Grand Unification at Intermediate Mass Scales through Extra Dimensions

Abstract

One of the drawbacks of conventional grand unification scenarios has been that the unification scale is too high to permit direct exploration. In this paper, we show that the unification scale can be significantly lowered (perhaps even to the TeV scale) through the appearance of extra spacetime dimensions. Such extra dimensions are a natural consequence of string theories with large-radius compactifications. We show that extra spacetime dimensions naturally lead to gauge coupling unification at intermediate mass scales, and moreover may provide a natural mechanism for explaining the fermion mass hierarchy by permitting the fermion masses to evolve with a power-law dependence on the mass scale. We also show that proton-decay constraints may be satisfied in our scenario due to the higher-dimensional cancellation of proton-decay amplitudes to all orders in perturbation theory. Finally, we extend these results by considering theories without supersymmetry; experimental collider signatures; and embeddings into string theory. The latter also enables us to develop several novel methods of explaining the fermion mass hierarchy via $D$-branes. Our results therefore suggest a new approach towards understanding the physics of grand unification as well as the phenomenology of large-radius string compactifications.

65 pages, LaTeX, 20 figures

References in corpus (1)

• Extra Spacetime Dimensions and Unification

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• Low-Scale SU(4)_W Unification
• Fundamental constraints on two-time physics
• Role of initial conditions in the Universe formation
• General Resonance Mediation
• Large Jet Multiplicities and New Physics at the LHC
• Separate seesaw and its applications to dark matter and baryogenesis
• Relaxing Cosmological Constraints on Large Extra Dimensions
• Existence and Stability of Non-Trivial Scalar Field Configurations in Orbifolded Extra Dimensions
• Renormalization Group Treatment of Nonrenormalizable Interactions
• Supersymmetry breaking in 5-dimensional space-time with S**1/Z(2) compactification
• Effective potential analysis for 5D SU(2) gauge theories at finite temperature and radius
• Renormalization Invariants and Quark Flavor Mixings
• Improved vacuum stability in a five dimensional model
• Distinctive ultraviolet structure of extra-dimensional Yang-Mills theories by integration of heavy Kaluza-Klein modes
• Supersymmetry without the Desert
• The Hierarchy Problem and the Top Yukawa: An Alternative to Top Partner Solutions
• Remarks on Limits on String Scale from Proton Decay and Low-Energy amplitudes in Braneworld Scenario
• Flavor Symmetries in Extra Dimensions
• Brane World Gravity in an AdS Black Hole
• Exploring the predictability of symmetric texture zeros in quark mass matrices
• Matter in a Warped and Oscillating Background
• Effects of universal extra dimensions on top-quark electromagnetic interactions
• Review of physics results from the Tevatron: QCD physics
• A New Mechanism for Radius Stabilization in Warped Supersymmetry
• UV completion of extradimensional Yang-Mills theory for Gauge-Higgs unification
• Gravitational Origin of Quark Masses in an Extra-Dimensional Brane World
• Collider Implications of Multiple Non-Universal Extra Dimensions
• Successful Yukawa structures in Warped Extra Dimensions
• Phenomenology of the 1/N${}_f$ Expansion for Field Theories in Extra Dimensions
• Quark-lepton mass unification at TeV scales
• Constraints on Universal Extra Dimension models with gravity mediated decays from ATLAS diphoton search
• Note on black holes with kilometer-scale ultraviolet regulators
• Gauge Coupling Unification in a 6D SO(10) Orbifold GUT
• A simple 5D SO(10) GUT and sparticle masses
• Constraining Bosonic Supersymmetry from Higgs results and 8 TeV ATLAS multi-jets plus missing energy data
• Two-loop corrections and predictability on orbifold
• Implications of ${\delta }_l^{CP}\sim 270^{\circ }$ and ${\theta }_{23}\gtrsim 45^{\circ }$ for texture specific lepton mass matrices and $0\nu \beta \beta$ decay
• Gauge Coupling Unification in Heterotic String Models with Gauge Mediated SUSY Breaking
• Constraints on realistic Gauge-Higgs unified models
• Renormalization and ultraviolet sensitivity of gauge vertices in universal extra dimensions
• A Bulk Effect to SUSY Effective Potential in a 5D Super-Yang-Mills Model
• Theoretical Predictions for Collider Searches
• Softening the Supersymmetric Flavor Problem in Orbifold GUTs
• Deconstructing Superconductivity
• Decoupling of Heavy Kaluza-Klein Modes In Models With Five-Dimensional Scalar Fields
• Control of quantum fluctuations for a Yukawa interaction in the Kaluza Klein picture
• Five-dimensional Yang-Mills-Einstein supergravity on orbifolds: Parity assignments
• Gauge-invariant approach to the beta function in Yang-Mills theories with universal extra dimensions
• Evolution of Yukawa Couplings and Quark Flavour Mixings in the 5D MSSM
• Power law in a gauge-invariant cut-off regularisation
• Sculpting the Standard Model from low-scale Gauge-Higgs-Matter $E_8$ Grand Unification in ten dimensions
• Options for Orbifold-GUT Model Building from Five-Dimensional Supergravity
• Bounds on models with one latticized extra dimension
• Adjoint bulk scalars and supersymmetric unification in the presence of extra dimensions
• Extra dimensions prefer large $\tan \beta$
• Production of the top-pions from the higgsless--top-Higgs model at the LHC
• Evolution of sub-spaces at high and low energies
• The lightest Higgs boson mass in effective field theory with bulk and brane supersymmetry breaking
• Absolutely Stable Proton and Lowering the Gauge Unification Scale
• The impact of nonminimal Universal Extra Dimensional model on $\Delta B=2$ transitions
• Gauge invariance and radiative corrections in an extra dimensional theory
• Inert scalar dark matter in an extra dimension inspired model
• Extra-dimensional gravity and dijet production at gamma gamma colliders
• A note on two-loop effects in the DMSSM
• Possible Origin of Fermion Chirality and Gut Structure From Extra Dimensions
• Photon Defects in Noncommutative Standard Model Candidates
• Gauge Threshold Corrections in Warped Geometry
• Intermediate-scale vertex corrections for zero mode in warped space
• Split supersymmetry and the role of a light fermion in a supergravity-based scenario
• Features of electroweak symmetry breaking in five dimensional SUSY models
• A Model for Neutrino and Charged Lepton Masses in Extra Dimensions
• Simple mass relations for bulk fermions
• Extra-Dimensions effects on the fermion-induced quantum energy in the presence of a constant magnetic field
• Left-right symmetry, orbifold $S^1/Z_2$, and radiative breaking of $U(1{)}_{\mathrm{R}}\times U(1{)}_{\mathrm{B}-\mathrm{L}}$
• Physics of Extra Dimensions as IR Limit of Four-Dimensional Theories
• Is the truncated SU(N) non-Abelian gauge theory in extra dimensions renormalizable?
• A Kaluza-Klein Model with Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking: Light-Particle Effective Action and its Compactification Scale Dependence
• Probing TeV-scale gauge unification by hadronic collisions
• Cosmology and matter induced branes
• Flavon alignments from orbifolding: $SU(5)\times SU(3)$ model with ${\mathbb{T}}^6/\Delta (54)$
• String corrections to gauge couplings from a field theory approach
• Natural Supersymmetry and Unification in Five Dimensions
• Non-commutative Unification in Brane World
• Belle II Constraints on the Non-Minimal Universal Extra Dimensional Model
• Bulk Majorons at Colliders
• Superfield Calculation of Loop Contribution in Extra Dimensional Theories
• Large trilinear $A_t$ soft supersymmetry breaking coupling from 5D MSSM
• New Approach to GUTs
• Top Mode Standard Model in Six Dimensions
• Proton stability in low-scale extra-dimensional grand unified theories
• Most attractive channel for self-breaking of grand unification group symmetry