Introduction to the physics of the total cross-section at LHC: A Review of Data and Models

Abstract

This review describes the development of the physics of hadronic cross sections up to recent LHC results and cosmic ray experiments. We present here a comprehensive review - written with a historical perspective - about total cross-sections from medium to the highest energies explored experimentally and studied through a variety of methods and theoretical models for over sixty years. We begin by recalling the analytic properties of the elastic amplitude and the theorems about the asymptotic behavior of the total cross-section. A discussion of how proton-proton cross-sections are extracted from cosmic rays at higher than accelerator energies and help the study of these asymptotic limits, is presented. This is followed by a description of the advent of particle colliders, through which high energies and unmatched experimental precisions have been attained. Thus the measured hadronic elastic and total cross-sections have become crucial instruments to probe the so called soft part of QCD physics, where quarks and gluons are confined, and have led to test and refine Regge behavior and a number of diffractive models. As the c.m. energy increases, the total cross-section also probes the transition into hard scattering describable with perturbative QCD, the so-called mini-jet region. Further tests are provided by cross-section measurements of gamma p, gamma*p and gamma* gamma* for models based on vector meson dominance, scaling limits of virtual photons at high Q^2 and the BFKL formalism. Models interpolating from virtual to real photons are also tested.

173 pages, 158 figures, to be published in the European Journal of Physics C

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Cited by in corpus (33)

• Introduction to the physics of the total cross-section at LHC: A Review of Data and Models
• Possible studies at the first stage of the NICA collider operation with polarized and unpolarized proton and deuteron beams
• Hollowness in $pp$ and $p\bar{p}$ scattering in a Regge model
• Relative entropy in scattering and the S-matrix bootstrap
• The Phillips - Barger model for the elastic cross section and the Odderon
• Searching for Elusive Dark Sectors with Terrestrial and Celestial Observations
• Froissart bound for/from CFT Mellin amplitudes
• Analysis and implications of precision near-forward TOTEM data
• Forward Elastic Scattering and Pomeron Models
• Quantum Mechanics and modelling of physical reality
• Leading components in forward elastic hadron scattering: Derivative dispersion relations and asymptotic uniqueness
• The spectra and composition of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays and the measurement of the proton-air cross section
• Electroweak, QCD and flavour physics studies with ATLAS data from Run 2 of the LHC
• Diffractive excitation in $pp$ and $pA$ collisions at high energies
• Determination of the entanglement entropy in elastic scattering using model-independent method for hadron femtoscopy
• Inelastic cross-section and Survival Probabilities at LHC in mini-jet models
• A model of diffractive excitation in $pp$ collisions at high energies
• A detailed study of charm content of a proton in the frameworks of the Kimber-Martin-Ryskin and Martin-Ryskin-Watt approaches
• Analytical representation for amplitudes and differential cross section of pp elastic scattering at 13 TeV
• Hollowness effect and entropy in high energy elastic scattering
• The P-P(P) cross-section of isolated single-photon production in the $k_t$-factorization and different angular ordering unintegrated parton distributions frameworks
• Froissart Bound, Diffraction Scattering of Hadrons and Scaling at Asymptotic Energies
• Extracting the parton distribution functions evolution equations using the stochastic modeling in the non-equilibrium statistical mechanics
• Quark-Gluon Backscattering in the Regge Limit at One-Loop
• Some applications of the Eikonal model with Coulomb and curvature corrections in $pp$ and $\bar{p}p$ scattering
• An investigation on the leading and subleading high-energy behavior of hadron-hadron total cross sections using a best-fit analysis of hadronic scattering data
• Laplace method for the simplest diagrams of elastic scattering of scalar particles
• Readdressing the contribution of photonuclear reactions to the muon content of extensive air showers: a heuristic approach
• Soft Pomeron in light of the LHC correlated data
• Nucleon structure and spin effects in elastic hadron scattering
• Modeling Double Parton Scattering at LHC
• Analytic components for the hadronic total cross-section: Fractional calculus and Mellin transform
• Performance of Monte Carlo event generators of pp collisions at NICA energies