Dark hyperCharge Symmetry

Abstract

We introduce a new class of $U(1{)}_X$ symmetries where all Standard Model fermions are ``chiral," i.e., the left- and right-handed components have different charges under the $U(1{)}_X$ symmetry. Gauge anomaly cancellation is achieved by introducing three Standard Model gauge singlet dark fermions ($f^i$; $i=1,2,3$) charged under this symmetry. We systematically present chiral solutions for cases in which (a) one, (b) two, or (c) all three generations of Standard Model fermions are charged under the $U(1{)}_X$ symmetry. The $U(1{)}_X$ charges of these dark fermions are uniquely determined by anomaly cancellation conditions. These new fermions belong to the dark sector, with the lightest of them being a good dark matter candidate. Additionally, the $Z^{\prime }$ gauge boson mediates interactions between the dark and visible sectors, and we call this $U(1{)}_X$ symmetry as the ``dark hyperCharge" symmetry. Using a benchmark model, we explore phenomenological implications in the heavy $Z^{\prime }$ case ($M_{Z^{\prime }}>M_Z$), analyzing collider constraints and examining the lightest dark fermion's viability as dark matter. Our analysis shows that it satisfies all current dark matter constraints over a wide range of dark matter mass.

37 pages, 12 figures, 5 tables, matches with accepted PRD version

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