Progress in Atomic Fountains at LNE-SYRTE

Abstract

We give an overview of the work done with the Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais-Systèmes de Référence Temps-Espace (LNE-SYRTE) fountain ensemble during the last five years. After a description of the clock ensemble, comprising three fountains, FO1, FO2, and FOM, and the newest developments, we review recent studies of several systematic frequency shifts. This includes the distributed cavity phase shift, which we evaluate for the FO1 and FOM fountains, applying the techniques of our recent work on FO2. We also report calculations of the microwave lensing frequency shift for the three fountains, review the status of the blackbody radiation shift, and summarize recent experimental work to control microwave leakage and spurious phase perturbations. We give current accuracy budgets. We also describe several applications in time and frequency metrology: fountain comparisons, calibrations of the international atomic time, secondary representation of the SI second based on the 87Rb hyperfine frequency, absolute measurements of optical frequencies, tests of the T2L2 satellite laser link, and review fundamental physics applications of the LNE-SYRTE fountain ensemble. Finally, we give a summary of the tests of the PHARAO cold atom space clock performed using the FOM transportable fountain.

19 pages, 12 figures, 5 tables, 126 references

References in corpus (19)

• The Confrontation between General Relativity and Experiment
• Sr lattice clock at 1x10^{-16} fractional uncertainty by remote optical evaluation with a Ca clock
• New Limits on Coupling of Fundamental Constants to Gravity Using ${}^{87}$Sr Optical Lattice Clocks
• Interference-filter-stabilized external-cavity diode lasers
• Absolute frequency measurement of the 40Ca+ S1/2 - D5/2 clock transition
• High-accuracy calculation of black-body radiation shift in ${}^{133}$Cs primary frequency standard
• An Optical Lattice Clock with Spin-polarized 87Sr Atoms
• Doppler-free spectroscopy of the 1S0-3P0 optical clock transition in laser-cooled fermionic isotopes of neutral mercury
• Evaluating and Minimizing Distributed Cavity Phase Errors in Atomic Clocks
• Evaluation of Doppler Shifts to Improve the Accuracy of Primary Atomic Fountain Clocks
• Frequency shift of cesium clock transition due to blackbody radiation
• Frequency shift of hyperfine transitions due to blackbody radiation
• Demonstration of a Dual Alkali Rb/Cs Atomic Fountain Clock
• Ultra-low vibration pulse-tube cryocooler stabilized cryogenic sapphire oscillator with 10^-16 fractional frequency stability
• Variation of fundamental constants in space and time: theory and observations
• A Quantum Scattering Interferometer
• Spin-1/2 Optical Lattice Clock
• An experimental study of intermodulation effects in an atomic fountain frequency standard
• Recoil Effects in Microwave Ramsey Spectroscopy

Cited by in corpus (23)

• Frequency ratio of two optical clock transitions in ${}^{171}$Yb${}^{+}$ and constraints on the time-variation of fundamental constants
• A transportable optical lattice clock with $7\times 10^{-17}$ uncertainty
• Simultaneous remote transfer of accurate timing and optical frequency over a public fiber network
• Quantum cascade laser frequency stabilisation at the sub-Hz level
• Improved tests of Local Position Invariance using 87Rb and 133Cs fountains
• Direct comparison of a Ca+ single ion clock against a Sr optical lattice clock
• Measuring the stability of fundamental constants with a network of clocks
• Absolute frequency measurement of the 1S0 - 3P0 transition of 171Yb
• Stability of a trapped atom clock on a chip
• A molecular fountain
• Evaluation of Long Term Performance of Continuously Running Atomic Fountains
• The unit of time: present and future directions
• A widely tunable 10-$\mu$m quantum cascade laser phase-locked to a state-of-the-art mid-infrared reference for precision molecular spectroscopy
• Demonstration of the nearly continuous operation of an ${}^{171}$Yb optical lattice clock for half a year
• Enhanced observation time of magneto-optical traps using micro-machined non-evaporable getter pumps
• S-Wave Collisional Frequency Shift of a Fermion Clock
• QSNET, a network of clocks for measuring the stability of fundamental constants
• Improved absolute frequency measurement of ${}^{171}$Yb at NMIJ with uncertainty below $2\times 10^{-16}$
• Gravitational clock compass and the detection of gravitational waves
• Development of a Cesium Fountain Clock at HUST: Preliminary Results
• 100-ns-level timing holdover after 12 years for rubidium atomic fountains
• Drift-compensated Low-noise Frequency Synthesis Based on a cryoCSO for the KRISS-F1
• Development of NPL Rb fountain frequency standard