Dark matter production in the early Universe: beyond the thermal WIMP paradigm

Abstract

Increasingly stringent limits from LHC searches for new physics, coupled with lack of convincing signals of weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) in dark matter searches, have tightly constrained many realizations of the standard paradigm of thermally produced WIMPs as cold dark matter. In this article, we review more generally both thermally and non-thermally produced dark matter (DM). One may classify DM models into two broad categories: one involving bosonic coherent motion (BCM) and the other involving WIMPs. BCM and WIMP candidates need, respectively, some approximate global symmetries and almost exact discrete symmetries. Supersymmetric axion models are highly motivated since they emerge from compelling and elegant solutions to the two fine-tuning problems of the Standard Model: the strong CP problem and the gauge hierarchy problem. We review here non-thermal relics in a general setup, but we also pay particular attention to the rich cosmological properties of various aspects of mixed SUSY/axion dark matter candidates which can involve both WIMPs and BCM in an interwoven manner. We also review briefly a panoply of alternative thermal and non-thermal DM candidates.

arXiv comment71 pages with 28 figures

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• Probing the scotogenic FIMP at the LHC
• Cosmological implications of modified gravity induced by quantum metric fluctuations
• An ultralight pseudoscalar boson
• Runaway Quintessence, Out of the Swampland
• Axion boson stars
• Suppressing structure formation at dwarf galaxy scales and below: late kinetic decoupling as a compelling alternative to warm dark matter
• Dark Matter Production in an Early Matter Dominated Era
• Decaying Leptophilic Dark Matter at IceCube
• Revisiting the SUSY mu problem and its solutions in the LHC era
• Pulsar timing can constrain primordial black holes in the LIGO mass window
• Hybrid metric-Palatini stars
• Freeze-in Production of Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter in U(1)${}_{\mathrm{B}-\mathrm{L}}$ Model
• Strong constraints from COSINE-100 on the DAMA dark matter results using the same sodium iodide target
• A realistic model for Dark Matter interactions in the neutrino portal paradigm
• WIMP searches with gamma rays in the Fermi era: challenges, methods and results
• A fresh look into the interacting dark matter scenario
• Stringy-Running-Vacuum-Model Inflation: from primordial Gravitational Waves and stiff Axion Matter to Dynamical Dark Energy
• Constraining dark matter-neutrino interactions with IceCube-170922A
• Cosmic infrared background excess from axion-like particles and implications for multi-messenger observations of blazars
• Is natural higgsino-only dark matter excluded?
• The Degree of Fine-Tuning in our Universe -- and Others
• Pairwise sums in colourings of the reals
• IceCube Events from Heavy DM decays through the Right-handed Neutrino Portal
• (Non-)thermal production of WIMPs during kination
• MeV Dark Matter Complementarity and the Dark Photon Portal
• Mass bounds for compact spherically symmetric objects in generalized gravity theories
• Inflation and Dark Matter in the Inert Doublet Model
• Constraining the minimal dark matter fiveplet with LHC searches
• Natural SUSY with a bino- or wino-like LSP
• Results on sub-GeV Dark Matter from a 10 eV Threshold CRESST-III Silicon Detector
• Two-step strongly first-order electroweak phase transition modified FIMP dark matter, gravitational wave signals, and the neutrino mass
• Augury of Darkness: The Low-Mass Dark Z' Portal
• Slowly rotating Bose Einstein Condensate galactic dark matter halos, and their rotation curves
• A natural Little Hierarchy for SUSY from radiative breaking of PQ symmetry
• Neutralino Dark Matter in Scenarios with Early Matter Domination
• Spherically symmetric static vacuum solutions in hybrid metric-Palatini gravity
• Testing Bose-Einstein Condensate dark matter models with the SPARC galactic rotation curves data
• Freeze-in produced dark matter in the ultra-relativistic regime
• Higher-Order QCD Predictions for Dark Matter Production in Mono-$Z$ Searches at the LHC
• Direct Detection of Dark Matter -- APPEC Committee Report
• On the origin of matter in the Universe
• Forbidden frozen-in dark matter
• Jeans instability and turbulent gravitational collapse of Bose-Einstein Condensate dark matter halos
• Spontaneous Freeze Out of Dark Matter From an Early Thermal Phase Transition
• Scalar modes in extended hybrid metric-Palatini gravity: weak field phenomenology
• Prospects for axion detection in natural SUSY with mixed axion-higgsino dark matter: back to invisible?
• On Dark Matter Interactions with the Standard Model through an Anomalous $Z^{\prime }$
• Hidden strongly interacting massive particles
• Scalar and Fermion Two-component SIMP Dark Matter with an Accidental ${\mathbb{Z}}_4^{}$ Symmetry
• Challenging matter creation models in the phantom divide
• Polynomial Inflation and Dark Matter
• The invisible decay of Higgs boson in the context of a thermal and non-thermal relic in MSSM
• Systematic U(1)_{B-L} Extensions of Loop-Induced Neutrino Mass Models with Dark Matter
• Dark Matter from Late Invisible Decays to/of Gravitinos
• Constraining Non-thermal Dark Matter by CMB
• MeV-GeV $\gamma$-ray telescopes probing axino LSP/gravitino NLSP as dark matter in the $\mu \nu$SSM
• Charming Dark Matter
• Scalar field dark matter with spontaneous symmetry breaking and the $3.5$ keV line
• One-loop Dirac neutrino mass and mixed axion/WIMP dark matter
• Feebly coupled vector boson dark matter in effective theory
• The Search for Electroweakinos
• Searching for Boosted Dark Matter mediated by a new Gauge Boson
• Signatures of sneutrino dark matter in an extension of the CMSSM
• A Couplet from Flavored Dark Matter
• Phenomenology of doublet-triplet fermionic dark matter in nonstandard cosmology and multicomponent dark sectors
• When FIMPs Decay into Neutrinos: The $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ Story
• Annihilating Dark Matter Search with 12 Years of Fermi LAT Data in Nearby Galaxy Clusters
• Black hole solutions in functional extensions of Born-Infeld gravity
• Study of the charged super-Chandrasekhar limiting mass white dwarfs in the $f(R,\mathcal{T})$ gravity
• Light weakly interacting massive particles
• Late decaying 2-component dark matter scenario as an explanation of the AMS-02 positron excess
• Bosonic dark matter dynamics in hybrid neutron stars
• Dirac-Fermionic Dark Matter in $U(1{)}_X$ Models
• Superheavy Dark Matter from String Theory
• Cosmological models with squared trace in modified gravity
• Current bounds and future prospects of light neutralino dark matter in NMSSM
• Mixed axion/gravitino dark matter from SUSY models with heavy axinos
• Lepton Flavor Violation Induced by Dark Matter
• Quintessential inflation with a trap and axionic dark matter
• Radiation Fluid Stars in the Non-minimally Coupled $Y(R)F^2$ Gravity
• Directional Detection of Dark Matter Using Solid-State Quantum Sensing
• Mixed modulus and anomaly mediation in light of the muon $g-2$ anomaly
• Strongly Interacting Neutrino Portal Dark Matter
• Deep Learning Jet Image as a Probe of Light Higgsino Dark Matter at the LHC
• Gauged Q-ball dark matter through a cosmological first-order phase transition
• Emergent/Composite axions
• Towards unity of families: anti-SU(7) from Z(12-I) orbifold compactification
• Non-linear clustering during the BEC dark matter phase transition
• Higgs Mass and Muon $g-2$ Anomaly in MSSM with Gauge-Gravity hybrid Mediation
• Search for Dark Matter Gamma-ray Emission from the Andromeda Galaxy with the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory
• Compatibility of a dark matter discovery at XENONnT/LZ with the WIMP thermal production mechanism
• Non-derivative Axionic Couplings to Nucleons at large and small N
• Invisible Axion-Like Dark Matter from Electroweak Bosonic Seesaw
• Axino dark matter with low reheating temperature
• Non-thermal Hot Dark Matter from Inflaton/Moduli Decay: The Momentum Distribution and Relaxing the Cosmological Mass Bound
• Nonthermal dark matter models and signals
• Inflection-point Inflation and Dark Matter Redux
• Probing feebly interacting dark matter with monojet searches
• WIMP isocurvature perturbation and small scale structure
• Moduli induced cogenesis of baryon asymmetry and dark matter
• The Sommerfeld Enhancement in the Scotogenic Model with Large Electroweak Scalar Multiplets
• One-loop radiative seesaw dark matter and neutrinoless double beta decay with two zero flavor neutrino mass texture
• A Dark Sector for $g_{\mu }-2$, $R_K$ and a Diphoton Resonance
• Leptogenesis scenarios for natural SUSY with mixed axion-higgsino dark matter
• On the applicability of approximations used in calculation of spectrum of Dark Matter particles produced in particle decays
• New results by low momentum approximation from relativistic quantum mechanics equations and suggestion of experiments
• Testing freeze-in with axial and vector $Z^{\prime }$ bosons
• A new bound on the low reheating temperature with dark matter
• Probing the BSM physics with CMB precision cosmology: an application to supersymmetry
• Natural SUSY at LHC with Right-Sneutrino LSP
• Study of dark matter physics in non-universal gaugino mass scenario
• Sterile neutrino dark matter with dipole interaction
• The quest for an electric dipole moment of the neutron
• Unifying CP violations of quark and lepton sectors
• Revisiting sterile neutrino dark matter in gauged $U(1{)}_{B-L}$ model
• Dark matter and dark radiation from the early universe with a modulus coupled to the PQMSSM
• A map of the non-thermal WIMP
• Compact Stars in the Non-minimally Coupled Electromagnetic Fields to Gravity
• Scalar Dark Matter and Radiative Dirac neutrino mass in an extended $U(1{)}_{B-L}$ model
• Dark matter production through a non-thermal flavon portal
• Dark Matter Production in Weyl $R^2$ Inflation
• Radiative Corrections to Aid the Direct Detection of the Higgsino-like Neutralino Dark Matter: Spin-Independent Interactions
• Black hole solutions in modified gravity induced by quantum metric fluctuations
• Light cold dark matter from non-thermal decay
• Effective field theory analysis of dark matter-standard model interactions with spin one mediators
• Long live The NMSSM!
• Towards understanding thermal history of the Universe through direct and indirect detection of dark matter
• Axion RG flows and the holographic dynamics of instanton densities
• Non-thermal WIMP baryogenesis
• Fine-tuned vs. natural supersymmetry: what does the string landscape predict?
• Non-adiabatic evolution of dark sector in the presence of $U(1{)}_{L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }}$ gauge symmetry
• Coupling Unification and Dark Matter in a Standard Model Extension with Adjoint Majorana Fermions
• Cold Dark Matter Based on an Analogy with Superconductivity
• Boltzmann equations for preheating
• Frozen-in fermionic singlet dark matter in non-standard cosmology with a decaying fluid
• Quintessential inflation and nonlinear effects of the tachyonic trap mechanism
• Same-sign trileptons as a signal of sneutrino lightest supersymmetric partlcle
• Manifestations of dark matter and variations of fundamental constants in atoms and astrophysical phenomena
• Inflation and Dark Matter in the $Z_5$ Model
• Cosmological evolution in Weyl conformal geometry
• Anisotropic Stars in the Non-minimal $Y(R)F^2$ Gravity
• Nucleon-decay-like signatures of Hylogenesis
• Connection between dark matter abundance and primordial tensor perturbations
• (Mainly) axion dark matter
• The CKM matrix from anti-SU(7) unification of GUT families
• Cosmic-Ray Signatures of Dark Matter from a Flavor Dependent Gauge Symmetry Model with Neutrino Mass Mechanism
• Hidden Sector Monopole Dark Matter with Matter Domination
• Direct signals from electroweak singlets through the Higgs portal
• Warm and Cold Dark Matter in Bouncing Universe
• Thermodynamics of the Primordial Universe
• XENON1T Takes a Razor to a Dark $E_6$-Inspired Model
• Implications of quantum gravity for dark matter in the brane-world scenario
• How to prove that the LHC did not discover dark matter
• Linking solar bosonic dark matter halos and active neutrinos
• Inflation of the Universe by the Non-minimal $Y(R)F^2$ Models
• How do scalar-field dark matter haloes react to orbiting bodies?
• GLIMPSE: Graphene-based super-Light Invisible Matter Particle SEarch
• Reconciling Cosmological Tensions with Inelastic Dark Matter and Dark Radiation in a $\mathbf{U}(1{)}_{\mathbf{D}}$ Framework
• A dark matter WIMP that can be detected and definitively identified with currently planned experiments
• Dark photon dark matter from flattened axion potentials
• Anisotropic cosmological solutions to the $Y(R)F^2$ gravity
• Effective field theory analysis of composite higgsino-like and wino-like thermal relic dark matter
• Supersymmetric $\nu$-Inflaton Dark Matter
• Exploring the Hadronic Axion Window via Delayed Neutralino Decay to Axinos at the LHC
• Optical effects of domain walls
• Prospects for annihilating dark matter from M31 and M33 observations with the Cherenkov Telescope Array
• Post-inflationary production of particle Dark Matter: Hilltop and Coleman-Weinberg inflation
• Indirect detection of dark matter absorption in the Galactic Center
• Interacting Dark Energy and Its Implications for Unified Dark Sector
• Decaying scalar dark matter in the minimal left-right symmetric model
• Estimation of gravitational production uncertainties
• Co-interacting dark matter and conformally coupled light scalars
• A Stringy Model of Pointlike Particles
• The Sterile-Active Neutrino Flavor Model: the Imprint of Dark Matter on the Electron Neutrino Spectra
• Naturalness-guided Gluino Mass Bound from the Minimal Mixed Mediation of SUSY Breaking
• Cosmological effect of coherent oscillation of ultralight scalar fields in a multicomponent universe
• Indirect detection of long-lived particles in a rich dark sector with a dark vector portal
• Quintessence and false vacuum: Two sides of the same coin?
• Perturbative Resonance during Dark Matter Production and Its Cosmological Implications
• The Radion as a Dark Matter Candidate
• Shifted focus point of the Higgs mass parameter from the minimal mixed mediation of SUSY breaking
• A Left-Right Mirror Symmetric Model: Common Origin of Neutrino Mass, Baryon Asymmetry and Dark Matter
• Opening up New Parameter Space for Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter
• Cored Dark Matter halos in the Cosmic Neutrino Background
• Modified Supersymmetric Dark Sectors
• Fenomenología de modelos supersimétricos: partículas y materia oscura
• Energy Conditions in Palatini Approach to Modified $f(R)$ Gravity
• Axion boson stars with wormhole topology
• Hybrid Anomaly and Gravity Mediation for Electroweak Supersymmetry
• Axions, strong and weak CP, and KNP inflation
• Revisiting freeze-in dark matter from renormalizable operators
• Dark Matter Phenomenology: Sterile Neutrino Portal and Gravitational Portal in Extra-Dimensions
• Stable dark matter from Pauli blocking in the degenerate fermion background with Quantum Field Theory