High Energy Physics in the Atmosphere: Phenomenology of Cosmic Ray Air Showers
arXiv:hep-ph/0407020 · doi:10.1016/j.aop.2004.07.003
Abstract
The properties of cosmic rays with energies above 10**6 GeV have to be deduced from the spacetime structure and particle content of the air showers which they initiate. In this review we summarize the phenomenology of these giant air showers. We describe the hadronic interaction models used to extrapolate results from collider data to ultra high energies, and discuss the prospects for insights into forward physics at the LHC. We also describe the main electromagnetic processes that govern the longitudinal shower evolution, as well as the lateral spread of particles. Armed with these two principal shower ingredients and motivation from the underlying physics, we provide an overview of some of the different methods proposed to distinguish primary species. The properties of neutrino interactions and the potential of forthcoming experiments to isolate deeply penetrating showers from baryonic cascades are also discussed. We finally venture into a terra incognita endowed with TeV-scale gravity and explore anomalous neutrino-induced showers.
arXiv commentTypo in caption of Fig. 8 corrected, references added
References in corpus (128)
- A Large Mass Hierarchy from a Small Extra Dimension
- Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (in "The Review of Particle Properties" 2004)
- The Hierarchy Problem and New Dimensions at a Millimeter
- New Generation of Parton Distributions with Uncertainties from Global QCD Analysis
- New Dimensions at a Millimeter to a Fermi and Superstrings at a TeV
- Black Holes at the LHC
- High Energy Colliders as Black Hole Factories: The End of Short Distance Physics
- Improved Parton Distributions from Global Analysis of Recent Deep Inelastic Scattering and Inclusive Jet Data
- Extension of the Cosmic-Ray Energy Spectrum Beyond the Predicted Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuz'min Cutoff
- Origin and Propagation of Extremely High Energy Cosmic Rays
- Ultrahigh-Energy Neutrino Interactions
- Neutrino Interactions at Ultrahigh Energies
- Detection of a Cosmic Ray with Measured Energy Well Beyond the Expected Spectral Cutoff due to Cosmic Microwave Radiation
- Particle Physics with High Energy Neutrinos
- Deep-Inelastic Inclusive ep Scattering at Low x and a Determination of alpha_s
- Classical Black Hole Production in High-Energy Collisions
- Black Holes and Sub-millimeter Dimensions
- Black Holes Radiate Mainly on the Brane
- High-energy Neutrino Astronomy: The Cosmic Ray Connection
- Energy determination in the Akeno Giant Air Shower Array experiment
- Black Hole Production by Cosmic Rays
- Centrality Dependence of Charged Particle Multiplicity in Au-Au Collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=130 GeV
- Pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles from Au+Au collisions at the maximum RHIC energy, Sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV
- Black Holes from Cosmic Rays: Probes of Extra Dimensions and New Limits on TeV-Scale Gravity
- Suppression of Bremsstrahlung and Pair Production due to Environmental Factors
- Measuring Flavor Ratios of High-Energy Astrophysical Neutrinos
- Decay of High-Energy Astrophysical Neutrinos
- Black hole formation in the grazing collision of high-energy particles
- Calculable Corrections to Brane Black Hole Decay I: The Scalar Case
- Tau Neutrinos in the Auger Observatory : A New Window to UHECR Sources
- Hawking Radiation from a (4+n)-dimensional Black Hole: Exact Results for the Schwarzschild Phase
- Discovering Ultra High Energy Neutrinos by Horizontal and Upward tau Air-Showers: Evidences in Terrestrial Gamma Flashes?
- Measurement of the Cosmic Ray Energy Spectrum and Composition from 10^{17} to 10^{18.3} eV Using a Hybrid Fluorescence Technique
- A Multi-Component Measurement of the Cosmic Ray Composition Between 10^{17} eV and 10^{18} eV
- On the detection of Ultra High Energy Neutrinos with the Auger Observatory
- New constraints from Haverah Park data on the photon and iron fluxes of UHE cosmic rays
- Collider versus Cosmic Ray Sensitivity to Black Hole Production
- Cosmic Rays as Probes of Large Extra Dimensions and TeV Gravity
- Observability of Earth-skimming Ultra-high Energy Neutrinos
- Some Remarks on Theories with Large Compact Dimensions and TeV-Scale Quantum Gravity
- Calculable Corrections to Brane Black Hole Decay II: Greybody Factors for Spin 1/2 and 1
- Pseudo-Dirac Neutrinos, a Challenge for Neutrino Telescopes
- Supernova and neutron-star limits on large extra dimensions reexamined
- Extensive Air Shower Simulations at the Highest Energies
- Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays: The state of the art before the Auger Observatory
- Experimental Signature for Black Hole Production in Neutrino Air Showers
- HERA Collider Physics
- Brane fluctuations and suppression of Kaluza-Klein mode couplings
- A Measurement of the Cosmic Ray Spectrum and Composition at the Knee
- Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays: The theoretical challenge
- Electron, Muon, and Hadron Lateral Distributions Measured in Air-Showers by the KASCADE Experiment
- Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays and Inflation Relics
- A Measurement of the Proton Structure Function F_2(x,Q^2) at Low x and Low Q^2 at HERA
- Energy and Centrality Dependence of Rapidity Densities at RHIC
- Galactic Point Sources of TeV Antineutrinos
- String Balls at the LHC and Beyond
- Extra dimensions and Strong Neutrino-Nucleon interactions above eV : Breaking the GZK Barrier
- Cherenkov radio pulses from EeV neutrino interactions: the LPM effect
- Inplication of percolation of colour strings on multiplicities, correlations and the transverse momentum
- Detecting Microscopic Black Holes with Neutrino Telescopes
- Sensitivity to and in the Decaying Astrophysical Neutrino Scenario
- On the statistical significance of the GZK feature in the spectrum of ultra high energy cosmic rays
- Black Holes at Neutrino Telescopes
- Strongly Interacting Neutrinos and the Highest Energy Cosmic Rays
- Black hole production and Large Extra Dimensions
- On the Evidence for Clustering in the Arrival Directions of AGASA's Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays
- Hybrid simulations of extensive air showers
- The LPM effect for EeV hadronic showers in ice: implications for radio detection of neutrinos
- Percolation of strings and the first RHIC data on multiplicity and tranverse momentum distributions
- Elemental Composition of Cosmic Rays near the Knee by Multiparameter Measurement of Air Showerss
- Proton Structure in Transverse Space and the Effective Cross Section
- Neutrino Bounds on Astrophysical Sources and New Physics
- Updated Limits on TeV-Scale Gravity from Absence of Neutrino Cosmic Ray Showers Mediated by Black Holes
- Constraints on the Ultra High Energy Photon flux using inclined showers from the Haverah Park array
- Bremsstrahlung Suppression due to the LPM and Dielectric Effects in a Variety of Materials
- Centrality dependence of multiplicities in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions
- Search for Large Extra Dimensions in Dielectron and Diphoton Production
- Black Hole Production at LHC: String Balls and Black Holes from pp and Lead-lead Collisions
- Diffractive Production of Jets and Weak Bosons, and Tests of Hard-Scattering Factorization
- How accurately can one test CPT conservation with reactor and solar neutrino experiments?
- Inelastic Black Hole Production and Large Extra Dimensions
- Search for Large Extra Dimensions in the Monojet + Missing ET Channel at D0
- The Extremely High Energy Cosmic Rays
- Black Hole Chromosphere at the LHC
- On Black Hole Detection with the OWL/Airwatch Telescope
- Modelling Horizontal Air Showers Induced by Cosmic Rays
- Mass Composition of Cosmic Rays in the Range 2 x 10^17 - 3 x 10^18 Measured with Haverah Park Array
- Ultrahigh energy neutrino interactions and weak-scale string theories
- Air Shower Simulations in a Hybrid Approach using Cascade Equations
- A Comparison of Cosmic Ray Composition Measurements at the Highest Energies
- Search for Low Scale Gravity Effects in e+e- Collisions at LEP
- Cosmic Physics: The High Energy Frontier
- Extending the Frontiers - Reconciling Accelerator and Cosmic Ray p-p Cross Sections
- Cosmic Ray Air Shower Characteristics in the Framework of the Parton-Based Gribov-Regge Model NEXUS
- Fusion of strings vs. percolation and the transition to the quark-gluon plasma
- Search for Extra Dimensions in Boson and Fermion Pair Production in e+e- Interactions at LEP
- Extensive air showers with TeV-scale quantum gravity
- Test of Hadronic Interaction Models in the Forward Region with KASCADE Event Rates
- Hadrons as Signature of Black Hole Production at the LHC
- Hadronic interactions models beyond collider energies
- The rate of cosmic ray showers at large zenith angles: a step towards the detection of ultra-high energy neutrinos by the Pierre Auger Observatory
- Electroweak instantons as a solution to the ultrahigh energy cosmic ray puzzle
- Particle Densities in Heavy Ion Collisions at High Energy and the Dual String Model
- If sterile neutrinos exist, how can one determine the total solar neutrino fluxes?
- Influence of the LPM effect and dielectric suppression on particle air showers
- High Energy Neutrino Astronomy: WIN 99
- Particle Rapidity Density Saturation in Heavy Ion Collisions and the Dual String Model
- Angular Dependence of Neutrino Flux in KM3 Detectors in Low Scale Gravity Models
- Ultra-High Energy Gamma Rays in Geomagnetic Field and Atmosphere
- Air Showers and Geomagnetic Field
- Characteristics of air showers created by extremely high energy gamma-rays
- Asymptotic behaviour of the total cross section of p-p scattering and the Akeno cosmic ray data
- Interaction of a TeV Scale Black Hole with the Quark-Gluon Plasma at LHC
- Dominant Contributions to Lateral Distribution Functions in Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray Air Showers
- Predicting Proton-Air Cross Sections at sqrt s ~30 TeV, using Accelerator and Cosmic Ray Data
- Atmospheric shower fluctuations and the constant intensity cut method
- Extended Air Showers and Muon Interactions
- Extensive Air Showers and Accelerator Data - The NEEDS Workshop
- The effect of atmospheric attenuation on inclined cosmic ray air showers
- Footprints of Super-GZK Cosmic Rays in the Pilliga State Forest
- The Enigma of the Highest Energy Particles of Nature
- Full-Sky Search for Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray Anisotropies
- Sensitivity of the Auger Observatory to ultra high energy photon composition through inclined showers
- A new approach to inferring the mass composition of cosmic rays at energies above 10^18 eV
- On the nature of cosmic rays above the Greisen--Zatsepin--Kuz'min cut off
- Cosmic Ray Astrophysics and Hadronic Interactions
- Heavy Nuclei from RHIC to the Cosmos
- A reinterpretation of Volcano Ranch lateral distribution measurements to infer the mass composition of cosmic rays
Cited by in corpus (32)
- Cosmic Rays from the Knee to the Highest Energies
- Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays
- Improved analysis of black hole formation in high-energy particle collisions
- The Impact of Heavy Nuclei on the Cosmogenic Neutrino Flux
- Predictions for the Cosmogenic Neutrino Flux in Light of New Data from the Pierre Auger Observatory
- High-energy neutrinos from astrophysical accelerators of cosmic ray nuclei
- Introduction to the physics of the total cross-section at LHC: A Review of Data and Models
- In Search for Extraterrestrial High Energy Neutrinos
- Strange fireball as an explanation of the muon excess in Auger data
- Monitoring temporal opacity fluctuations of large structures with muon tomography : a calibration experiment using a water tower tank
- The ground-based large-area wide-angle gamma-ray and cosmic-ray experiment HiSCORE
- Exotic Neutrino Interactions at the Pierre Auger Observatory
- Cosmic Rays and the Search for a Lorentz Invariance Violation
- Probing Split Supersymmetry with Cosmic Rays
- Saturation Physics in Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays: Heavy Quark Production
- Total and inelastic cross-sections at LHC at CM energy of 7 TeV and beyond
- White paper on EUSO-SPB2
- Percolation Effects in Very High Energy Cosmic Rays
- Cosmic rays at ultra high energies (Neutrinos!)
- Gluino Air Showers as a Signal of Split Supersymmetry
- Hunting long-lived gluinos at the Pierre Auger Observatory
- Muon Charge Information from Geomagnetic Deviation in Inclined Extensive Air Showers
- Air Shower Simulation and Hadronic Interactions
- Percolation and high energy cosmic rays above eV
- Unitarisation dependence of diffractive scattering in light of high-energy collider data
- New physics, the cosmic ray spectrum knee, and cross section measurements
- Confronting models on cosmic ray interactions with particle physics at LHC energies
- Multiple scattering of matter waves: an analytic model of the refractive index for atomic and molecular gases
- Probing Exotic Physics With Cosmic Neutrinos
- p-air production cross-section and uncorrelated mini-jets processes in pp-scattering
- Implications of cosmic ray results for UHE neutrinos
- Phenomenology of cosmic ray air showers