Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis

Abstract

A critical review is given of the current status of cosmological nucleosynthesis. In the framework of the Standard Model with 3 types of relativistic neutrinos, the baryon-to-photon ratio, $\eta$, corresponding to the inferred primordial abundances of deuterium and helium-4 is consistent with the independent determination of $\eta$ from observations of anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background. However the primordial abundance of lithium-7 inferred from observations is significantly below its expected value. Taking systematic uncertainties in the abundance estimates into account, there is overall concordance in the range $\eta =(5.7-6.7)\times 10^{-10}$ at 95% CL (corresponding to a cosmological baryon density ${\Omega }_B{h}^2=0.021-0.025$). The D and He-4 abundances, when combined with the CMB determination of $\eta$, provide the bound $N_{\nu }=3.28\pm 0.28$ on the effective number of neutrino species. Other constraints on new physics are discussed briefly.

15 pages, 1 (new) figure; mini-review in the Review of Particle Physics 2014 by the Particle Data Group (http://pdg.lbl.gov/)

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