The Simplest and Most Predictive Model of Muon $g-2$ and Thermal Dark Matter

Abstract

The long-standing $4.2\sigma$ muon $g-2$ anomaly may be the result of a new particle species which could also couple to dark matter and mediate its annihilations in the early universe. In models where both muons and dark matter carry equal charges under a $U(1{)}_{L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }}$ gauge symmetry, the corresponding $Z^{\prime }$ can both resolve the observed $g-2$ anomaly and yield an acceptable dark matter relic abundance, relying on annihilations which take place through the $Z^{\prime }$ resonance. Once the value of $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$ and the dark matter abundance are each fixed, there is very little remaining freedom in this model, making it highly predictive. We provide a comprehensive analysis of this scenario, identifying a viable range of dark matter masses between approximately 10 and 100 MeV, which falls entirely within the projected sensitivity of several accelerator-based experiments, including NA62, NA64$\mu$, $M^3$, and DUNE. Furthermore, portions of this mass range predict contributions to $\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ which could ameliorate the tension between early and late time measurements of the Hubble constant, and which could be tested by Stage 4 CMB experiments.

5 pages, 4 figures, 2 supplements, v2: version published in PRL

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Cited by in corpus (22)

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• Solutions to the MiniBooNE Anomaly from New Physics in Charged Meson Decays
• Supernova Limits on Muonic Dark Forces
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