Thermal QED theory for bound states

Abstract

In present paper the Quantum Electrodynamics theory at finite temperatures for the bound states is presented. To describe the thermal effects arising in a heat bath the Hadamard form of thermal photon propagator is employed. This form permits the simple introduction of thermal gauges in a way similar to the 'ordinary' Feynman propagator and, therefore, the gauge invariance can be proved for all the considered effects. Moreover, contrary to the 'standard' form of thermal photon propagator, the Hadamard expression has a well defined analytical properties. However, this thermal photon propagator contains the divergent contribution which requires the introduction of regularization procedure within the framework of constructed theory. The method of regularization in conjunction with the physical interpretation is given in the paper. Correctness of regularization procedure is confirmed also by the gauge invariance of final results and coincidence of the results (on the example of self-energy correction) for two different forms of photon propagator. On the basis of constructed theory the thermal Coulomb potential and its asymptotics at the large distances are found. Finally, we discuss in details the thermal effects of lowest order in the fine structure constant and temperature. Such effects are presented by the thermal one-photon exchange between bound electron and nucleus, thermal one-loop self-energy, thermal vacuum polarization, recoil corrections and correction on the finite size of the nucleus. Introduction of the regularization allows us do not apply the renormalization procedure. To confirm this we describe also the thermal vertex (with one, two and three vertices) corrections within the adiabatic $S$-matrix formalism. Finally, the influence of thermal effects on the determination of proton radius and Rydberg constant is discussed in the paper.

32 pages, 10 figures, 6 Tables

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Cited by in corpus (13)

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• Two-photon atomic level widths at finite temperatures
• Relativistic corrections to the thermal interaction of bound particles
• Thermal corrections to the bound-electron $g$-factor
• Thermal corrections of lowest order for a helium atom
• Thermal radiative corrections to hyperfine structure of light hydrogen-like systems
• Vertex-type thermal correction to the one-photon transition rates
• Combined two-loop self-energy corrections at finite and zero temperatures
• Thermal one-loop self-energy correction for hydrogen-like systems: Relativistic approach
• Applicability of the Dirac-Fock method combined with Core Polarization in calculations of alkali atoms
• Lowest order thermal correction to the hydrogen recombination cross section in presence of blackbody radiation
• Thermal corrections for positronium
• Radiative corrections to the level width in the presence of magnetic field