CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2010

Abstract

This paper gives the 2010 self-consistent set of values of the basic constants and conversion factors of physics and chemistry recommended by the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) for international use. The 2010 adjustment takes into account the data considered in the 2006 adjustment as well as the data that became available from 1 January 2007, after the closing date of that adjustment, until 31 December 2010, the closing date of the new adjustment. Further, it describes in detail the adjustment of the values of the constants, including the selection of the final set of input data based on the results of least-squares analyses. The 2010 set replaces the previously recommended 2006 CODATA set and may also be found on the World Wide Web at physics.nist.gov/constants.

94 pages, 8 figures, 48 tables

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• Contribution of σ-meson exchange to elastic lepton-proton scattering
• Low-energy effects in brane worlds: Liennard-Wiechert potentials and Hydrogen Lamb shift
• Relativistic two-photon decay rates with the Lagrange-mesh method
• Reappraisal of the limit on the variation in $\alpha$ implied by Oklo
• Precision measurements on trapped antihydrogen in the ALPHA experiment
• Model-QED-operator approach to relativistic calculations of the nuclear recoil effect in many-electron atoms and ions
• Attempts at a determination of the fine-structure constant from first principles: A brief historical overview
• Comment on "Measurements of Newton's gravitational constant and the length of day"
• Some consequences of the Majoron being the dark radiation
• Atomic Physics Constraints on the X Boson
• Advanced extraction of the deuteron charge radius from electron-deuteron scattering data
• Neutron Scattering and Its Application to Strongly Correlated Systems
• Compact astrophysical objects in modified gravity
• Transverse charge density and the radius of the proton
• A determination of the local acceleration of gravity for the NIST-4 watt balance
• Theory of noncontact friction for atom-surface interactions
• Probing the noncommutative effects of phase space in the time-dependent Aharonov-Bohm effect
• Does the Newton's gravitational constant vary sinusoidally with time? Orbital motions say no
• Bipolar polaron pair recombination in P3HT/PCBM solar cells
• Extending theories on muon-specific interactions
• Higgs decays to two leptons and a photon beyond leading order in the SMEFT
• On the number of galaxies at high redshift
• A fresh look at the influence of gravity on the quantum Hall effect
• Three-Loop Contributions to Hyperfine Splitting: Muon Loop Light-by-Light Insertion and Other Closed Lepton Loops
• Finite Volume Effects on the Extraction of Form Factors at Zero Momentum
• Isotope dependence of muon decay in orbit
• Two-photon exchange on neutron and the hyperfine splitting
• Chiral Effective Theory Methods and their Application to the Structure of Hadrons from Lattice QCD
• Probing the flavor-specific scalar mediator for the muon $(g-2)$ deviation, the proton radius puzzle and the light dark matter production
• Model independent study of massive lepton elastic scattering on the proton, beyond the Born approximation
• Probing CP Violation in Photon Self-Interactions with Cavities
• Probing Light Mediators in the Radiative Emission of Neutrino Pair
• g factor of Li-like ions with nonzero nuclear spin
• Electric dipole polarizabilities of doubly ionized alkaline Earth metal ions from perturbed relativistic coupled-cluster theory
• 1S-3S cw spectroscopy of hydrogen/deuterium atom
• Unparticle contribution to the hydrogen atom ground state energy
• Equivalence Principles, Spacetime Structure and the Cosmic Connection
• The leading term of the He$-\bar{p}\mbox{He}^+$ long-range interaction
• Primordial black holes in a dimensionally reduced universe
• Meson exchange in lepton-nucleon scattering and proton radius puzzle
• Proton-electron mass ratio from HD${}^{+}$ revisited
• Polarization observables in lepton-deuteron elastic scattering including the lepton mass
• Nuclear polarization effects in muonic atoms
• Breakdown of the expansion of finite-size corrections to the hydrogen Lamb shift in moments of charge distribution
• Nucleon form factors and parton distributions in nonlocal chiral effective theory
• Finite temperature quantum field theory in the heat kernel method
• Hadron Structure from Lattice QCD
• Subtraction Procedure for Calculation of Anomalous Magnetic Moment of Electron in QED and its Application to Numerical Computation at 3-loop Level
• Magic Wavelength for Hydrogen 1S-2S Transition
• Light-by-Light Scattering Single-Logarithmic Corrections to Hyperfine Splitting in Muonium
• Characterization of Muon and Electron Beams in the Paul Scherrer Institute PiM1 Channel for the MUSE Experiment
• Fine-Structure Constant for Gravitational and Scalar Interactions
• On a Solution of the Self-Interaction Problem in Kohn-Sham Density Functional Theory
• Study of Two-Photon Exchange via the Beam Transverse Single Spin Asymmetry in Electron-Proton Elastic Scattering at Forward Angles over a Wide Energy Range
• Probe of New Physics using Precision Measurement of the Electron Magnetic Moment
• A brief history of the pion-nucleon coupling constant
• Calculation of size for bound-state constituents
• Dirac Hamiltonian and Reissner-Nordstrom Metric: Coulomb Interaction in Curved Space-Time
• The PRad Windowless Gas Flow Target
• Beam stripping interactions in compact cyclotrons
• NeuralCMS: A deep learning approach to study Jupiter's interior
• Low-$Q^2$ elastic electron-proton scattering using a gas jet target
• Deep space experiment to measure $G$
• Polarized Lepton-Nucleon Elastic Scattering and a Search for a Light Scalar Boson
• Static electric multipole susceptibilities of the relativistic hydrogen-like atom in the ground state: Application of the Sturmian expansion of the generalized Dirac-Coulomb Green function
• Electron counting capacitance standard and quantum metrology triangle experiments at PTB
• Spherical Fused Silica Cells Filled with Pure Helium for NMR-Magnetometry
• Reinterpretation of classic proton charge form factor measurements
• Electric dipole polarizabilities of alkali metal ions from perturbed relativistic coupled-cluster theory
• Chiral NNLO${}_{\text{sat}}$ descriptions of nuclear multipole resonances within the random phase approximation
• On the integral law of thermal radiation
• Electromagnetic moments of the bound system of charged particles
• Strong Gravity Approach to QCD and General Relativity
• Bloch oscillations in atom interferometry
• An implicit ODE-based numerical solver for the simulation of the Heisenberg-Euler equations in 3+1 dimensions
• Planck's constant measurement by Landauer quantization for students laboratories
• Rydberg states of hydrogen-like ions in braneworld
• Model independent radiative corrections to elastic deuteron-electron scattering
• The long-lived stau as a thermal relic
• Position space method for the nucleon magnetic moment in lattice QCD
• Quantum Hall effect with small numbers of vortices in Bose-Einstein condensates
• Lower bound on the proton charge radius from electron scattering data
• Gravitational potential of a point mass in a brane world
• High-Accuracy Absolute Magnetometry with Application to the Fermilab Muon $g-2$ Experiment
• Space-Time Curvature Signatures in Bose-Einstein Condensates
• Fifth Force and Hyperfine Splitting in Bound Systems
• Continuum Kinetic Simulations of Plasma Sheaths and Instabilities
• Shortening time scale to reduce thermal effects in quantum transistors
• Two photon exchange in elastic electron scattering off hadronic systems
• Nuclear hyperpolarization of 3He by magnetized plasmas
• New sum rule for the nuclear magnetic polarizability
• Re-Examination of Globally Flat Space-Time
• Chiral Perturbation Theory Reflections on Effective Theories of the Standard Model
• Saturated absorption technique used in Potassium microcell for magnetic field sensing
• Precision measurement of quasi-bound resonances in H${}_2$ and the H + H scattering length
• Radiative Correction to Lepton Proton Scatterings in Manifestly Lorentz-Invariant Chiral Perturbation Theory
• Muonic hydrogen and the proton size
• Properties of the Sachs electric form factor of the proton on the basis of recent $e-p$ scattering experiments and hydrogen spectroscopy
• Simple models with both baryon and lepton number violation by two units
• On new definitions of SI base units. Why is the "atomic" kilogram preferable
• CompOSE - CompStar Online Supernovae Equations of State
• LHC as a photon-photon collider: bounds on ${\Gamma }_{X\to \gamma \gamma }$
• One-loop vacuum polarization at m$\alpha$7 and higher orders for three-body molecular systems
• Precision spectroscopy of the hydrogen molecular ions: present status of theory and experiment
• Bound-state field theory approach to proton structure effects in muonic hydrogen
• Quantum Theory without Planck's Constant
• "Isocrater" impacts: Conditions and mantle dynamical responses for different impactor types
• Muon $g-2$ and semileptonic $B$ decays in Bélanger-Delaunay-Westhoff model with gauge kinetic mixing
• An undergraduate laboratory experiment on measuring the velocity of light with a catastrophic machine
• Hadron Structure and Spectrum from the Lattice
• Nuclear fusion induced by X-rays in a crystal
• Positronium contribution to the electron g-2
• Solar neutrino problem as evidence of new interaction
• Effects of Non-Commutativity on Light-Hydrogen-Like Atoms and Proton Radius
• Hadronic contributions to electroweak observables within DPT
• Anomalous g-Factors for Charged Leptons in a Fractional Coarse-Grained Approach
• Dark Matter as a Solution to Muonic Puzzles
• Light Mediators in Anomaly Free $U(1{)}_X$ Models II - Constraints on Dark Gauge Bosons
• A group-theorist's perspective on symmetry groups in physics
• Testing production scenarios for (anti-)(hyper-)nuclei with multiplicity-dependent measurements at the LHC
• Neutron activation analysis of the 30Si content of highly enriched 28Si: proof of concept and estimation of the achievable uncertainty
• Reflections on a Measurement of the Gravitational Constant Using a Beam Balance and 13 Tons of Mercury
• Low-Energy Lepton-Proton Bremsstrahlung via Effective Field Theory
• Merits and constraints of low-${\mathbf{K}}^2$ experimental data for the proton radius determination
• Analysis of the low-energy ${\pi }^{\pm }p$ differential cross sections of the CHAOS Collaboration
• Modernizing the SI: implications of recent progress with the fundamental constants
• Interstellar communication. IV. Benchmarking information carriers
• Proposal for suppressing ac Stark shift in the He($2{}^3{S}_1\to 3{}^3{S}_1$) two-photon transition using magic wavelengths
• Classical and relativistic conservation of momentum flux in radio-galaxies
• Lowest-order QED radiative corrections in unpolarized elastic electron-deuteron scattering beyond the ultra-relativistic limit for the proposed deuteron charge radius measurement at Jefferson Laboratory
• One-loop vacuum polarization at $m{\alpha }^7$ order for the two center problem
• Sparse formulae for the distance modulus in cosmology
• Accurate determination of the Boltzmann constant by Doppler spectroscopy: Towards a new definition of the kelvin
• Verifying thermodynamic equilibrium of molecular manifolds: Kennard-Stepanov spectroscopy of a molecular gas
• TASI 2020 Lectures on Precision Tests of the Standard Model
• From Dirac theories in curved space-times to a Variation of Dirac's large-number hypothesis
• Revisiting proton-proton fusion in chiral effective field theory
• A model with vectorlike fermions and $U(1{)}_X$ symmetry: CKM unitarity, $b\to s$ transitions, and prospect at Belle II
• On the cancellation of radiative corrections to the cross section of electron-proton scattering
• Relativistic recoil effects in a muonic atom within a Grotch-type approach: General approach
• On the impossibility of measuring the general relativistic part of the terrestrial acceleration of gravity with superconducting gravimeters
• Potential applications of modular representation theory to quantum mechanics
• Matching effective few-nucleon theories to QCD
• Pressure Shifts in High-Precision Hydrogen Spectroscopy: II. Impact Approximation and Monte-Carlo Simulations
• Quantifying the sensitivity of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis to isospin breaking with input from lattice QCD
• Pure bound field corrections to the atomic energy levels and the proton size puzzle
• Sympathetically cooled molecular ions: from principles to first applications
• Phenomena from intersecting branes in six-dimensional Anti-de Sitter spacetime
• Møller scattering at NNLO
• Study of pion vector form factor and its contribution to the muon $(g-2)$
• Recent progress in hadron structure from Lattice QCD
• Automatic calculation of two-loop ELWK corrections to the muon ($g$-2)
• Hypothesis about semi-weak interaction and experiments with solar neutrinos
• The muon g-2: retrospective and future
• Transition cancellations of ${}^{87}$Rb and ${}^{85}$Rb atoms in a magnetic field setting new standards
• Estimating proton radius and proportion of other non-perturbative components in the proton by the Maximum Entropy Method
• Soft-photon radiative corrections to the $e^{-}p\to e^{-}p{l}^{-}{l}^{+}$ process
• The ideal gas of Bosons and Fermions in Harmonic Traps in the framework of Extended Uncertainty Principle
• Cottingham formula for the electromagnetic self-energy contribution to M_p - M_n
• Structural Properties of Irreducible Two-Particle Representations of the Poincaré Group
• Duane -- Hunt relation improved
• Hyperfine splitting in muonic hydrogen constrains new pseudoscalar interactions
• Pressure Shifts in High-Precision Hydrogen Spectroscopy: I. Long-Range Atom-Atom and Atom-Molecule Interactions
• Long-term word frequency dynamics derived from Twitter are corrupted: A bespoke approach to detecting and removing pathologies in ensembles of time series
• On the proton charge extensions
• Gravitational moduli forces in small nuclei and analytical computation of the Newton constant
• The Muon Experimental Anomalies Are Explained by a New Interaction Proportional to Charge
• Conformal gravity: Newton's constant is not universal
• Comment on "Breakdown of the expansion of finite-size corrections to the hydrogen Lamb shift in moments of charge distribution"
• Is the proposed SI revision, according to the October 2018 BIPM documents, scientifically and formally satisfactory?
• Bose-Einstein condensates in microgravity and fundamental tests of gravity
• Ro-vibrational spin-averaged transitions in the hydrogen molecular ions
• The New SI and the CODATA recommended values of the fundamental constants 2017 compared with 2014, with a Comment to Possolo et al., Metrologia 55 (2018) 29
• Torsion Wave Solutions in Yang-Mielke Theory of Gravity
• Variational Calculations of Positronium Scattering with Hydrogen
• Muonic Lithium atoms: nuclear structure corrections to the Lamb shift
• Isoscalar electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon in $N_{\mathrm{f}}=2+1$ lattice QCD
• Electrostatic-gravitational oscillator
• Electromagnetic Form Factors of Nucleon Excitations in Lattice QCD
• Alternative set of defining constants for redefinition of four SI units
• Sub-GeV $U(1{)}_R$ gauge boson to address the proton radius discrepancy
• Leading order relativistic corrections to the dipole polarizability of the hydrogen molecular ions
• Ground state hyperfine structure in muonic lithium ions
• Phenomenological thermodynamics in a nutshell
• Simulating low-energy neutrino interactions with MARLEY
• A diffraction effect in X-ray area detectors
• Anisotropy in the Hubble constant as modeled by density gradients
• Does Cosmological Evolution Select for Technology?
• Optimization of the atom interferometer phase produced by the set of cylindrical source masses to measure the Newtonian gravity constant
• Towards an Improved Test of the Standard Model's Most Precise Prediction
• Monte Carlo Study on Distortion of the Space-Dimension in COBE Monopole Data
• Experiences from the Commissioning and First Physics Run of the Fermilab Muon g-2 Experiment
• Tidal Accelerometry: Exploring the Cosmos Via Gravitational Correlations
• Measured redshift invariance of photon velocity
• Magnetic Field Measurement and Analysis for the Muon g-2 Experiment
• A simple tool for weighted averaging of inconsistent data sets
• A general local causality principle of space-time
• Alignment of the straw tracking detectors for the Fermilab Muon $g-2$ experiment and systematic studies for a muon electric dipole moment measurement
• Lattice calculations and the muon anomalous magnetic moment
• Clustering in hadrons and light nuclei from Lorentz boosted form factors
• Gravity as a purely quantum effect
• Vacuum polarization corrections to the $n=2$ and $n=3$ levels in muonic ${}^4$He
• An optimal method to combine results from different experiments
• A vacuum double-crystal spectrometer for reference-free highly charged ions X-ray spectroscopy
• Stepwise redefinition of the SI base units
• Nuclear deformation effects on charge radius measurements of the proton and deuteron
• Fitting for the energy levels of hydrogen
• Comparison of results for the electromagnetic form factors of the proton at low $Q^2$
• The mean square radius of the neutron distribution and the skin thickness derived from electron scattering
• Domain wall in $f(R)$ gravity
• Astrophysical S-factors of radiative capture of protons on 2H, 3H, 6Li and 12C nuclei
• Proton Radius from Muonic Hydrogen Spectroscopy and Effect of Atomic Nucleus Motion
• Electromagnetic form factors of the proton and neutron from $N_f=2+1$ lattice QCD
• Quantum Geometrodynamics of Higher Derivative Theories with and without Conformal Symmetry
• The proton radius puzzle
• Spectroscopic Bounds on New Physics
• Lattice Calculation of the Proton Charge Radius
• A Generalized Uncertainty Principle from a Mediating Field
• Empirical Relationships among Lepton and Quark Masses
• Noether's Theorem and its Complement: A Gateway to Particle Interaction
• Revisiting Hadronic Mass Relations from First Order Flavor Symmetry Breaking
• A Mathematical Construction of an E6 Grand Unified Theory
• Proton radius puzzle in Hamiltonian dynamics
• A heuristic resolution of the Abraham-Minkowski controversy
• The repository of physical models used for the CODATA-2002 FPC (re-)evaluation
• Search for variability in Newton's constant using local gravitational acceleration measurements
• The muonic hydrogen Lamb shift and the proton radius
• Muon to positron conversion
• A Tale Of Two Amplitudes In High Energy Physics
• Reliable uncertainties in indirect measurements