The Muon Magnetic Moment and Physics Beyond the Standard Model

Abstract

We review the role of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon a_μas a powerful probe of physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM), taking advantage of the final result of the Fermilab g-2 experiment and the recently updated Standard Model value. This review provides both a comprehensive summary of the current status, as well as an accessible entry point for phenomenologists with interests in dark matter, Higgs and electroweak or neutrino and flavour physics in the context of a wide range of BSM scenarios. It begins with a qualitative overview of the field and a collection of key properties and typical results. It then focuses on model-independent, generic formulas and classifies types of BSM scenarios with or without chiral enhancements. A strong emphasis of the review are the connections to a large number of other observables -- ranging from the muon mass and the muon--Higgs coupling and related dipole observables to dark matter, neutrino masses and high-energy collider observables. Finally, we survey a number of well-motivated BSM scenarios such as dark photons, axion-like particles, the two-Higgs doublet model, supersymmetric models and models with leptoquarks, vector-like leptons or neutrino mass models. We discuss the impact of the updated Standard Model value for a_μand of complementary constraints, exploring the phenomenology and identifying excluded and viable parameter regions.

Invited review for Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics; 278 pages, 50 figures. Published version, minor changes compared to V1

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• Impact of LHC data on muon $g-2$ solutions in vector-like extension of the Constrained MSSM
• $U(1{)}_{L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }}$ for Light Dark Matter, $g_{\mu }-2$, the $511$ keV excess and the Hubble Tension
• Supernova Limits on Muonic Dark Forces
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• An extended 3-3-1 model with radiative linear seesaw mechanism
• Marriage between neutrino mass and flavor anomalies
• Leptonic scalar portal: Origin of muon $g-2$ anomaly and dark matter?
• muon $g-2$ anomaly and $\mu$-$\tau$-philic Higgs doublet with a light CP-even component
• Collider signatures of vector-like fermions from a flavor symmetric model
• Correlation Between Muon $g-2$ and $\mu \to e\gamma$
• Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment and Higgs Potential Stability in the 331 Model from $SU(6)$
• Resolving the $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$ Discrepancy with $\mathcal{F}$-$SU$(5) Intersecting D-branes
• Collider Prospects for Muon $g-2$ in General Two Higgs Doublet Model
• Generalized 2HDM with wrong-sign lepton Yukawa coupling, in light of $g_{\mu }-2$ and lepton flavor violation at the future LHC
• Interpreting 95 GeV di-photon/$b\bar{b}$ excesses as a lightest Higgs boson of the MRSSM
• Confronting spin-3/2 and other new fermions with the muon g-2 measurement
• Atmospheric axion-like particles at Super-Kamiokande
• Search for short- and long-lived axion-like particles in $H\to aa\to 4\gamma$ decays with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC
• MUonE, muon $g-2$ and electroweak precision constraints within 2HDMs
• Muon g-2, Neutralino Dark Matter and Stau NLSP
• An explanation of experimental data of $(g-2{)}_{e,\mu }$ in 3-3-1 models with inverse seesaw neutrinos
• Fermion masses and mixings and $g-2$ muon anomaly in a 3-3-1 model with $D_4$ family symmetry
• Bilinear R-parity violating supersymmetry under the light of neutrino oscillation, higgs and flavor data
• Muon $g-2$ and non-thermal leptogenesis in $U(1{)}_{L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }}$ model
• Probing New Physics in the Vector-like Lepton Model by Lepton Electric Dipole Moments
• Current status on pair-produced muon-philic vectorlike leptons in multilepton channels at the LHC
• Muon $g-2$ in $U(1{)}_{\mu -\tau }$ Symmetric Gauged Radiative Neutrino Mass Model
• Impact of Lorentz violation on anomalous magnetic moments of charged leptons
• Constraints on Light Leptophilic Dark Matter Mediators from Decay Experiments
• The new $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$ and Right-Handed Sneutrino Dark Matter
• On the viability of a light scalar spectrum for 3-3-1 models
• Portal Matter, Kinetic Mixing, and Muon $g-2$
• Explaining anomalies of $B$-physics, muon $g-2$ and $W$ mass in $R$-parity violating MSSM with seesaw mechanism
• Light vector dark matter with scalar mediator and muon g-2 anomaly
• Effective field theory for vector-like leptons and its collider signals
• $(g-2{)}_{e,\mu }$ and strongly interacting dark matter with collider implications
• Signals of a New Gauge Boson from IceCube and Muon $g-2$
• Measurement of the Drell-Yan forward-backward asymmetry at high dilepton masses in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV
• Predictions for Muon Electric and Magnetic Dipole Moments from $h\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ in Two-Higgs-Doublet Models with New Leptons
• Muon g-2, Dark Matter and the Higgs mass in No-Scale Supergravity
• Muon $(g-2)$ and Flavor Puzzles in the $U(1{)}_X^{}$-gauged Leptoquark Model
• General Remarks on the One-loop Contributions to the Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment
• Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay from Scalar Leptoquarks: Interplay with Neutrino Mass and Flavor Physics
• Effective Field Theory of Chirally-Enhanced Muon Mass and Dipole Operators
• Leptonic CP violation from a vector-like lepton
• Investigation of $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$ anomaly in the $\mu$-specific 2HDM with Vector like leptons and the phenomenological implications
• High-energy frontier of the muon g-2 at a muon collider
• Leptophilic U(1) Massive Vector Bosons from Large Extra Dimensions
• LSND and MiniBooNE as guideposts to understanding the muon $g-2$ results and the CDF II $W$ mass measurement
• Exploring the supersymmetric U(1)${}_{B-L}\times$ U(1)${}_R$ model with dark matter, muon $g-2$ and $Z^{\prime }$ mass limits
• Light higgsino scenario confronted with muon g-2
• Higgs-mass constraints on a supersymmetric solution of the muon g-2 anomaly
• Vector Quarks in the Higgs Triplet Model
• Models with two Higgs doublets and a light pseudoscalar:a portal to dark matter and the possible $(\mathbf{g}-2{)}_{\mu }$ excess
• Non-minimal Lorentz invariance violation in light of muon anomalous magnetic moment and long-baseline neutrino oscillation data
• Heavy singly charged Higgs bosons and inverse seesaw neutrinos as origins of large $(g-2{)}_{e,\mu }$ in two higgs doublet models
• A radiatively induced inverse seesaw model with hidden $U(1)$ gauge symmetry
• Dark leptophilic scalar with the updated muon $g-2$ anomaly
• Connecting $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$ to neutrino mass in the extended neutrinophilic 2HDM
• Neutrino masses, flavor anomalies and muon $\mathbf{g}-2$ from dark loops
• Vector-like quarks with a scalar triplet
• Flavor Physics Constraints on Left-Right Symmetric Models with Universal Seesaw
• Flavor-changing light bosons with accidental longevity
• Vector leptoquark contributions to lepton dipole moments
• Constraints for scalars and pseudoscalars from ${\left(g-2\right)}_l$ and existing $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ colliders
• Phenomenological and cosmological implications of a scotogenic three-loop neutrino mass model
• Interplay between the muon $g-2$ anomaly and the PTA nHZ gravitational waves from domain walls in next-to minimal supersymmetric standard model
• Probing the muon (g-2) anomaly at the LHC in final states with two muons and two taus
• Scalar Dark Matter with a $\mu \tau$ Flavored Mediator
• Phenomenology of 3-3-1 models with radiative inverse seesaw mechanism
• Neutrinophilic DM annihilation in a model with $U(1{)}_{L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }}\times U(1{)}_H$ gauge symmetry
• Explaining the Muon g-2 Anomaly in Deflected AMSB for NMSSM
• Probing an intrinsically flavorful ALP via tau-lepton flavor physics
• Leptophilic U(1) Massive Vector Bosons from Large Extra Dimensions: Reexamination of Constraints from LEP Data
• One-loop contributions to decays $e_b\to e_a\gamma$ and $(g-2{)}_{e_a}$ anomalies, and Ward identity
• Secluded Dark Sector and Muon $(g-2)$ in the Light of Fast Expanding Universe
• Lepton flavor violating decays $l_j\to l_i\gamma$ in the $U(1{)}_X$SSM model within the Mass Insertion Approximation
• Muon $g-2$ anomaly in a left-right model with an inverse seesaw mechanism
• Constraining Low-Scale Flavor Models with $(\mathbf{g}-2{)}_{\mathbf{\mu }}$ and Lepton Flavor Violation
• Collider probe of heavy additional Higgs bosons solving the muon $g-2$ and dark matter problems
• Charged Lepton Flavor Violating Radiative Decays $l_i\to l_j\gamma$ in G2HDM
• Reconciling collider signals, dark matter, and the muon anomalous magnetic moment in the supersymmetric $U(1{)}_R\times U(1{)}_{B-L}$ model
• Gauged $U(1{)}_{L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }}$ Symmetry and two-zero Textures of Inverse Neutrino Mass Matrix in light of Muon ($g-2$)
• Search for leptoquark pair production decaying into $t{e}^{-}\bar{t}{e}^{+}$ or $t{\mu }^{-}\bar{t}{\mu }^{+}$ in multi-lepton final states in $pp$ collisions at 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
• Semi-visible dark photon in a model with vector-like leptons for the $(g-2{)}_{e,\mu }$ and $W$-boson mass anomalies
• Two-loop contributions of axion-like particles to electromagnetic and chromomagnetic form factors
• Muon $g-2$ Anomaly from Vector-like Leptons in a 2-Higgs-doublet + Scalar Singlet Model
• Muon (g-2) from the bulk neutrino field in a warped extra dimensional model
• Resolving Muon g-2 Anomaly With Partial Compositeness
• Search for scalar leptoquarks produced via $\tau$-lepton-quark scattering in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
• HEFT approach to investigate the muon g-2 anomaly at a muon collider
• On-shell Renormalization with Vector-like Leptons, One-loop Muon-Higgs Coupling and Muon g-2
• $W-$mass and Muon $g-2$ in Inert 2HDM Extended by Singlet Complex Scalar
• Strong-field QED in Furry-picture momentum-space formulation: Ward identities and Feynman diagrams
• Flavor- and CP-safe explanation of $g_{\mu }-2$ anomaly
• New Constraints on Gauged U(1)${}_{L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }}$ Models via $Z-Z^{\prime }$ Mixing
• Systematic analysis of search strategies for $L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }$ gauge bosons at Belle II

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• Light new physics and the $\tau$ lepton dipole moments: prospects at Belle II
• Charting the new physics through one-loop effects in the muon magnetic dipole moment
• LFV decays in a 3-4-1 model with minimal inverse seesaw neutrinos
• From Higgs physics to lepton flavour violation: current bounds and future prospects for vector-like lepton models
• Gravitational Wave Probe of Singlet-Doublet Dark Matter Induced Radiative Neutrino Mass
• Muonium Spectroscopy as a Quantum Sensor for Ultralight Axion Dark Matter