Searching for the light dark gauge boson in GeV-scale experiments

Abstract

We study current constraints and search prospects for a GeV scale vector boson at a range of low energy experiments. It couples to the Standard Model charged particles with a strength <= 10^-3 to 10^-4 of that of the photon. The possibility of such a particle mediating dark matter self-interactions has received much attention recently. We consider searches at low energy high luminosity colliders, meson decays, and fixed target experiments. Based on available data, searches both at colliders and in meson decays can discover or exclude such a scenario if the coupling strength is on the larger side. We emphasize that a dedicated fixed target experiment has a much better potential in searching for such a gauge boson, and outline the desired properties of such an experiment. Two different optimal designs should be implemented to cover the range of coupling strength 10^-3 to 10^-5, and < 10^-5 of the photon, respectively. We also briefly comment on other possible ways of searching for such a gauge boson.

33 pages, 5 figures; v2: corrected discussion of Upsilon decays, updates to discussion of fixed-target experiments and QED constraints, numerous minor changes, references added; v3: typo corrected relative to the JHEP published version

References in corpus (23)

• CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2010
• Observation of an anomalous positron abundance in the cosmic radiation
• Secluded WIMP Dark Matter
• First results from DAMA/LIBRA and the combined results with DAMA/NaI
• Secluded U(1) below the weak scale
• New Fixed-Target Experiments to Search for Dark Gauge Forces
• U-boson production in e+e- annihilations, psi and Upsilon decays, and Light Dark Matter
• Non-Abelian Dark Sectors and Their Collider Signatures
• Probing a Secluded U(1) at B-factories
• Probing Dark Forces and Light Hidden Sectors at Low-Energy e+e- Colliders
• Kinetic Mixing as the Origin of Light Dark Scales
• Inelastic Dark Matter in Light of DAMA/LIBRA
• Laser experiments explore the hidden sector
• High-energy electron observations by PPB-BETS flight in Antarctica
• Breaking the Dark Force
• Probing Hidden Sector Photons through the Higgs Window
• Dark matter and sub-GeV hidden U(1) in GMSB models
• Rare decay pi0 -> e+e-: theory confronts KTeV data
• Measurement of the differential cross section for the production of an isolated photon with associated jet in ppbar collisions at sqrt(s)=1.96 TeV
• Radiative quarkonium decays and the NMSSM Higgs interpretation of the HyperCP Sigma+ --> p mu+mu- events
• U-boson at BESIII
• U-boson and the HyperCP exotic events
• Recent results from KLOE experiment

Cited by in corpus (150)

• New Fixed-Target Experiments to Search for Dark Gauge Forces
• Supernova 1987A Constraints on Sub-GeV Dark Sectors, Millicharged Particles, the QCD Axion, and an Axion-like Particle
• Vector Dark Matter from Inflationary Fluctuations
• Exploring Portals to a Hidden Sector Through Fixed Targets
• Illuminating Dark Photons with High-Energy Colliders
• Long-Lived Particles at the Energy Frontier: The MATHUSLA Physics Case
• Exotic Decays of the 125 GeV Higgs Boson
• Physics Opportunities with the 12 GeV Upgrade at Jefferson Lab
• Search for a new gauge boson in the $A^{\prime }$ Experiment (APEX)
• New Limits on Hidden Photons from Past Electron Beam Dumps
• New Exclusion Limits on Dark Gauge Forces from Proton Bremsstrahlung in Beam-Dump Data
• Observing a light dark matter beam with neutrino experiments
• STCF Conceptual Design Report: Volume 1 -- Physics & Detector
• A Radio for Hidden-Photon Dark Matter Detection
• Constraining Light Dark Matter with Low-Energy e+e- Colliders
• Dark Sectors at the Fermilab SeaQuest Experiment
• Accelerating the Discovery of Light Dark Matter
• Constraints on sub-GeV hidden sector gauge bosons from a search for heavy neutrino decays
• Limit on the production of a light vector gauge boson in phi meson decays with the KLOE detector
• Revisiting Supernova 1987A Constraints on Dark Photons
• New Electron Beam-Dump Experiments to Search for MeV to few-GeV Dark Matter
• Abelian Hidden Sectors at a GeV
• Direct Detection of sub-GeV Dark Matter with Scintillating Targets
• Search for a vector gauge boson in phi meson decays with the KLOE detector
• Multi-lepton Signatures of a Hidden Sector in Rare B Decays
• The Hunt for New Physics at the Large Hadron Collider
• Light dark matter in neutrino beams: production modelling and scattering signatures at MiniBooNE, T2K and SHiP
• An Electron Fixed Target Experiment to Search for a New Vector Boson A' Decaying to e+e-
• Cosmological Constraints on Very Dark Photons
• Search for a dark photon in the ${\pi }^0\to e^{+}{e}^{-}\gamma$ decay
• New Parity-Violating Muonic Forces
• Hidden Higgs Decaying to Lepton Jets
• Search for light vector boson production in $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}\gamma$ interactions with the KLOE experiment
• New weakly-coupled forces hidden in low-energy QCD
• FCNC portals to the dark sector
• Signatures of sub-GeV dark matter beams at neutrino experiments
• Leptophobic Dark Matter at Neutrino Factories
• Direct detection of dark matter in models with a light Z'
• Powerful Solar Signatures of Long-Lived Dark Mediators
• Search for long-lived neutral particles decaying into lepton jets in proton--proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
• Testing GeV-Scale Dark Matter with Fixed-Target Missing Momentum Experiments
• Precision tests of fundamental physics with $\eta$ and ${\eta }^{\prime }$ mesons
• Higgs Decays as a Window into the Dark Sector
• Discerning Secluded Sector gauge structures
• Terrestrial and Solar Limits on Long-Lived Particles in a Dark Sector
• Dark Discrete Gauge Symmetries
• Light new physics in coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering experiments
• Constraints on New Neutrino Interactions via Light Abelian Vector Bosons
• Probing Muonic Forces and Dark Matter at Kaon Factories
• Dark Force Detection in Low Energy e-p Collisions
• Cosmic Signals from the Hidden Sector
• Celestial-Body Focused Dark Matter Annihilation Throughout the Galaxy
• Leptophilic Dark Matter and the Anomalous Magnetic Moment of the Muon
• Stringent limits on the π^0 -> γX, X -> e+e- decay from neutrino experiments and constraints on new light gauge bosons
• Light Axial Vectors, Nuclear Transitions, and the ${}^8$Be Anomaly
• The Cosmology of Composite Inelastic Dark Matter
• Projections for Dark Photon Searches at Mu3e
• Physics Motivation for a Pilot Dark Matter Search at Jefferson Laboratory
• Theoretical framework to analyze searches for hidden light gauge bosons in electron scattering fixed target experiments
• Light dark states with electromagnetic form factors
• Metastable GeV-scale particles as a solution to the cosmological lithium problem
• Search for the dark photon and the dark Higgs boson at Belle
• Dark Matter from Hidden Forces
• A Parametrically Enhanced Hidden Photon Search
• LHC Signatures of a Minimal Supersymmetric Hidden Valley
• GeV-scale dark matter: production at the Main Injector
• A search for prompt lepton-jets in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
• New Limits on Light Hidden Sectors from Fixed-Target Experiments
• Search for a Dark Photon in Electro-Produced $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ Pairs with the Heavy Photon Search Experiment at JLab
• Dark Photon Decay Beyond The Euler-Heisenberg Limit
• Searching for Dark Photons with Maverick Top Partners
• LSND Constraints on the Higgs Portal
• Gravitational waves from dark first order phase transitions and dark photons
• Dark Sector Production via Proton Bremsstrahlung
• Search for dark Higgsstrahlung in e+ e- -> mu+ mu- and missing energy events with the KLOE experiment
• Dark matter beams at LBNF
• Low-Energy Signals from Kinetic Mixing with a Warped Abelian Hidden Sector
• Search for light long-lived neutral particles produced in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV and decaying into collimated leptons or light hadrons with the ATLAS detector
• Probing Invisible Vector Meson Decays with NA64 and LDMX
• On sub-GeV Dark Matter Production at Fixed-Target Experiments
• Searches for Long Lived Neutral Particles
• A Milli-Window to Another World
• Could a light Higgs boson illuminate the dark sector?
• Proposal for an Experiment to Search for Light Dark Matter at the SPS
• Decaying into the Hidden Sector
• Study of Dalitz decay phi -> eta e+e- with KLOE detector
• Low-Energy Probes of a Warped Extra Dimension
• A Dark Matter Model with Non-Abelian Gauge Symmetry
• Search for a light exotic particle in J/psi radiative decays
• Probing New Gauge Forces with a High-Energy Muon Beam Dump
• Origins of Hidden Sector Dark Matter II: Collider Physics
• Nearly Supersymmetric Dark Atoms
• Parity Violation in Composite Inelastic Dark Matter Models
• The Physics of New U(1)' Gauge Bosons
• Radiative Return Capabilities of a High-Energy, High-Luminosity $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ Collider
• Search for a Low Mass Particle Decaying into mu^+ mu^- in B0-> K*0 X and B0-> rho0 X at Belle
• Searching for an invisible A' vector boson with DarkLight
• Recent Progress in Search for Dark Sector Signatures
• Anomalous CP-Violation in B_s-Bbar_s Mixing Due to a Light Spin-One Particle
• Measurement of $\mathcal{B}(J/\psi \to {\eta }^{\prime }{e}^{+}{e}^{-}$) and search for a dark photon
• Jupiter missions as probes of dark matter
• Probing Dark force at BES-III/BEPCII
• Probing sub-GeV dark sectors via high energy proton beams at LBNF/DUNE and MiniBooNE
• Direct Detection of sub-GeV Dark Matter with Semiconductor Targets
• A force beyond the Standard Model - Status of the quest for hidden photons
• Radiative Events as a Probe of Dark Forces at GeV-Scale e+ e- Colliders
• Effects of a weakly interacting light U boson on the nuclear equation of state and properties of neutron stars in relativistic models
• Dark Matter Antibaryons from a Supersymmetric Hidden Sector
• Secluded Dark Matter Coupled to a Hidden CFT
• Effects of nuclear symmetry energy on eta meson production and its rare decay to the dark U-boson in heavy-ion reactions
• Constraints on dark photons from ${\pi }^0$ decays
• Sommerfeld-Enhanced Annihilation in Dark Matter Substructure: Consequences for Constraints on Cosmic-Ray Excesses
• Continuum-Mediated Dark Matter-Baryon Scattering
• Detecting multimuon jets from the Higgs exotic decays in the Higgs portal framework
• U boson searches at KLOE
• Multiple-point principle realized with strong dynamics
• Search for light long-lived neutral particles that decay to collimated pairs of leptons or light hadrons in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
• Study of the discovery potential for hidden photon emission at future electron scattering fixed target experiments
• Swampland Bounds on Dark Sectors
• Rare B Decays with a HyperCP Particle of Spin One
• Kaon decays shedding light on massless dark photons
• Constraints on a New Light Spin-One Particle from Rare b -> s Transitions
• Search for Leptonic Decays of Dark Photons at NA62
• Constraining Nonstandard Neutrino-Electron Interactions due to a New Light Spin-1 Boson
• MiXDM: Cosmic Ray Signals from Multiple States of Dark Matter
• Singlet Portal to the Hidden Sector
• Dark Sector first results at Belle II
• Dark photon dark matter and fast radio bursts
• Search for the "Dark Photon" and the "Dark Higgs" at Belle
• LHC Lifetime Frontier and Visible Decay Searches in Composite Asymmetric Dark Matter Models
• Gauge field and brane-localized kinetic terms on the chiral square
• Tests of the fundamental symmetries in eta meson decays
• QCD analysis of electromagnetic Dalitz decays $J/\psi \to {\eta }^{(\prime )}{\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$
• Decay rate and asymmetries of ${\Sigma }^{+}\to p{\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$
• Low Energy INTEGRAL Positrons from eXciting Dark Matter
• Dark Forces Searches at KLOE-2
• Search for light long-lived neutral particles from Higgs boson decays via vector-boson-fusion production from $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
• Hitchhiker's Guide to the Swampland: The Cosmologist's Handbook to the string-theoretical Swampland Programme
• Polarization effects in the search for dark vector boson at $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ colliders
• Fat brane, dark matter and localized kinetic terms in six dimensions
• Diphoton Excess through Dark Mediators
• Study of $\eta$-meson Decays at KLOE/KLOE-2
• Search for light neutral particles decaying promptly into collimated pairs of electrons or muons in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
• A possible probe of the new fifth force
• The Dark Z and Charged Higgs Decay
• Searching for dark matter annihilating into light long-lived mediators from stars inside dwarf spheroidal galaxies
• The Forward Physics Facility at the High-Luminosity LHC
• The Dark Photon: a 2026 Perspective
• Light dark forces at flavor factories
• Influence of the weakly interacting light U boson on the properties of massive PNS