The Design, Construction, and Commissioning of the KATRIN Experiment

Abstract

The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment, which aims to make a direct and model-independent determination of the absolute neutrino mass scale, is a complex experiment with many components. More than 15 years ago, we published a technical design report (TDR) [https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/270060419] to describe the hardware design and requirements to achieve our sensitivity goal of 0.2 eV at 90% C.L. on the neutrino mass. Since then there has been considerable progress, culminating in the publication of first neutrino mass results with the entire beamline operating [arXiv:1909.06048]. In this paper, we document the current state of all completed beamline components (as of the first neutrino mass measurement campaign), demonstrate our ability to reliably and stably control them over long times, and present details on their respective commissioning campaigns.

arXiv commentAdded missing acknowledgement, corrected performance statement in chapter 4.2.5, updated author list and references

References in corpus (46)

• Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis
• Final Results from phase II of the Mainz Neutrino Mass Search in Tritium $\beta$ Decay
• ROOT - A C++ Framework for Petabyte Data Storage, Statistical Analysis and Visualization
• An improved upper limit on the neutrino mass from a direct kinematic method by KATRIN
• An upper limit on electron antineutrino mass from Troitsk experiment
• Neutrino mass limit from tritium beta decay
• Current Direct Neutrino Mass Experiments
• The T2K Fine-Grained Detectors
• Single electron detection and spectroscopy via relativistic cyclotron radiation
• Direct Measurements of Neutrino Mass
• Focal-plane detector system for the KATRIN experiment
• Monitoring of the operating parameters of the KATRIN Windowless Gaseous Tritium Source
• Precision high voltage divider for the KATRIN experiment
• Assessment of molecular effects on neutrino mass measurements from tritium beta decay
• Kassiopeia: A Modern, Extensible C++ Particle Tracking Package
• $\beta$-Decay Spectrum, Response Function and Statistical Model for Neutrino Mass Measurements with the KATRIN Experiment
• Radon induced background processes in the KATRIN pre-spectrometer
• First operation of the KATRIN experiment with tritium
• A broad-Band FT-ICR Penning TRap System for KATRIN
• Background due to stored electrons following nuclear decays in the KATRIN spectrometers and its impact on the neutrino mass sensitivity
• Commissioning of the vacuum system of the KATRIN Main Spectrometer
• First transmission of electrons and ions through the KATRIN beamline
• Next generation KATRIN high precision voltage divider for voltages up to 65kV
• Ultra-stable implanted 83Rb/83mKr electron sources for the energy scale monitoring in the KATRIN experiment
• The KATRIN Superconducting Magnets: Overview and First Performance Results
• A pulsed, mono-energetic and angular-selective UV photo-electron source for the commissioning of the KATRIN experiment
• Measurement of the gas-flow reduction factor of the KATRIN DPS2-F differential pumping section
• Calibration of high voltages at the ppm level by the difference of ${}^{83\mathrm{m}}$Kr conversion electron lines at the KATRIN experiment
• Neutrino mass sensitivity by MAC-E-Filter based time-of-flight spectroscopy with the example of KATRIN
• Effect of a sweeping conductive wire on electrons stored in the Penning trap between the KATRIN spectrometers
• High-resolution spectroscopy of gaseous ${}^{83m}$Kr conversion electrons with the KATRIN experiment
• Technical design and commissioning of the KATRIN large-volume air coil system
• Prototype of an angular-selective photoelectron calibration source for the KATRIN experiment
• Validation of a model for Radon-induced background processes in electrostatic spectrometers
• Modelling of gas dynamical properties of the KATRIN tritium source and implications for the neutrino mass measurement
• Muon-induced background in the KATRIN main spectrometer
• Gamma-induced background in the KATRIN main spectrometer
• Performance of a TiN-coated monolithic silicon pin-diode array under mechanical stress
• A mobile Magnetic Sensor Unit for the KATRIN Main Spectrometer
• Suppression of Penning discharges between the KATRIN spectrometers
• keV-Scale Sterile Neutrino Sensitivity Estimation with Time-Of-Flight Spectroscopy in KATRIN using Self-Consistent Approximate Monte Carlo
• Technical design and commissioning of the sensor net for fine meshed measuring of magnetic field at KATRIN Spectrometer
• Contactless 2-dimensional laser sensor for 3-dimensional wire position and tension measurements
• Forward Beam Monitor for the KATRIN experiment
• Reduction of stored-particle background by a magnetic pulse method at the KATRIN experiment
• Time-Focusing Time-of-Flight, a new method to turn a MAC-E-filter into a quasi-differential spectrometer

Cited by in corpus (33)

• Direct neutrino-mass measurement based on 259 days of KATRIN data
• Imprint of the seesaw mechanism on feebly interacting dark matter and the baryon asymmetry
• Analysis methods for the first KATRIN neutrino-mass measurement
• Improved eV-scale Sterile-Neutrino Constraints from the Second KATRIN Measurement Campaign
• KATRIN: Status and Prospects for the Neutrino Mass and Beyond
• SciTS: A Benchmark for Time-Series Databases in Scientific Experiments and Industrial Internet of Things
• Precision measurement of the electron energy-loss function in tritium and deuterium gas for the KATRIN experiment
• Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy of Electrons from Tritium Beta Decay and ${}^{83\mathrm{m}}$Kr Internal Conversion
• Search for Lorentz-Invariance Violation with the first KATRIN data
• Probing self-interacting sterile neutrino dark matter with the diffuse supernova neutrino background
• Nonholomorphic $A_4$ modular invariance for fermion masses and mixing in SU(5) GUT
• Determining Absolute Neutrino Mass using Quantum Technologies
• Development of a Silicon Drift Detector Array to Search for keV-scale Sterile Neutrinos with the KATRIN Experiment
• Wideband precision stabilization of the -18.6 kV retarding voltage for the KATRIN spectrometer
• Background reduction at the KATRIN experiment by the shifted analysing plane configuration
• Scalar NSI: A unique tool for constraining absolute neutrino masses via $\nu$-oscillations
• Operation Modes of the KATRIN Experiment Tritium Loop System using ${}^{83\mathrm{m}}$Kr
• A method for determining the transition energies of ${}^{83m}$Kr at the KATRIN experiment
• Characterization measurements of the TRISTAN multi-pixel silicon drift detector
• An active transverse energy filter to differentiate low energy particles with large pitch angles in a strong magnetic field
• First constraints on general neutrino interactions based on KATRIN data
• Fermion Masses and Mixing in Pati-Salam Unification with $S_3$ Modular Symmetry
• Investigation of Electron Backscattering on Silicon Drift Detectors for the Sterile Neutrino Search with TRISTAN
• Measurement of the electric potential and the magnetic field in the shifted analysing plane of the KATRIN experiment
• Investigations of Charge Collection and Signal Timing in a multi-pixel Silicon Drift Detector
• Cosmological neutrino N-body simulations of dark matter halo
• Ultra-low $Q_{\beta }$ value for the allowed decay of ${}^{110}$Ag${}^m$ confirmed via mass measurements
• New Constraint on the Local Relic Neutrino Background Overdensity with the First KATRIN Data Runs
• Monte Carlo simulations of the electron-gas interactions in the KATRIN experiment
• A precision 32 keV angular-selective photoelectron source for calibration measurements at the KATRIN experiment
• Measurement of the inhomogeneity of the KATRIN tritium source electric potential by high-resolution spectroscopy of conversion electrons from ${}^{83m}$Kr
• Forecasting Source Stability in Scientific Experiments using Temporal Learning Models: A Case Study from Tritium Monitoring
• Prospects for Neutrino Observation and Mass Measurement from Binary Neutron Star Mergers