A review of advances in pixel detectors for experiments with high rate and radiation

Abstract

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments ATLAS and CMS have established hybrid pixel detectors as the instrument of choice for particle tracking and vertexing in high rate and radiation environments, as they operate close to the LHC interaction points. With the High Luminosity-LHC upgrade now in sight, for which the tracking detectors will be completely replaced, new generations of pixel detectors are being devised. They have to address enormous challenges in terms of data throughput and radiation levels, ionizing and non-ionizing, that harm the sensing and readout parts of pixel detectors alike. Advances in microelectronics and microprocessing technologies now enable large scale detector designs with unprecedented performance in measurement precision (space and time), radiation hard sensors and readout chips, hybridization techniques, lightweight supports, and fully monolithic approaches to meet these challenges. This paper reviews the world-wide effort on these developments.

84 pages with 46 figures. Review article.For submission to Rep. Prog. Phys

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Cited by in corpus (15)

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• Radiation hard DMAPS pixel sensors in 150nm CMOS technology for operation at LHC
• Strategies for on-chip digital data compression for X-ray pixel detectors
• Pixel Detectors ... where do we stand?
• Bistability of the BiOi complex and its implications on evaluating the acceptor removal
• Tracking Rydberg atoms with Bose-Einstein Condensates
• Tracking performance and simulation of capacitively coupled pixel detectors for the CLIC vertex detector
• Measurements of Single Event Upset in ATLAS IBL
• Next Frontiers in Particle Physics Detectors: INSTR2020 Summary and a Look into the Future
• A novel concept for a fully digital particle detector
• Operation of a double-sided CMOS pixelated detector at a high intensity $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ particle collider
• HitPix3 -- a new HV-CMOS active pixel sensor for ion beam therapy
• Conceptual study of a two-layer silicon pixel detector to tag the passage of muons from cosmic sources through quantum processors
• New Method for Silicon Sensor Charge Calibration Using Compton Scattering
• Position resolution with 25 um pitch pixel sensors before and after irradiation