Effects of sterile neutrino and extra-dimension on big bang nucleosynthesis

Abstract

By assuming the existence of extra-dimensional sterile neutrinos in big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) epoch, we investigate the sterile neutrino (${\nu }_{\mathrm{s}}$) effects on the BBN and constrain some parameters associated with the ${\nu }_{\mathrm{s}}$ properties. First, for cosmic expansion rate, we take into account effects of a five-dimensional bulk and intrinsic tension of the brane embedded in the bulk, and constrain a key parameter of the extra dimension by using the observational element abundances. Second, effects of the ${\nu }_{\mathrm{s}}$ traveling on or off the brane are considered. In this model, the effective mixing angle between a ${\nu }_{\mathrm{s}}$ and an active neutrino depends on energy, which may give rise to a resonance effect on the mixing angle. Consequently, reaction rate of the ${\nu }_{\mathrm{s}}$ can be drastically changed during the cosmic evolution. We estimated abundances and temperature of the ${\nu }_{\mathrm{s}}$ by solving the rate equation as a function of temperature until the sterile neutrino decoupling. We then find that the relic abundance of the ${\nu }_{\mathrm{s}}$ is drastically enhanced by the extra-dimension and maximized for a characteristic resonance energy $E_{\mathrm{res}}\gtrsim 0.01$ GeV. Finally, some constraints related to the ${\nu }_{\mathrm{s}}$, mixing angle and mass difference, are discussed in detail with the comparison of our BBN calculations corrected by the extra-dimensional ${\nu }_{\mathrm{s}}$ to observational data on light element abundances.

Secs. 2B, 2C, 3, and 4D revised, Fig. 10 added, Figs. 2-13 revised with updated calculations, Appendices A & B added

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Cited by in corpus (3)

• The viability of the 3+1 neutrino model in the supernova neutrino process
• Big Bang Nucleosynthesis constraints on the Energy-Momentum Squared Gravity: The ${\mathbb{T}}^2$ model
• Oscillating cosmic evolution and constraints on big bang nucleosynthesis in the extended Starobinsky model