Supernova axions convert to gamma-rays in magnetic fields of progenitor stars
arXiv:2405.19393 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.211002
Abstract
It has long been established that axions could have been produced within the nascent proto-neutron-star formed following the type II supernova SN1987A, escaped the star due to their weak interactions, and then converted to gamma-rays in the Galactic magnetic fields; the non-observation of a gamma-ray flash coincident with the neutrino burst leads to strong constraints on the axion-photon coupling for axion masses eV. In this work we use SN1987A to constrain higher mass axions, all the way to eV, by accounting for axion production from the Primakoff process, nucleon bremsstrahlung, and pion conversion along with axion-photon conversion on the still-intact magnetic fields of the progenitor star. Moreover, we show that gamma-ray observations of the next Galactic supernova, leveraging the magnetic fields of the progenitor star, could detect quantum chromodynamics axions for masses above roughly 50 eV, depending on the supernova. We propose a new full-sky gamma-ray satellite constellation that we call the GALactic AXion Instrument for Supernova (GALAXIS) to search for such future signals along with related signals from extragalactic neutron star mergers.
10+18 pages, 3+20 figures, video abstract at https://youtu.be/QiNonlkARps; v2: updated to journal version, minor analysis issues fixed for SMM, conclusions unchanged
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