A first order dark $SU(2{)}_D$ phase transition with vector dark matter in the light of NANOGrav 12.5 yr data

Abstract

We study a dark $SU(2{)}_D$ gauge extension of the standard model (SM) with the possibility of a strong first order phase transition (FOPT) taking place below the electroweak scale in the light of NANOGrav 12.5 yr data. As pointed out recently by the NANOGrav collaboration, gravitational waves (GW) from such a FOPT with appropriate strength and nucleation temperature can explain their 12.5 yr data. We impose a classical conformal invariance on the scalar potential of $SU(2{)}_D$ sector involving only a complex scalar doublet with negligible couplings with the SM Higgs. While a FOPT at sub-GeV temperatures can give rise to stochastic GW around nano-Hz frequencies being in agreement with NANOGrav findings, the $SU(2{)}_D$ vector bosons which acquire masses as a result of the FOPT in dark sector, can also serve as dark matter (DM) in the universe. The relic abundance of such vector DM can be generated in a non-thermal manner from the SM bath via scalar portal mixing. We also discuss future sensitivity of gravitational wave experiments to the model parameter space.

arXiv comment10 pages, 6 captioned figures. accepted for publication in JCAP. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2105.01007

References in corpus (74)

• A direct empirical proof of the existence of dark matter
• Freeze-In Production of FIMP Dark Matter
• Science with the space-based interferometer eLISA. II: Gravitational waves from cosmological phase transitions
• The Waning of the WIMP? A Review of Models, Searches, and Constraints
• Gravitational Radiation from First-Order Phase Transitions
• The NANOGrav 12.5-year Data Set: Search For An Isotropic Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background
• Detecting gravitational waves from cosmological phase transitions with LISA: an update
• The international pulsar timing array project: using pulsars as a gravitational wave detector
• Energy Budget of Cosmological First-order Phase Transitions
• The Effective Potential and First-Order Phase Transitions: Beyond Leading Order
• Gravitational waves from the sound of a first order phase transition
• Numerical simulations of acoustically generated gravitational waves at a first order phase transition
• The Dawn of FIMP Dark Matter: A Review of Models and Constraints
• Gravitational Radiation from Colliding Vacuum Bubbles: Envelope Approximation to Many-Bubble Collisions
• The Parkes Pulsar Timing Array Project
• The stochastic gravitational wave background from turbulence and magnetic fields generated by a first-order phase transition
• Shape of the acoustic gravitational wave power spectrum from a first order phase transition
• The North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves
• Fundamental Physics with the Square Kilometre Array
• Resummation in a Hot Scalar Field Theory
• Cosmological Backgrounds of Gravitational Waves and eLISA/NGO: Phase Transitions, Cosmic Strings and Other Sources
• Gravitational Waves From a Dark (Twin) Phase Transition
• On the Maximal Strength of a First-Order Electroweak Phase Transition and its Gravitational Wave Signal
• On the evidence for a common-spectrum process in the search for the nanohertz gravitational-wave background with the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array
• Gravitational Radiation From Cosmological Turbulence
• Gravitational wave energy budget in strongly supercooled phase transitions
• New Sensitivity Curves for Gravitational-Wave Signals from Cosmological Phase Transitions
• Electroweak Bubble Wall Speed Limit
• Cosmic String Interpretation of NANOGrav Pulsar Timing Data
• Gravitational waves from stochastic relativistic sources: primordial turbulence and magnetic fields
• Has NANOGrav found first evidence for cosmic strings?
• Gravitational waves from bubble collisions: analytic derivation
• Implications of the NANOGrav results for inflation
• The Spectrum of Gravitational Radiation from Primordial Turbulence
• Cosmic phase transitions: their applications and experimental signatures
• Finite temperature field theory and phase transitions
• Phase transitions in the early universe
• Gravitational Waves and Dark Radiation from Dark Phase Transition: Connecting NANOGrav Pulsar Timing Data and Hubble Tension
• Updated predictions for gravitational waves produced in a strongly supercooled phase transition
• Probing classically conformal $B-L$ model with gravitational waves
• Exploring the Early Universe with Gaia and THEIA
• Gravitional radiation from first-order phase transitions in the presence of a fluid
• Searching For Gravitational Waves From Cosmological Phase Transitions With The NANOGrav 12.5-year dataset
• Bubble wall velocity: heavy physics effects
• Strong gravitational radiation from a simple dark matter model
• Phase transition and vacuum stability in the classically conformal B-L model
• Electroweak baryogenesis at high wall velocities
• Gravitational Waves produced by Compressible MHD Turbulence from Cosmological Phase Transitions
• Whispers from the dark side: Confronting light new physics with NANOGrav data
• Gravitational waves from conformal symmetry breaking
• On the gravitational wave sources from the NANOGrav 12.5-yr data
• Bubble wall velocities in the Standard Model and beyond
• Gravitational waves from the minimal gauged $U(1{)}_{B-L}$ model
• Gravitational waves from colliding vacuum bubbles in gauge theories
• NANOGrav results and Dark First Order Phase Transitions
• BubbleProfiler: finding the field profile and action for cosmological phase transitions
• Gravitational waves from scale-invariant vector dark matter model: Probing below the neutrino-floor
• Gravitational waves from first order electroweak phase transition in models with the $U(1{)}_X^{}$ gauge symmetry
• Hydrodynamics of phase transition fronts and the speed of sound in the plasma
• Neutral SU(2) Gauge Extension of the Standard Model and a Vector-Boson Dark-Matter Candidate
• On gauge dependence of gravitational waves from a first-order phase transition in classical scale-invariant $U(1{)}^{\prime }$ models
• The Electroweak Phase Transition in Nearly Conformal Technicolor
• An efficient approach to electroweak bubble velocities
• Dark Vector-Gauge-Boson Model
• Multipartite Dark Matter in $SU(2{)}_N$ extension of Standard Model and signatures at the LHC
• Non-Abelian Vector Boson as FIMP Dark Matter
• A model of electroweakly interacting non-abelian vector dark matter
• Non-Abelian Vector Boson Dark Matter, its Unified Route and signatures at the LHC
• Gravitational waves from a dark $U(1{)}_D$ phase transition in the light of NANOGrav 12.5 yr data
• Observable Gravitational Waves in Minimal Scotogenic Model
• SU(2)_N Model of Vector Dark Matter with a Leptonic Connection
• Non-Abelian Vector Dark Matter and Lepton $g-2$
• Vector dark matter from a gauged $SU(2)$ symmetry
• Conformal invariance and singlet fermionic dark matter

Cited by in corpus (4)

• Primordial gravitational waves in the nano-Hertz regime and PTA data -- towards solving the GW inverse problem
• Can supercooled phase transitions explain the gravitational wave background observed by pulsar timing arrays?
• Hidden SU(2)_D vector dark matter with a scalar septuplet
• Probing Leptophobic Dark Sectors via Gravitational Wave Signatures