On Dark Matter Interactions with the Standard Model through an Anomalous $Z^{\prime }$

Abstract

We study electroweak scale Dark Matter (DM) whose interactions with baryonic matter are mediated by a heavy anomalous $Z^{\prime }$. We emphasize that when the DM is a Majorana particle, its low-velocity annihilations are dominated by loop suppressed annihilations into the gauge bosons, rather than by p-wave or chirally suppressed annihilations into the SM fermions. Because the $Z^{\prime }$ is anomalous, these kinds of DM models can be realized only as effective field theories (EFTs) with a well-defined cutoff, where heavy spectator fermions restore gauge invariance at high energies. We formulate these EFTs, estimate their cutoff and properly take into account the effect of the Chern-Simons terms one obtains after the spectator fermions are integrated out. We find that, while for light DM collider and direct detection experiments usually provide the strongest bounds, the bounds at higher masses are heavily dominated by indirect detection experiments, due to strong annihilation into $W^{+}{W}^{-}$, $ZZ$, $Z\gamma$ and possibly into $gg$ and $\gamma \gamma$. We emphasize that these annihilation channels are generically significant because of the structure of the EFT, and therefore these models are prone to strong indirect detection constraints. Even though we focus on selected $Z^{\prime }$ models for illustrative purposes, our setup is completely generic and can be used for analyzing the predictions of any anomalous $Z^{\prime }$-mediated DM model with arbitrary charges.

arXiv comment34 pages, 13 figures; minor plot details amended near resonance regions, conclusions unchanged

References in corpus (60)

• Particle Dark Matter: Evidence, Candidates and Constraints
• Automatized One-Loop Calculations in 4 and D dimensions
• Searching for Dark Matter Annihilation from Milky Way Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies with Six Years of Fermi-LAT Data
• The Waning of the WIMP? A Review of Models, Searches, and Constraints
• First Dark Matter Search Results from the XENON1T Experiment
• Constraints on Dark Matter from Colliders
• The Effective Field Theory of Dark Matter Direct Detection
• Review of asymmetric dark matter
• The Tevatron at the Frontier of Dark Matter Direct Detection
• Constraints on Light Majorana Dark Matter from Colliders
• Search for dark matter, extra dimensions, and unparticles in monojet events in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV
• Simplified Models for Dark Matter Searches at the LHC
• Dark matter production in the early Universe: beyond the thermal WIMP paradigm
• LEP Shines Light on Dark Matter
• Model-independent WIMP Scattering Responses and Event Rates: A Mathematica Package for Experimental Analysis
• Search for dark matter annihilations towards the inner Galactic halo from 10 years of observations with H.E.S.S
• Updated Search for Spectral Lines from Galactic Dark Matter Interactions with Pass 8 Data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope
• Non-relativistic effective theory of dark matter direct detection
• Dark Matter Search Results from the PICO-60 C${}_3$F${}_8$ Bubble Chamber
• On the Validity of the Effective Field Theory for Dark Matter Searches at the LHC
• Dark Matter Search Results from the PICO-2L C${}_3$F${}_8$ Bubble Chamber
• Implications of unitarity and gauge invariance for simplified dark matter models
• A framework for Higgs characterisation
• Search for photon line-like signatures from Dark Matter annihilations with H.E.S.S
• Tools for model-independent bounds in direct dark matter searches
• Beyond Effective Field Theory for Dark Matter Searches at the LHC
• Search for Gamma-Ray Emission from DES Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy Candidates with Fermi-LAT Data
• Search for annihilating dark matter in the Sun with 3 years of IceCube data
• Photon Events with Missing Energy in e+e- Collisions at sqrt{s} = 130 to 209 GeV
• On the Validity of the Effective Field Theory for Dark Matter Searches at the LHC, Part II: Complete Analysis for the s-channel
• New constraints on light vectors coupled to anomalous currents
• On the Validity of the Effective Field Theory for Dark Matter Searches at the LHC Part III: Analysis for the $t$-channel
• Light dark matter and $Z^{\prime }$ dark force at colliders
• (In)visible Z' and dark matter
• LHC and Tevatron bounds on the dark matter direct detection cross-section for vector mediators
• Dark Matter Complementarity and the Z${}^{\prime }$ Portal
• On the Effective Theory of Low Scale Orientifold String Vacua
• Form factors for dark matter capture by the Sun in effective theories
• Invisible Z' and dark matter: LHC vs LUX constraints
• Thermal and non-thermal production of dark matter via Z'-portal(s)
• Loopy Constraints on Leptophilic Dark Matter and Internal Bremsstrahlung
• Axial Dark Matter: the case for an invisible Z'
• Lectures on Dark Matter Physics
• Anomaly-Free Dark Matter Models are not so Simple
• Minimal Anomalous U(1)' Extension of the MSSM
• Search for narrow resonances in dilepton mass spectra in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV and combination with 8 TeV data
• Axial Vector $Z^{\prime }$ and Anomaly Cancellation
• Search for one large extra dimension with the DELPHI detector at LEP
• On the importance of loop-induced spin-independent interactions for dark matter direct detection
• Lectures on Anomalies
• A clear Dark Matter gamma ray line generated by the Green-Schwarz mechanism
• Recommendations of the LHC Dark Matter Working Group: Comparing LHC searches for heavy mediators of dark matter production in visible and invisible decay channels
• Extra U(1), effective operators, anomalies and dark matter
• Model Independent Direct Detection Analyses
• An Anomalous Extra Z Prime from Intersecting Branes with Drell-Yan and Direct Photons at the LHC
• Non-Abelian Anomalies and Effective Actions for a Homogeneous Space $G/H$
• Complementarity of Dark Matter Searches at Resonance
• Complementarity of DM Searches in a Consistent Simplified Model: the Case of Z'
• General calculation of the cross section for dark matter annihilations into two photons
• More on the Hypercharge Portal into the Dark Sector

Cited by in corpus (22)

• Flavor-specific scalar mediators
• LHC Searches for Dark Sector Showers
• Freezing-in dark matter through a heavy invisible $Z^{\prime }$
• Foraging for dark matter in large volume liquid scintillator neutrino detectors with multiscatter events
• Identifying WIMP dark matter from particle and astroparticle data
• Neutron Stars with Baryon Number Violation, Probing Dark Sectors
• Dark Matter in Anomaly-Free Gauge Extensions
• Top-philic $Z^{\prime }$ Forces at the LHC
• Light vectors coupled to bosonic currents
• Anomalous $Z^{\prime }$ bosons for anomalous $B$ decays
• Effective Field Theory of Stückelberg Vector Bosons
• Probing new $U(1)$ gauge symmetries via exotic $Z\to Z^{\prime }\gamma$ decays
• Anomalous $Z^{\prime }$ and Diboson Resonances at the LHC
• Minimal anomalous $\mathrm{U}(1)$ theories and collider phenomenology
• Dijet and electroweak limits on a $Z^{\prime }$ boson coupled to quarks
• Terrestrial detection of hidden vectors produced by solar nuclear reactions
• Dark Sector Showers in the Lund Jet Plane
• The Elusive Muonic WIMP
• Reheating and Leptogenesis after Vector inflation
• Probing triple-gauge couplings in anomalous gauge theories at hadron and lepton colliders
• Simplified Dark Matter Models
• Theory, phenomenology, and experimental avenues for dark showers: a Snowmass 2021 report