Probing QED and fundamental constants through laser spectroscopy of vibrational transitions in HD+

Abstract

The simplest molecules in nature, molecular hydrogen ions in the form of H2+ and HD+, provide an important benchmark system for tests of quantum electrodynamics in complex forms of matter. Here, we report on such a test based on a frequency measurement of a vibrational overtone transition in HD+ by laser spectroscopy. We find that the theoretical and experimental frequencies are equal to within 0.6(1.1) parts per billion, which represents the most stringent test of molecular theory so far. Our measurement not only confirms the validity of high-order quantum electrodynamics in molecules, but also enables the long predicted determination of the proton-to-electron mass ratio from a molecular system, as well as improved constraints on hypothetical fifth forces and compactified higher dimensions at the molecular scale. With the perspective of comparisons between theory and experiment at the 0.01 part-per-billion level, our work demonstrates the potential of molecular hydrogen ions as a probe of fundamental physical constants and laws.

References in corpus (3)

• High-precision measurement of the atomic mass of the electron
• Relativistic corrections of mα^6 order to the ro-vibrational spectrum of H_2^+ and HD^+ molecular ions
• Constraints on extra dimensions from precision molecular spectroscopy

Cited by in corpus (58)

• Search for New Physics with Atoms and Molecules
• Proton-Electron Mass Ratio from Laser Spectroscopy of HD${}^{+}$ at the Part-Per-Trillion Level
• Hybrid integrated semiconductor lasers with silicon nitride feedback circuits
• Sub-Doppler frequency metrology in HD for test of fundamental physics
• Sub-Doppler Cooling and Compressed Trapping of YO Molecules at $\mu$K Temperatures
• Quantum entanglement between an atom and a molecule
• Toward a determination of the proton-electron mass ratio from the Lamb-dip measurement of HD
• Proton-electron mass ratio by high-resolution optical spectroscopy of ion ensembles in the resolved-carrier regime
• Quantum non-demolition state detection and spectroscopy of single trapped molecules
• Complete ${\alpha }^{6}m$ corrections to the ground state of H${}_2$
• Rotational spectroscopy of cold, trapped molecular ions in the Lamb-Dicke regime
• Quantum Forces from Dark Matter and Where to Find Them
• High-precision methanol spectroscopy with a widely tunable SI-traceable frequency-comb-based mid-infrared QCL
• Superstatistical energy distributions of an ion in an ultracold buffer gas
• Hydrogen molecular ions for improved determination of fundamental constants
• Penning-trap mass measurements of the deuteron and the HD+ molecular ion
• Molecular near-infrared transitions determined with sub-kHz accuracy
• Bounding Quantum Dark Forces
• Deuteron charge radius and Rydberg constant from spectroscopy data in atomic deuterium
• Tests of Fundamental Quantum Mechanics and Dark Interactions with Low Energy Neutrons -- Extended Version
• Review of experimental and theoretical status of the proton radius puzzle
• Rotation of cold molecular ions inside a Bose-Einstein condensate
• Trapping, cooling, and photodissociation analysis of state-selected H$\_2^{+}$ ions produced by (3+1) multiphoton ionization
• Stimulated-Raman-Scattering Metrology
• High-Precision Ramsey-Comb Spectroscopy Based on High-Harmonic Generation
• High-resolution mid-infrared spectroscopy of buffer-gas-cooled methyltrioxorhenium molecules
• Precision Measurements in Few-Electron Molecules: The Ionization Energy of Metastable ${}^4$He${}_2$ and the First Rotational Interval of ${}^4$He${{}_2}^{+}$
• High-precision spectroscopy of the HD+ molecule at the 1-p.p.b. level
• Identification of molecular quantum states using phase-sensitive forces
• Two-photon vibrational transitions in ${\mathrm{O}}_2^{+}$ as probes of variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio
• Ro-vibrational states of H${}_2^{+}$. Variational calculations
• Leading order relativistic corrections to the ro-vibrational spectrum of $\mbox{H}^+_2$ and $\mbox{HD}^+$ molecular ions
• From megahertz to terahertz qubits encoded in molecular ions: theoretical analysis of dipole-forbidden spectroscopic transitions in N${}_2^{+}$
• Direct temperature determination of a sympathetically cooled large 113Cd+ ion crystal for a microwave clock
• Generation of rotational ground state HD${}^{+}$ ions in an ion trap using a resonance-enhanced threshold photoionization process
• Optimised surface-electrode ion-trap junctions for experiments with cold molecular ions
• Precision measurement of the rotational energy-level structure of the three-electron molecule He${}_2^{+}$
• Laser-stimulated electric quadrupole transitions in the molecular hydrogen ion H2+
• Background-Induced Forces from Dark Relics
• Canceling spin-dependent contributions and systematic shifts in precision spectroscopy of the molecular hydrogen ions
• High-resolution 'magic'-field spectroscopy on trapped polyatomic molecules
• Proton-electron mass ratio from HD${}^{+}$ revisited
• Stark quenching of rovibrational states of H2+ due to motion in a magnetic field
• Absolute frequency measurement of molecular iodine hyperfine transitions at 647 nm
• One-loop vacuum polarization at m$\alpha$7 and higher orders for three-body molecular systems
• Demonstration of Ramsey-Comb Precision Spectroscopy in Xenon at Vacuum Ultraviolet Wavelengths Produced with High-Harmonic Generation
• Studying fundamental physics using quantum enabled technologies with trapped molecular ions
• Direct Phase Locking of a Ti:Sapphire Optical Frequency Comb to a Remote Optical Frequency Standard
• A Testing Time for Anti-matter
• Accurate Determination of Blackbody Radiation Shifts in a Strontium Molecular Lattice Clock
• Relativistic properties of a molecule: energy, linear momentum, angular momentum and boost momentum to order $1/c^2$
• Motional resonances of three-dimensional dual-species Coulomb crystals
• Quantum coherence in dissociative electron attachment: isotope effect
• Leading order relativistic corrections to the dipole polarizability of the hydrogen molecular ions
• High-resolution spectroscopy on cold electrically trapped formaldehyde
• Dual optical frequency combs with ultra-low relative phase jitters from 550 nm to 1020 nm for precision spectroscopy
• QED corrections of orders $m{\alpha }^6$ and $m{\alpha }^6(m/M)$ for HD${}^{+}$ rovibrational transitions beyond Born-Oppenheimer approximation
• Ghost features in Doppler-broadened spectra of rovibrational transitions in trapped HD${}^{+}$ ions