Supernova Limits on Muonic Dark Forces

Abstract

Proto-neutron stars formed during core-collapse supernovae are hot and dense environments that contain a sizable population of muons. If these interact with new long-lived particles with masses up to roughly 100 MeV, the latter can be produced and escape from the stellar plasma, causing an excessive energy loss constrained by observations of SN 1987A. In this article we calculate the emission of light dark fermions that are coupled to leptons via a new massive vector boson, and determine the resulting constraints on the general parameter space. We apply these limits to the gauged $L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }$ model with dark fermions, and show that the SN 1987A constraints exclude a significant portion of the parameter space targeted by future experiments. We also extend our analysis to generic effective four-fermion operators that couple dark fermions to muons, electrons, or neutrinos. We find that SN 1987A cooling probes a new-physics scale up to $\sim 7$ TeV, which is an order of magnitude larger than current bounds from laboratory experiments.

25 pages, 6 Figures, 1 Table, python code for numerical analysis available under the following url: https://github.com/spinjo/SNforMuTau.git Version accepted for publication in PRD

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Cited by in corpus (12)

• Supernova axions convert to gamma-rays in magnetic fields of progenitor stars
• Probing Dark Sectors with Neutron Stars
• NuSTAR bounds on radiatively decaying particles from M82
• The Muon Magnetic Moment and Physics Beyond the Standard Model
• Flavor phenomenology of light dark sectors
• Hyperons during proto-neutron star deleptonization and the emission of dark flavoured particles
• Multi-messenger FIMP
• Prospects of five-dimensional $L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }$ gauge interactions in the light of elastic neutrino-electron scatterings: The scope of the DUNE near detector
• SN1987A constraints to BSM models with extra neutral bosons near the trapping regime: $U(1{)}_{L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }}$ model as an illustrative example
• The Dark Matter Diffused Supernova Neutrino Background
• Opening up New Parameter Space for Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter
• Dark matter pair absorption