Kassiopeia: A Modern, Extensible C++ Particle Tracking Package

Abstract

The Kassiopeia particle tracking framework is an object-oriented software package using modern C++ techniques, written originally to meet the needs of the KATRIN collaboration. Kassiopeia features a new algorithmic paradigm for particle tracking simulations which targets experiments containing complex geometries and electromagnetic fields, with high priority put on calculation efficiency, customizability, extensibility, and ease of use for novice programmers. To solve Kassiopeia's target physics problem the software is capable of simulating particle trajectories governed by arbitrarily complex differential equations of motion, continuous physics processes that may in part be modeled as terms perturbing that equation of motion, stochastic processes that occur in flight such as bulk scattering and decay, and stochastic surface processes occuring at interfaces, including transmission and reflection effects. This entire set of computations takes place against the backdrop of a rich geometry package which serves a variety of roles, including initialization of electromagnetic field simulations and the support of state-dependent algorithm-swapping and behavioral changes as a particle's state evolves. Thanks to the very general approach taken by Kassiopeia it can be used by other experiments facing similar challenges when calculating particle trajectories in electromagnetic fields. It is publicly available at https://github.com/KATRIN-Experiment/Kassiopeia

References in corpus (21)

• Evidence for oscillation of atmospheric neutrinos
• Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis
• Direct Evidence for Neutrino Flavor Transformation from Neutral-Current Interactions in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
• First Results from KamLAND: Evidence for Reactor Anti-Neutrino Disappearance
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• Measurement of the rate of nu_e + d --> p + p + e^- interactions produced by 8B solar neutrinos at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
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• Background due to stored electrons following nuclear decays in the KATRIN spectrometers and its impact on the neutrino mass sensitivity
• The KATRIN Pre-Spectrometer at reduced Filter Energy
• Measuring the proton spectrum in neutron decay - latest results with aSPECT
• Validation of a model for Radon-induced background processes in electrostatic spectrometers
• Modeling of electron emission processes accompanying Radon-$\alpha$-decays within electrostatic spectrometers
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Cited by in corpus (33)

• Dark Matter Search Results from a One Tonne$\times$Year Exposure of XENON1T
• An improved upper limit on the neutrino mass from a direct kinematic method by KATRIN
• The Design, Construction, and Commissioning of the KATRIN Experiment
• A novel detector system for KATRIN to search for keV-scale sterile neutrinos
• XENON1T Dark Matter Data Analysis: Signal Reconstruction, Calibration and Event Selection
• Improved determination of the $\beta$-${\overline{\nu }}_e$ angular correlation coefficient $a$ in free neutron decay with the $a$SPECT spectrometer
• Analysis methods for the first KATRIN neutrino-mass measurement
• $\beta$-Decay Spectrum, Response Function and Statistical Model for Neutrino Mass Measurements with the KATRIN Experiment
• A Design for an Electromagnetic Filter for Precision Energy Measurements at the Tritium Endpoint
• KATRIN: Status and Prospects for the Neutrino Mass and Beyond
• First operation of the KATRIN experiment with tritium
• First transmission of electrons and ions through the KATRIN beamline
• The KATRIN Superconducting Magnets: Overview and First Performance Results
• Constraints on the Effective Electron Energy Spectrum in Backscatter Kikuchi Diffraction
• High-resolution spectroscopy of gaseous ${}^{83m}$Kr conversion electrons with the KATRIN experiment
• Technical design and commissioning of the KATRIN large-volume air coil system
• Muon-induced background in the KATRIN main spectrometer
• Gamma-induced background in the KATRIN main spectrometer
• Measurements with a TRISTAN prototype detector system at the "Troitsk nu-mass" experiment in integral and differential mode
• Suppression of Penning discharges between the KATRIN spectrometers
• Locust: C++ software for simulation of RF detection
• Wideband precision stabilization of the -18.6 kV retarding voltage for the KATRIN spectrometer
• Background reduction at the KATRIN experiment by the shifted analysing plane configuration
• SYNCA: A Synthetic Cyclotron Antenna for the Project 8 Collaboration
• Reduction of stored-particle background by a magnetic pulse method at the KATRIN experiment
• Time-Focusing Time-of-Flight, a new method to turn a MAC-E-filter into a quasi-differential spectrometer
• Deep Learning Based Event Reconstruction for Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy
• Measurement of the electric potential and the magnetic field in the shifted analysing plane of the KATRIN experiment
• Ultracold Neutron Storage Simulation Using the Kassiopeia Software Package
• Real-time Signal Detection for Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy Measurements using Antenna Arrays
• Development & Characterization of Electrodes for large-scale Xenon Time Projection Chambers
• Electron evaporation from magnetic trap in Troitsk nu-mass experiment
• A precision 32 keV angular-selective photoelectron source for calibration measurements at the KATRIN experiment