observatories
• Inelastic Dirac Dark Matter
• Indirect Searches for Secluded Dark Matter
• Fine-tuned Spin-3/2 and the Hierarchy Problem
• Signatures of Dipolar Dark Matter on Indirect Detection
• The multicomponent dark matter structure and its possible observed manifestations