Supernova axions convert to gamma-rays in magnetic fields of progenitor stars

Abstract

It has long been established that axions could have been produced within the nascent proto-neutron-star formed following the type II supernova SN1987A, escaped the star due to their weak interactions, and then converted to gamma-rays in the Galactic magnetic fields; the non-observation of a gamma-ray flash coincident with the neutrino burst leads to strong constraints on the axion-photon coupling for axion masses $m_a\lesssim 10^{-10}$ eV. In this work we use SN1987A to constrain higher mass axions, all the way to $m_a\sim 10^{-3}$ eV, by accounting for axion production from the Primakoff process, nucleon bremsstrahlung, and pion conversion along with axion-photon conversion on the still-intact magnetic fields of the progenitor star. Moreover, we show that gamma-ray observations of the next Galactic supernova, leveraging the magnetic fields of the progenitor star, could detect quantum chromodynamics axions for masses above roughly 50 $\mu$eV, depending on the supernova. We propose a new full-sky gamma-ray satellite constellation that we call the GALactic AXion Instrument for Supernova (GALAXIS) to search for such future signals along with related signals from extragalactic neutron star mergers.

arXiv comment10+18 pages, 3+20 figures, video abstract at https://youtu.be/QiNonlkARps; v2: updated to journal version, minor analysis issues fixed for SMM, conclusions unchanged

References in corpus (82)

• Shapiro delay measurement of a two solar mass neutron star
• A Massive Pulsar in a Compact Relativistic Binary
• GWTC-1: A Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog of Compact Binary Mergers Observed by LIGO and Virgo during the First and Second Observing Runs
• GW170817: Measurements of Neutron Star Radii and Equation of State
• Binary interaction dominates the evolution of massive stars
• String Axiverse
• Relativistic Shapiro delay measurements of an extremely massive millisecond pulsar
• Axions In String Theory
• Explosion Mechanisms of Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Equations of state for supernovae and compact stars
• The QCD axion, precisely
• Magnetic fields of non-degenerate stars
• The landscape of QCD axion models
• A New Model of the Galactic Magnetic Field
• Neutron-star radius constraints from GW170817 and future detections
• The type IIB string axiverse and its low-energy phenomenology
• Collider Probes of Axion-Like Particles
• Revisiting the SN1987A gamma-ray limit on ultralight axion-like particles
• Radiation hydrodynamics with neutrinos: Variable Eddington factor method for core-collapse supernova simulations
• Any Light Particle Search II -- Technical Design Report
• Physics potential of the International Axion Observatory (IAXO)
• Improved axion emissivity from a supernova via nucleon-nucleon bremsstrahlung
• The Low-Energy Effective Theory of Axions and ALPs
• Flavor probes of axion-like particles
• Muon Creation in Supernova Matter Facilitates Neutrino-driven Explosions
• Symmetry energy impact in simulations of core-collapse supernovae
• Gamma Rays from SN1987A due to Pseudoscalar Conversion
• SN 1987A Gamma-Ray Limits on the Conversion of Pseudoscalars
• Is there a supernova bound on axions?
• Nucleon Spin Fluctuations and the Supernova Emission of Neutrinos and Axions
• Hadronic axion window and the big-bang nucleosynthesis
• The Triple-Ring Nebula around SN1987A: Fingerprint of a binary merger
• Astrophysical limits on very light axion-like particles from Chandra grating spectroscopy of NGC 1275
• A Fresh Look at Axions and SN 1987A
• Direct Astrophysical Tests of Chiral Effective Field Theory at Supranuclear Densities
• Probing axions with the neutrino signal from the next galactic supernova
• Muons in supernovae: implications for the axion-muon coupling
• The Fermi Large Area Telescope as a Galactic Supernovae Axionscope
• Solving the Hierarchy Problem Discretely
• Upper Limit on the QCD Axion Mass from Isolated Neutron Star Cooling
• The magnetic field of Betelgeuse: a local dynamo from giant convection cells?
• Astrophysical Axion Bounds: The 2024 Edition
• An even lighter QCD axion
• Enhanced Supernova Axion Emission and its Implications
• New constraints on light Axion-Like Particles using Chandra Transmission Grating Spectroscopy of the powerful cluster-hosted quasar H1821+643
• X-ray Searches for Axions from Super Star Clusters
• Observable signatures of enhanced axion emission from protoneutron stars
• Pions in hot dense matter and their astrophysical implications
• The Coherent Magnetic Field of the Milky Way
• Updated constraints on axion-like particles from temporal information in supernova SN1987A gamma-ray data
• On String Theory Expectations for Photon Couplings to Axion-Like Particles
• Getting the most on supernova axions
• Searching For Dark Matter with Plasma Haloscopes
• Numerical Simulations of Convective 3-Dimensional Red Supergiant Envelopes
• NS 1987A in SN 1987A
• Self-consistent picture of the mass ejection from a one second-long binary neutron star merger leaving a short-lived remnant in general-relativistic neutrino-radiation magnetohydrodynamic simulation
• PQ Axiverse
• Axion Emission Can Explain a New Hard $X$-ray Excess from Nearby Isolated Neutron Stars
• Supernova Simulations Confront SN 1987A Neutrinos
• Binary neutron star merger simulations with neutrino transport and turbulent viscosity: impact of different schemes and grid resolution
• 3D MHD modeling of the expanding remnant of SN 1987A. Role of magnetic field and non-thermal radio emission
• Magnetic activity in late-type giant stars: Numerical MHD simulations of non-linear dynamo action in Betelgeuse
• No evidence for axions from Chandra observation of magnetic white dwarf
• Emission lines due to ionizing radiation from a compact object in the remnant of Supernova 1987A
• The state of matter in simulations of core-collapse supernovae -- Reflections and recent developments
• Ab-Initio General-Relativistic Neutrino-Radiation Hydrodynamics Simulations of Long-Lived Neutron Star Merger Remnants to Neutrino Cooling Timescales
• Axion emission from supernova with axion-pion-nucleon contact interaction
• Magnetars and Axion-like Particles: Probes with the Hard X-ray Spectrum
• Blue supergiants as descendants of magnetic main sequence stars
• Axions in neutron star mergers
• First Constraints on the Photon Coupling of Axion-like Particles from Multimessenger Studies of the Neutron Star Merger GW170817
• Constraints on axionlike particles from a combined analysis of three flaring $\text{Fermi}$ flat-spectrum radio quasars
• Cooling binary neutron star remnants via nucleon-nucleon-axion bremsstrahlung
• Alfven Wave-Driven Supernova Explosion
• Supernova-scope for the Direct Search of Supernova Axions
• Supernova Axion Emissivity with $\Delta (1232)$ Resonance in Heavy Baryon Chiral Perturbation Theory
• Supernova Limits on Muonic Dark Forces
• Axion emission from supernovae: a cheatsheet
• The axion-baryon coupling in SU(3) heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory
• Uncovering axion-like particles in supernova gamma-ray spectra
• Pion axioproduction: The Delta resonance contribution
• Polarized radio emission unveils the structure of the pre-supernova circumstellar magnetic field and the radio emission in SN1987A

Cited by in corpus (25)

• Axion Astrophysics
• Search for ultralight dark matter in the SuperMAG high-fidelity dataset
• First search for axion dark matter with a Madmax prototype
• The Influence of Muons, Pions, and Trapped Neutrinos on Neutron Star Mergers
• SN 2023ixf -- an average-energy explosion with circumstellar medium and a precursor
• First Axion-Like Particle Results from a Broadband Search for Wave-Like Dark Matter in the 44 to 52 $\mu$eV Range with a Coaxial Dish Antenna
• NuSTAR as an Axion Helioscope
• In-flight positron annihilation as a probe of feebly interacting particles
• Progenitor Dependence of Neutrino-driven Supernova Explosions with the Aid of Heavy Axion-like Particles
• Axion-photon conversion in transient compact stars: Systematics, constraints, and opportunities
• Probing axion-like particles with multimessenger observations of neutron star mergers
• Ultimate light-shining-through-a-wall experiments to establish QCD axions as the dominant form of dark matter
• Stripped-Envelope Supernovae for QCD Axion Detection
• Detecting Supernova Axions with IAXO
• Polarization Measurements as a Probe of Axion-Photon Coupling: a Study of GRB 221009A
• Probing the Axion-Nucleon Coupling with Supergiant Stars
• Fresh look at the diffuse ALP background from supernovae
• Small Progenitors, Large Couplings: Type Ic Supernova Constraints on Radiatively Decaying Particles
• A Continuous Galactic Line Source of Axions: The Remarkable Case of 23Na
• Axions at the meV Crossroads: Theory, Cosmology, Astrophysics, and Experiments
• Resonant enhancement of axion dark matter decay
• Limits on the axion-photon coupling from Chandrayaan-2 observations
• A magnetic field detection in the massive O-type bright giant 63 Oph
• Projected sensitivity of CTAO to axion-like particles from blazars with a machine learning approach
• Investigating the light curve variation of magnetic white dwarfs induced by the axion-photon conversion