Measurement of the fine-structure constant as a test of the Standard Model

Abstract

Measurements of the fine-structure constant alpha require methods from across subfields and are thus powerful tests of the consistency of theory and experiment in physics. Using the recoil frequency of cesium-133 atoms in a matter-wave interferometer, we recorded the most accurate measurement of the fine-structure constant to date: alpha = 1/137.035999046(27) at 2.0 x 10^-10 accuracy. Using multiphoton interactions (Bragg diffraction and Bloch oscillations), we demonstrate the largest phase (12 million radians) of any Ramsey-Borde interferometer and control systematic effects at a level of 0.12 parts per billion. Comparison with Penning trap measurements of the electron gyromagnetic anomaly ge-2 via the Standard Model of particle physics is now limited by the uncertainty in ge-2; a 2.5 sigma tension rejects dark photons as the reason for the unexplained part of the muon's magnetic moment at a 99 percent confidence level. Implications for dark-sector candidates and electron substructure may be a sign of physics beyond the Standard Model that warrants further investigation.

References in corpus (7)

• Atom Interferometers
• New determination of the fine structure constant and test of the quantum electrodynamics
• High-precision measurement of the atomic mass of the electron
• Atom Interferometry with up to 24-Photon-Momentum-Transfer Beam Splitters
• Tenth-Order Electron Anomalous Magnetic Moment --- Contribution of Diagrams without Closed Lepton Loops
• Measurement of the Gravity-Field Curvature by Atom Interferometry
• Controlling the Multiport Nature of Bragg Diffraction in Atom Interferometry

Cited by in corpus (364)

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• Phase modulation detection of a strontium atom interferometer gyroscope
• Diffraction phase-free Bragg atom interferometry
• Window quantities for the hadronic vacuum polarization contributions to the muon anomalous magnetic moment in spacelike and timelike domains
• Neutrino mass and nature through its mediation in atomic clock interference