Probing Muonic Forces and Dark Matter at Kaon Factories

Abstract

Rare kaon decays are excellent probes of light, new weakly-coupled particles. If such particles $X$ couple preferentially to muons, they can be produced in $K\to \mu \nu X$ decays. In this letter we evaluate the future sensitivity for this process at NA62 assuming $X$ decays either invisibly or to di-muons. Our main physics target is the parameter space that resolves the $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$ anomaly, where $X$ is a gauged $L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }$ vector or a muon-philic scalar. The same parameter space can also accommodate dark matter freeze out or reduce the tension between cosmological and local measurements of $H_0$ if the new force decays to dark matter or neutrinos, respectively. We show that for invisible $X$ decays, a dedicated single muon trigger analysis at NA62 could probe much of the remaining $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$ favored parameter space. Alternatively, if $X$ decays to muons, NA62 can perform a di-muon resonance search in $K\to 3\mu \nu$ events and greatly improve existing coverage for this process. Independently of its sensitivity to new particles, we find that NA62 is also sensitive to the Standard Model predicted rate for $K\to 3\mu \nu$, which has never been measured.

6 + 4 pages; v2 small change in limits, conclusions unchanged, matches version published in PRL

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